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Articles 1 - 30 of 975
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Biology Through The Lens Of Trauma: An Empirical Review Of Trauma Treatments, Adela Gharabeki
Biology Through The Lens Of Trauma: An Empirical Review Of Trauma Treatments, Adela Gharabeki
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The present literature review aims at mending the research to practice gap for the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Biological mechanisms of the stress response system are explored as they pertain to trauma and its subsequent effects on the brain and body. In addition, American Psychological Association (APA) recommended evidence-based treatments for PTSD are reviewed as well as more recent emerging somatic therapies. There is a critical need for further development in the area of both topdown and bottom-up interventions. Biological working mechanisms remain unknown for a majority of treatments and physiological measures are scarcely used in treatment outcome …
Decolonizing Psychotherapy, Nicole D. Taylor
Decolonizing Psychotherapy, Nicole D. Taylor
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This project aims to increase the use and inclusivity of mental health services within marginalized communities by providing education and training tools on the use and application of integrative mental health approaches. It is an offering of guidance, providing a culturally responsive framework for integrating yoga into psychotherapy. The manual aims to reduce systemic, colonialist, barriers to mental health services. This project is founded on the basis that mono-cultural foundations in traditional psychotherapeutic treatments negatively impact the attitudes and beliefs of service seekers, typically within excluded groups. Systems Theory and Critical Race Theory and Social Justice principles inform the application …
Pathways For Healing: An Online Therapeutic Support Group Program, Lisa Yvette Salazar
Pathways For Healing: An Online Therapeutic Support Group Program, Lisa Yvette Salazar
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Pathways for Healing: An Online Therapeutic Support Group Program (OTSG) is for women, ages 18 to 65 years old, diagnosed with chronic pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). The program focuses on women living in Texas rural communities with limited access to mental health providers. The aim for this study is to determine if an OTSG program, utilizing narrative therapy (NT) within a biopsychosocial-spiritual lens (BPS-S) will improve overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Support groups are provided in English and Spanish, over the course of 12 weeks, facilitated by a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) and licensed pelvic floor physical …
Program Evaluation Of The Mend Program In Its Application Of Working With Adult Pnes Patients, Ashley Park
Program Evaluation Of The Mend Program In Its Application Of Working With Adult Pnes Patients, Ashley Park
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This study is a program evaluation of a family systems program, MEND and its application of working with patients who have Psychogenic Non Epileptic Seizures, otherwise known as PNES. This study evaluates PNES patients who have completed MEND focusing and comparing outcome measures like health related quality of life (HRQL), emergency room visits, and medications with PNES patients who have not done MEND. Results suggest that MEND improved PNES symptoms and overall HRQL.
Combined Treatment Model Program For Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Hillary Jeanne May
Combined Treatment Model Program For Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Hillary Jeanne May
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This project seeks to fill a void in the mental health field by providing a combined treatment model program to address the needs of survivors of intimate partner violence. As such, the primary purpose of this project is the development of a treatment program with services that are easily accessible by survivors that is intended for future implementation in shelters or agencies that have contact with this population of women. This program offers a means to engage an underserved population in access to services and self-development to improve overall mental and physical health outcomes and attempt to prevent recurrent intimate …
An Intervention Program For Adult Female Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Camille Sauder
An Intervention Program For Adult Female Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Camille Sauder
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) has been linked to adverse impacts within the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual (BPSS) domains of adult female survivors’ lives (Fergusson et al., 2013). The impact of CSA within each of these domains may contribute to long-term trauma symptoms that impact multiple areas of life including symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that underlie dysfunction within intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. Programs that have been designed to holistically treat this population lack interventions that target each of the BPSS domains with a structured, cohesive approach that assess the survivor’s readiness based on level of current trauma symptoms. …
A Comparison Of Heat Generated Between Carbide And Diamond Bur During Implantoplasty, Bryce Chun
A Comparison Of Heat Generated Between Carbide And Diamond Bur During Implantoplasty, Bryce Chun
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate heat generated during the implantoplasty procedure by comparing the heat generated using either a carbide or diamond round bur. Materials and Methods: Bovine ribs were selected as the osseous model for this study. Changes in temperature were measured using a digital thermometer (Extech SDL200 four channel thermometer, Extech instruments, Melrose MA). Ther k-thermocouples were positioned within the implant screw access, apex of the implant, and crestal bone adjacent to the implant and ambient air. 5 bovine rib bone blocks were prepared by place 5 cylindrical titanium grade 5 alloy large grit sand blasted …
Examining The Need For Psychosocial Services In Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma, Samantha Nicole O'Bannon
Examining The Need For Psychosocial Services In Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma, Samantha Nicole O'Bannon
