Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Seg1 Controls Eisosome Assembly And Shape, Karen E. Moreira, Sebastian Schuck, Bianca Schrul, Florian Fröhlich, James B. Moseley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Eisosomes are stable domains at the plasma membrane of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and have been proposed to function in endocytosis. Eisosomes are composed of two main cytoplasmic proteins, Pil1 and Lsp1, that form a scaffold around furrow-like plasma membrane invaginations. We show here that the poorly characterized eisosome protein Seg1/Ymr086w is important for eisosome biogenesis and architecture. Seg1 was required for efficient incorporation of Pil1 into eisosomes and the generation of normal plasma membrane furrows. Seg1 preceded Pil1 during eisosome formation and established a platform for the assembly of other eisosome components. This platform was further shaped and …

Encounters With Witchcraft, Norman Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

My first experience with witchcraft in Africa occurred in March 1960 in Mombasa, Kenya, just as I stepped off the gangway of the MS Inchanga following a voyage from India. Next to the ship in a dockside kiosk I saw a newspaper with the headline, “European Geologist Attacked in Gogoland: Witchcraft Suspected.” It was the story of a 22-year-old British geologist, William Hanning, who had been prospecting for minerals in a remote part of nearby Tanzania when by mistake he dug into a burial ground. He was believed to be a witch, disguised as a European, out to steal body …

Which Providers Can Bridge The Health Literacy Gap In Lifestyle Risk Factor Modification Education: A Systematic Review And Narrative Synthesis, S Dennis, A Williams, J Taggart, A Newall, E Denny-Wilson, N Zwar, T Shortus, M Harris

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

Background: People with low health literacy may not have the capacity to self-manage their health and prevent the development of chronic disease through lifestyle risk factor modification. The aim of this narrative synthesis is to determine the effectiveness of primary healthcare providers in developing health literacy of patients to make SNAPW (smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and weight) lifestyle changes.

Methods: Studies were identified by searching Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute, Psychinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, APAIS, Australian Medical Index, Community of Science and Google Scholar from 1 January 1985 to 30 April 2009. Health literacy and …

Impaired Object Tracking In Children With Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Margarita H. Cabaral, Elliott A. Beaton, Joel Stoddard, Tony J. Simon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background:

Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) occurs in approximately 1:4,000 live births with a complex and variable presentation that includes medical, socioemotional and psychological symptoms with intellectual impairment. Cognitive impairments in spatiotemporal and visuospatial attention have also been reported. However, maintenance of selective attention to dynamic and interacting objects has not been systematically investigated in children with 22q11.2DS.

Methods:

We used a multiple object tracking task to assay capacity and resolution performance of children with 22q11.2DS aged 7 to 14 years versus age-matched typically developing (TD) peers.

Results:

Children with 22q11.2DS but not TD children demonstrated impaired performance when task …

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2011, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

2012 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Does Mucosal Or Serosal Side Approximation Affect The Efficacy Of Native Small Intestinal Submucosa Graft Repair Of Neurotmesis?, Ferro Nguyen

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

FDA approved, commercial, modified porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is utilized clinically for peripheral nerve repair. However, if measures can be put in place to insure its safety, native SIS prepared from locally available porcine resources would provide easy access to an inexpensive alternative. Both forms of this material lack antigenicity, have inherit properties which provides a favorable growth environment, and have been successfully used experimentally as a natural conduit in peripheral nerve repair. Successful recovery from a peripheral nerve injury is dependent on the efficiency and speed of axonal regeneration to the point of distal interruption of the nerve. …

Characterization Of A Hyperthermophilic Redox Protein, Rubredoxin, As A Potential Targeted Cancer Therapeutic, Siri Lakshmi Chirumamilla

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Cancer is an elusive neoplastic disease that claims the lives of many people around the world every year. Though treatments have become more specific to the different types of cancer, the need remains for antineoplastic drugs that target cancer cells and leave normal cells unharmed, with little to no systemic toxicity. The search for a targeted cancer therapeutic is necessary and urgent, and Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxin might be such a tool. Rubredoxin is a small (53 amino acids), water soluble, non-heme iron electron transfer protein that contains an iron atom cofactor bound by the sulfurs of four cysteine residues, which …

