European Law Commons^™

Self-Sufficiency Of European (Regulatory) Private Law: A Discussion Paper, Jan M. Smits

Jan M Smits

This brief paper is part of a larger publication on the 'self-sufficiency' of European regulatory private law. The question discussed is whether this is a viable concept to understand the regulatory efforts of the EU that have relevance for private parties. It turns out that the need for 'self-sufficiency' follows from the desire to have ‘stable practices’: it allows people to rely on a set of norms that is publicly recognised as binding on the collectivity. While national jurisdictions can be self-sufficient by emphasising their own values, principles and a coherent system through the State institutions, the European Union has …

Towards A European Law Of Unjustified Enrichment, Pietro Sirena

Pietro Sirena

Though historically recent, a European law of unjustified enrichment is already existing and embraces both contractual and extra-contractual restitution, which however are governed by different rules and shall not therefore lose their own specificity. In contractual restitution, the remedy is based on the general principle of unjustified enrichment (both in civil and in common law by now) and has a very large field of application: unlike the German model followed by the DCFR, distinguishing between avoided and terminated contracts is not necessary from the point of view of restitution of performances rendered by the parties (as demonstrated by the CESL), …

Judicial Non-Compliance In A Non-Hierarchical Legal Order: Isolated Accident Or Omen Of Judicial Armageddon?, Arthur Dyevre

Arthur Dyevre

In a multi-level, non-hierarchical court system, where courts at the upper echelon do not have the power to reverse the decisions of courts at the lower level, judicial cooperation appears crucial to the effectiveness of the higher-level law. For this reason, the recent judgment of the Czech Constitutional Court, which declared the decision of the Court of Justice in the Landtová case ultra vires, would seem to deal a terrible blow to the authority of European Union law. As doomsayers will be quick to point out, the Czech decision could set a dangerous precedent that may well one day bring …

“El Tribunal General De La Ue Clarifica El Concepto De Actos Impugnables Por Los Particulares Según El Artículo 263(4) Tfue: La Sentencia Microban”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El Tribunal General (Sala Cuarta ampliada) decidió anular la Decisión 2010/169/UE de la Comisión, de 19 de marzo de 2010, relativa a la no inclusión del 2,4,4’-tricloro-2’-hidroxidifenil éter en la lista de la Unión de los aditivos que pueden utilizarse en la fabricación de materiales y objetos plásticos destinados a entrar en contacto con productos alimenticios con arreglo a la Directiva 2002/72/CE. Dicho Tribunal estimó que la Comisión había infringido el Reglamento nº 1935/2004 y la Directiva 2002/72 al adoptar una decisión de no incluir un aditivo basándose exclusivamente en la retirada de la solicitud inicial de inclusión del triclosán …

Ue: Libre Circulación De Mercancías Y Reconocimiento Mutuo, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El autor analiza diversos documentos presentados por la Comisión Europea, a saber: - una "Propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por el que se establecen procedimientos relativos a la aplicación de determinadas normas técnicas nacionales a los productos comercializados legalmente en otro Estado miembro y se deroga la Decisión 3052/95/CE"; -una "Propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por el que se establecen los requisitos de acreditación y vigilancia del mercado relativos a la comercialización de los productos", cuyo objetivo es organizar la acreditación a nivel nacional y europeo, con independencia de los sectores de …

“Libre Circulación De Mercancías: No Todo Es Perfecto”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

“El Reglamento (Ue) N.º 181/2011 Sobre Los Derechos De Los Viajeros De Autobuses Y Autocares”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

“La Sentencia 'Microban': El Tg De La Ue Anula, A Petición De Particulares, Una Decisión De La Comisión Relativa A La No Inclusión Del 'Triclosan' En La Lista De Los Aditivos Para Los Materiales Destinados A Entrar En Contacto Con Los Alimentos”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The General Court (Fourth Chamber, Extended Composition) decided that the European Commission infringed Regulation No 1935/2004 and Directive 2002/72 in adopting a decision (Decision 2010/169/EU) not to include an additive solely on the basis of the withdrawal of the initial application for inclusion of triclosan in the positive list of additives which may be used in the manufacture of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, in circumstances where there is no legal basis allowing the adoption of such a decision. Therefore, The General Court annulled Commission Decision 2010/169/EU of 19 March 2010 concerning the non-inclusion …

Akzo And The Debate On In-House Privilege In The European Union, Clinton R. Long

Brigham Young University International Law & Management Review

No abstract provided.