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Child abuse is a significant issue within our society. In 2014, there were a reported 702,208 cases of child abuse and neglect across the country, with nearly 120,000 suffering from physical abuse. Research has shown the adverse physical and psychological consequences of child maltreatment. Despite what we know about the benefits of early intervention for this population, the degree of implementation of psychosocial interventions, specifically in a hospital setting, remains unclear. In an initial study that utilized archival data from the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital (LLUCH) Trauma Registry Database, researchers found that the majority of children admitted to the …
A Novel Exo-Proteomic Approach To The Study Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Ron B. Moyron
A Novel Exo-Proteomic Approach To The Study Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Ron B. Moyron
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Concussions and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are significant health concerns and affect a wide cross section of society. Current diagnostic criteria and modalities, such as brain imaging and subjective measures of consciousness such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, are insufficient to properly diagnose the full spectrum of head injuries. Assessment of injury severity and outcome are further complicated by the vast array of symptoms, many of which mimic those displayed by other disorders. It is important to possess a better diagnostic tool for head injury triage and outcome prediction. One current line of inquiry seeks to discover a …
Neuroprotective Functions Of Docosahexaenoic Acid And Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein, Manuel Luis Montero
Neuroprotective Functions Of Docosahexaenoic Acid And Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein, Manuel Luis Montero
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Lipotoxicity (LTx) is involved in mostly every process of neuronal injury. Using NGFDPC12 cells we show that palmitic acid (PA) induces the expression of stress response genes HIF-1α and BNIP3, increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and decreases cell viability by apoptosis. Inhibition of cathepsins does not rescue neurons from PA-LTx but inhibition of necroptosis and promotion of autophagy do. DHA decreases the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 and rescues PA-induced cell death by inhibiting apoptosis and necroptosis. Besides DHA stimulates the mRNA expression, phosphorylation and conjugation of autophagy controlling proteins. Inhibiting autophagy during DHA treatment decreases its capacity …
Estimating Root Volumes By Limited Segmentation: A Volumetric Analysis Of Cbct And Micro-Ct Data, Theresa C. Baldwin
Estimating Root Volumes By Limited Segmentation: A Volumetric Analysis Of Cbct And Micro-Ct Data, Theresa C. Baldwin
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Introduction: The increased dimensional accuracy of images provided by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans allows for more in-depth diagnosis and treatment planning. Expedient interpolation of segmented data that provides clinically acceptable results will encourage clinicians to frequently use CBCT images for clinical/radiographic evaluation. Some of these applications include, quantification of root resorption, determination of force required for specific tooth movements, and customized appliances. Purpose: The study had two purposes. The first was to compare the accuracy of digital tooth volumes acquired from CBCT to the gold standard, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The second was to determine the effect of axial …
Effect Of Centric Interference On Canine Tooth Wear, Andrey Gaiduchik
Effect Of Centric Interference On Canine Tooth Wear, Andrey Gaiduchik
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the long term effect of a centric interference on canine tooth wear (CTW) and on centric occlusion (CO) and maximal intercuspation (MIP) variance. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects, 11 males and 19 females, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Changes in enamel volume were studied between the end of orthodontic treatment (T2) and at least seven years post treatment (T4). All models were scanned using a high resolution desktop scanner, (OrthoInsight 3D Scanner™, MotionView LLC). T4 models were articulated using a Panadent® Articulator and evaluated for dental interferences and …
The Relationship Between Psychotherapist Personality And Therapeutic Alliance, Michael Finlay
The Relationship Between Psychotherapist Personality And Therapeutic Alliance, Michael Finlay
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Time-limited effective psychotherapy is a topic that is frequently addressed in clinical therapy research. Though a wide range of therapeutic factors, expectancy effects, techniques, and extratherapeutic have all been demonstrated to be related to outcome, researchers have consistently identified the therapeutic alliance as one of the strongest factors in predicting psychotherapy outcomes. Researchers are beginning to measure the effectiveness of therapy by evaluating improvements in outcome measures, and client reported therapeutic alliance. Researchers have recently began investigating the common personality profiles among psychotherapists, and have hypothesized that there is a relationship between psychotherapist personality and therapeutic alliance. The goal of …
Healthy Aging: Factors That Predict Preservation Of Cognitive Functioning In Older Adults, Imari-Ashley F. Palma
Healthy Aging: Factors That Predict Preservation Of Cognitive Functioning In Older Adults, Imari-Ashley F. Palma
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
As the human race continues to defy chronological aging in due part to medical advancements, an overarching goal for the older adult population and researchers is to determine how to promote aging well. Cognitive functioning is a heavily researched area due to the exponentially increasing number of older adults experiencing cognitive decline. Preservation of cognitive functioning is one aspect of aging well. Three domains of cognition that have shown to be particularly sensitive to the effects of aging are memory, executive functioning, and processing speed. The aims of this current study are: (i) to provide supporting evidence for research that …