Fruit Of The Spirit: Next Steps, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

Overall, the chapters provide support for the notion that religious and spiritu al practices, behavior, and engagement are associated with improved psychological, physical, and community functioning and wellbeing. Religion and spirituality can make us better. The fruit of the spirit can result in a better quality of life. However, we must be mindful of the need for future quality research as well as the downside of religious engagement, too. Intolerance, rigidity, and in-group/out-group conflict can be problematic and create a situation in which tills type of religious engagement can lead to fruit that is not healthy but unhealthy. This fruit …

Is Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Of High-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) Patients More Effective In Preventing Future Relapses Of Disease And/ Or Mortality In Comparison With Chemotherapeutic Regimens Alone?, Patricia A. Ajizadeh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not allogeneic SCT of HR pediatric ALL patients is more effective in preventing future relapses of disease and/or mortality in comparison with chemotherapeutic regimens alone.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trial studies published between 1996 and the present.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trial studies were found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies evaluated the incidence of recurrent disease and/or mortality in high-risk pediatric ALL patients. These outcomes were analyzed according to the following categories: duration of event-free survival …

Are Anti Depressants Effective In The Treatment Of Depressed Patients Who Do Not Seek Psychotherapy?, Joseph D. Mcgluinness

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not anti depressants are effective in the treatment of depressed patients who do not seek psychotherapy.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of all English language primary randomized controlled trials published from 2000-2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials were found using OVID, Medline, EbscoHost, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three trials measured the change in the severity of depression symptoms using different outcomes: The Montgomery Asburg Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Scale.

RESULTS: Hermens et al. found that the use of …

Are Probiotics Safe And Effective In Reducing The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Hiv-Positive Individuals?, Christina K. Horvath

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not probiotics are safe and effective in reducing the incidence of diarrhea in HIV-positive individuals.

Study Design: Systematic review of three English language primary studies, published in 1998, 2007, and 2008.

Data Sources: Three double-blind, randomized, controlled trials published after 1996, comparing administration of probiotics with placebo, were obtained using EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Cochrane databases.

Outcomes Measured: Frequency and consistency of stools. Daily or weekly questionnaires allowed subjects to report perceived severity of symptoms using scales containing descriptive words and figures with corresponding numeric values. Subjects were …

Are Naltrexone Implants More Effective Than Oral Drug And/Or Behavioral Therapy At Reducing Heroin Use In Recovering Heroin Dependent Adults?, Amy K. Makl

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not a naltrexone implant is more effective than oral drug therapy and/or behavioral therapy at reducing heroin use in recovering heroin dependent adults.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published from 2007 to 2010.

DATA SOURCE: Three randomized controlled trails comparing naltrexone implants to oral naltrexone, methadone, and usual aftercare found using Ovid, Pub med and Cochrane databases

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcomes measured by all three studies all three articles measured frequency of heroin use by self report

RESULTS: Hulse et …

Do Antidepressants Improve The Quality Of Life And Decrease The Severity Of Symptoms In Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome?, Courtney E. Houde

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the use of antidepressants improves the quality of life and decreases the severity of symptoms in patients with IBS.

Study Design: Review of three English language, double-blind, randomized controlled trials published in 2009.

Data sources: Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of three different antidepressants to a controlled placebo were found on PubMed, OVID and the Cochrane database.

Outcome(s) Measured: Primary end point was overall bowel symptom score at the end of twelve weeks. Secondary end points include individual BSS for each irritable bowel syndrome subset, …

Do Inhaled Corticosteroids Cause An Increased Risk For Developing Or Worsening A Patient’S Diabetes Mellitus?, Jarrod R. Luttjohann

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) cause an increased risk for developing or worsening a patient’s diabetes mellitus (DM).