Between Myths And Reality--Macedonia Between Turkey And The European Union, Marija Đorđeska

Dr Marija Dordeska

The spirit of Alexander the Great still stirs ghosts between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia is on its way to the EU and Greece represents an obstacle for these processes in the aftermath of the name dispute and the Greek veto on the Macedonian membership in NATO and the European Union. The major asset Greece has in regards to Macedonia is the veto power over the future accession talks Macedonia could have with international organizations, especially with the European Union. Instead of Greece taking Macedonia under its wing, Macedonia continues to be perceived as a threat to Greek …

Arbitration And Antitrust: Navigating The Contours Of Mandatory Law, Charles H. Brower Ii

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Liberalization Of The Legal Services In Greece, Platon Gatsinos

Platon Gatsinos

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Karen Alter, The European Court's Power Selected Essays, Arthur Dyevre

Arthur Dyevre

No abstract provided.

Malpractice In Scandinavia, Vibe Ulfbeck, Mette Hartlev, Mårten Schultz

Chicago-Kent Law Review

The article describes the special Scandinavian patient insurance system which secures compensation for patients in malpractice cases. For all practical purposes, the insurance based systems have replaced ordinary tort law rules in malpractice cases in Scandinavia. Thus, the basic feature of these systems is that proof of fault is not a requirement for obtaining compensation. Other criteria which are more favourable to the patient are applicable. The article concludes that in general the compensations systems have been successful in making it easier for the patients to obtain compensation. However, the systems also face challenges, some of which stem from the …

Medical Malpractice: The Italian Experience, Claudia Dimarzo

Chicago-Kent Law Review

Beginning with an investigation into the problematic nature of medical liability, the Article overviews the most significant approaches taken by courts and scholars in order to establish whether the physician's position before the patient is comparable with that of either a tortfeasor or a contractor.

Having explained that the most recent approaches in this regard tend toward the recognition of the contractual nature of medical liability, the Author discusses the implications of such a solution, making specific reference to the following issues: 1) the assignment of the burden of proof (along with the distinction between obligations of means and obligations …

Medical Malpractice And Compensation In The Uk, Richard Goldberg

Chicago-Kent Law Review

In the first part of this paper, Dr. Goldberg examines the context in which medical malpractice liability is operating in the UK. The fact that the state-run National Health Service (NHS) is the major healthcare provider in the UK has several implications, since funding for medical malpractice compensation in the NHS comes from the taxpayer. The most recent empirical evidence on the incidence and funding of claims in England and Scotland is assessed, to show a trend of expenditure on clinical negligence increasing, particularly in England. This is followed by an examination of the statutory framework for the empowerment of …

Rethinking Merger Efficiencies, Daniel A. Crane

Articles

The two leading merger systems-those of the United States and the European Union-treat the potential benefits and risks of mergers asymmetrically. Both systems require considerably greater proof of efficiencies than they do of potential harms if the efficiencies are to offset concerns over the accumulation or exercise of market power The implicit asymmetry principle has important systemic effects for merger control. It not only stands in the way of some socially desirable mergers but also may indirectly facilitate the clearance of some socially undesirable mergers. Neither system explicitly justifies this asymmetry, and none of the plausible justifications are normatively supportable. …

Commentaire Du Livre De Jacques Chevallier « L'État Post-Moderne » (3Ème Édition), Javier Agudo

Javier Agudo

L'État moderne de Max WEBER, avec son culte à la raison et la primatie de l'individu, cesse le passage à l'État post-moderne : un ensemble de changements qui affectent aux éléments constitutifs de l'État, liés entre eux, indissociables des changements plus généraux, et qu'aboutissent à une configuration étatique nouvelle.

German Vat Compliance - Moving One Step Closer To Automated Third-Party Solutions, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

Recent developments in German VAT compliance, notably (a) the imposition of criminal penalties for failing to immediately amend a preliminary return that is known to be in error [Bundesgerichtshof decision of March 17, 2009, No. BGH 1 StR 342/08], when considered in tandem with (b) amendments to the voluntary disclosure rules, Gesetz zur Vebesserung der Bekämpfung von Geldwäsche und Steuerhinterziehung, it is clear that the German VAT compliance landscape has changed dramatically in the past year.

Taken as a whole, the German rules strongly encourage internal audits, self-reviews, and immediate self-disclosures of errors in previously filed returns and taxes paid. …

Trafficking In Europe: An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of European Law, Saadiya Chaudary

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Essay looks at the manifestation of various forms of human trafficking within Europe and analyzes the effectiveness of current European law provisions in combating trafficking and protecting victims. The Essay will accomplish this by examining recent and current cases before the European Court of Human Rights and the comparative gap between European standards and domestic procedures in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is a well-known destination state for trafficking victims' and consequently is required to meet obligations under international law toward a significant number of individuals who have been forced into exploitation in the United Kingdom.