STUDY DESIGN Review of three English language primary studies published in 1993, 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES A nested case-control analysis, a randomized control trial and a prospective randomized, doubleblind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation comparing the onset and/or progression of diabetes mellitus in patients using ICS were found using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED Incidence or progression of diabetes was measured using a combination of oral glucose …

Does Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Provide Better Outcomes Than Microfracture In The Repair Of Articular Knee Defects?, Jazmyn Manzouri

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation is more effective than microfracture in the repair of articular knee defects.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials comparing Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Microfracture found using PubMed, MedLine and Cochrane Database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Clinical outcome measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The primary measure of outcome was evaluated using the KOOS questionnaire with subdomains of ADL’s, pain, symptoms, stiffness and quality of life. KOOS data was …

Does Dasatinib Improve Outcomes And Tolerability In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia As Compared To Imatinib?, Brian Merusi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not dasatinib improves outcomes and tolerability in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia as compared to imatinib.

Study Design: Review of three English language, non-blinded randomized controlled trials from 2009, 2010, and 2010.

Data Sources: Randomized, controlled, non-blinded clinical trials comparing dasatinib to imatinib or comparing dasatinib once daily vs dasatinib twice daily, found using the PubMed database.

Outcomes measured: Overall survival and progression-free survival were measured at one and two years after initiation of therapy. Safety profiles and incidence of adverse effects were also measured. This is …

Does Exercise Alleviate The Symptoms Of Postpartum Depression?, Sioban L. Kane

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not exercise alleviates the symptoms of postpartum depression.

STUDY DESIGN: This review consists of 2 randomized control trials, published in 2009 and 2010, and one cohort study published in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Sources were studies comparing aerobic exercise to groups who performed no exercise which were found via Pubmed, MEDLINE, Ovid and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three articles measured various outcomes: Psychological well being, depressive symptoms and hospital admission or medication due to postpartum depressive symptoms which were measured through phone interviews and surveys. The Hamilton …

Does Pre-Hospital Therapeutic Hypothermia Improve The Functional And Survival Status Of Patients Post Cardiac Arrest?, Stephanie Corsi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not prehospital therapeutic hypothermia improves the functional and survival status of post cardiac arrest patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, two of which were published in 2007 and one in 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, controlled, clinical trials and one cohort study comparing pre-hospital therapeutic hypothermia to induction of therapeutic hypothermia upon hospital admission, and to standard normothermic post cardiac arrest care. All were found using Medline, OVID, and Cochrane Systematic databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: An outcome measured was functional status at hospital discharge, …

Is Deep Brain Stimulation (Dbs) An Effective Treatment For Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Ocd) In Adults?, Kate M. Luczyszyn

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Abstract not available.

Is Pilates An Effective Treatment For Improving Functional Disability And Pain In Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain?, Koren V. Fleming

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is Pilates an effective treatment for improving functional disability and pain in patients with nonspecific low back pain?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, two of which were published in 2006 and the other in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three single-blind randomized control trials comparing the Pilates method of treatment to a control group that did not receive Pilates intervention were found using PubMed and EBSCOhost databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the studies had patients participate in Pilates sessions for six to seven weeks. …

Does Levothyroxine Improve Exercise Capacity In Patients With Thyroid Disease?, Kathryn J. Hegener

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not levothyroxine improves exercise capacity in patients with thyroid disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals in 2000, 2005, and 2009

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized control trials and one clinical trial comparing leveothyroxine to euthryroid were found using Medline, and PubMed databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies measured heart rate and blood pressure before during, and after exercise in patients to determine the effect levothyroxine has on both heart rate and blood pressure

RESULTS: One RCT found that …

Does The Use Of Ginger Extract Effectively Help Patient With Obesity Loses Weight?, Linh H. Nguyen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not ginger extract (NT) effectively helps obese patient loses weight.

Study Design: Two randomized controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of ginger extract in weight loss and a cross sectional observational study.

Data Sources: Randomized controlled studies published after 2006 relating to ginger extract (NT) and weight loss. Data obtained using PubMed, CINAHL, and OVID databases written in English.

Outcomes Measured: Studies measured weight loss, food intake, and safety such as pulses and blood pressure. Subjects are evaluated at baseline with CMP, CBC and urinalysis weekly.

Results: …

Does The Use Of An Oral Lipase Inhibitor (Orlistat) Increase Appetite?, Sandra Boyd

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not Orlistat ingested prior to a meal causes an increased appetite response.

STUDY DESIGN: A Review of three randomized controlled trials studies from 2003-2008 that were in the English language.

DATA RESOURCES: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of Orlistat on satiety were found using PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane databases.

OUTOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured in the studies were: sensation of appetite, hunger, fullness, nausea, bloating, heartburn, belching, epigastric burning, and prospective food consumption. Each study measured individual patient responses using a VAS (visual analogue scale). Demarchi et al (2004) used a gastric barostat to measure …

Is Intravenous Ramosetron 0.3 Mg Effective In The Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Women Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery?, Keith S. Elsner

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg is effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary research articles published later than 1995.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trials comparing intravenous ramosetron to placebo or other control groups were identified using Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Measured outcomes include a complete response to the intervention within the first 24-48 hours, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, need for rescue antiemetic, …

Does Whole Body Vibration (Wbv) Therapy Positively Affect The Motor Skills Of Patients Who Have Been Diagnosed With Parkinson’S Disease?, Courtney Forsyth

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether Whole Body Vibration (WBV) therapy positively affects the motor skills of patients who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of 3 English language primary studies. All three were randomized control trials; one was rater blinded and one double blinded with a placebo.

DATA SOURCES: All of the articles were Randomized Control Trials found using the PubMed database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies looked at the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease patients before and after Whole Body Vibration Therapy. Each study used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease …

Does Tadalafil Improve Exercise Capacitance In Patients Over 12 Years Old With Pulmonary Hypertension?, Erin Chesnavich

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not the oral Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Tadalafil improves exercise capacitance in those over 12 years with pulmonary hypertension.

Study Design: Review of three primary research materials published in English language in 2009. Data Sources: Randomized, controlled, double blind clinical trials found using PubMed, OVID and COCHRANE databases.

Outcome measured: Trials measured 6-minute walking distance and health related quality of life measurements which included: SF-36 (a measure of self reported health status), and the EQ-5D (a patient reported health related quality of life measure), WHO functional class, clinical worsening, and …

In Adult Patients With Acute Pyelonephritis, Is Levofloxacin A More Effective Treatment Than Ciprofloxacin?, Gabrielle V. Krekstein

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not levofloxacin is a more effective treatment than ciprofloxacin in adult patients with Acute Pyelonephritis (AP).

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary double-blind randomized controlled trial studies comparing levofloxacin to ciprofloxacin for the treatment of AP in adults.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled double-blind comparative trials were found using Cochrane, PubMed, and Science Direct databases.

OUTCOME MEASURED: All studies measured three outcomes: microbiologic eradication, clinical response, and safety and tolerability of the medication. Microbiologic eradication was measured by urine culture which demonstrated a reduction of pathogens to/mL. …

Does The Use Of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid, In Combination With Chemotherapy Regimens, Arrest The Development And Spread Of Cancer Cells To Increase Disease-Free Survival In Breast Cancer Patients?, Dara Colasurdo

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does the use of intravenous zoledronic acid, in combination with chemotherapy regimens, arrest the development and spread of cancer cells to increase disease-free survival in breast cancer patients.“

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trials published between 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials and open label, randomized, phase 2 trial comparing the use of zoledronic acid in combination with chemotherapy to the use of chemotherapy alone were found using Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Databases

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured were incidence …

Is 1.25 Mg Oral Fingolimod Effective In Reducing Relapses In Adults With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis?, Caitlin M. Cook

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not is 1.25 mg oral fingolimod effective in reducing relapses in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published between 2006 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials comparing daily 1.25 mg oral fingolimod to either identical placebo capsules or weekly intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy were found using Pubmed and Cochrane Databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Annualized relapse rate was assessed in all studies. Relapses were confirmed by neurologists and assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to evaluate worsening …