In-Vitro Evaluation Of Accuracy Of Conventional And Cad/Cam Removable Partial Denture Frameworks, Pooya Soltanzadeh
In-Vitro Evaluation Of Accuracy Of Conventional And Cad/Cam Removable Partial Denture Frameworks, Pooya Soltanzadeh
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology is gaining popularity in dentistry, and more recently, to fabricate removable partial dentures (RPD). The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate the overall accuracy and fit of conventional versus CAD/CAM fabricated printed RPD frameworks based on STL data analysis, and 2) to evaluate the accuracy and fit of each component of the RPD framework. Materials and Methods: A maxillary metal framework was designed for a Kennedy class III modification I situation. The master model was scanned and used to compare the fit and accuracy of the RPD frameworks. A total of 40 …
Rna-Seq Reveals Transcriptomic Program Associated With Stemness In Taxane Resistant Prostate Cancer, Christina K. Cajigas-Du Ross
Rna-Seq Reveals Transcriptomic Program Associated With Stemness In Taxane Resistant Prostate Cancer, Christina K. Cajigas-Du Ross
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
There is no cure for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and taxane chemotherapy is the only treatment option once other therapies have failed. However, this is problematic since all patients eventually develop chemoresistance. Emerging treatments for advanced PCa have shown promise at the benchside, but clinical trials have not resulted in newly approved drugs due in part to redundant survival pathways utilized by prostate tumor cells to maintain therapy-resistance. Using RNAsequencing—an innovative approach for quantifying gene expression changes—this dissertation sought to elucidate chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways as a catalyst to develop new therapeutic targets. Results revealed a differential upregulation of stemness-associated genes …
Reliability And Accuracy Of A Novel Photogrammetric Orthodontic Monitoring System, Vahe Ohanesian
Reliability And Accuracy Of A Novel Photogrammetric Orthodontic Monitoring System, Vahe Ohanesian
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: This study quantitatively investigated the reliability and accuracy of Dental Monitoring’sTM proprietary orthodontic tracking system in comparison to an established reference. Materials and Methods: Intraoral scans (True Definition Scanner, 3MTM) and video scans (iPhone 7, AppleTM) were taken of 30 subjects undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment at Loma Linda University’s Graduate Orthodontic Clinic at T1 (initial) and T2 (3 months later). At each time point, an intraoral scan was taken by the operator followed by three video scans- two taken by the patient and one by the operator. Three linear and three angular measurements were analyzed using Dental Monitoring’sTM tracking …
Measuring A Sample Of Orthodontic Models/Panographs At Llusd Using The Cr-Eval, Jonathan Michael Drew
Measuring A Sample Of Orthodontic Models/Panographs At Llusd Using The Cr-Eval, Jonathan Michael Drew
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Introduction: An index must be used to quantify the improvement in the position of teeth treated by orthodontics. The Cast-Radiograph Evaluation is the index used by the American Board of Orthodontics. The purpose of this study is to use this index to evaluate treatment outcomes in the graduate orthodontic clinic at Loma Linda University from 2012-2016. Materials and Methods: Patients included were comprehensively treated, debonded between 1/1/2012 and 12/31/2016, and under age 30. A total of 80 patients were randomly selected, with 16 coming from each year. The ABO DI was used to score the T1 models, and the CR-Eval …
An Empirical Examination Of Doctoral Training Models In Clinical Psychology In The United States, Katherine E. Dautenhahn
An Empirical Examination Of Doctoral Training Models In Clinical Psychology In The United States, Katherine E. Dautenhahn
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Since as early as 1908, psychology as a discipline has grappled with how to integrate research and practice into the field’s professional identity. To further define the area of expertise of a psychologist, three main models of clinical training have been proposed: the scientist-practitioner model, the practitioner-scholar model, and the clinical scientist model. Despite clinical psychology’s universal claim for empirical moorings, the debate about the foundation of training in clinical psychology has remained primarily theoretical. The purpose of this study is to expand upon the limited research exploring the differences between training models to empirically determine which factors significantly predicted …
Aminoflavone Inhibits Α6-Integrin And Growth Of Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Cancer, Petreena S. Campbell
Aminoflavone Inhibits Α6-Integrin And Growth Of Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Cancer, Petreena S. Campbell
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Approximately 40% of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients develop resistance to standard of care agent tamoxifen, while ER negative (ER-) breast cancer patients are intrinsically resistant to tamoxifen. Resistance often promotes metastasis, recurrence and death. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) represent key contributors to resistance and adhesion protein α6-integrin is a putative TIC biomarker. Investigational agent Aminoflavone (AF) demonstrates efficacy against breast cancer cells irrespective of ER status. Interestingly, we found tamoxifen resistant (TamR) cells and tumors exhibited elevated α6-integrin expression in comparison to their tamoxifen sensitive counterparts. AF effectively disrupted mammospheres enriched for TICs and reduced α6-integrin levels in …
A Retrospective Cephalometric Growth Study Of Sagittal Airway In Skeletal Class Ii Patients, Sue V. Kim
A Retrospective Cephalometric Growth Study Of Sagittal Airway In Skeletal Class Ii Patients, Sue V. Kim
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: The study retrospectively determined the average sagittal pharyngeal airway widths in Class II males and females between 7 to 16 years of age and changes in sagittal airway with increasing age. Additionally, this study determined whether average airway differs between gender at each age and compared the average airway widths in relation to increasing age between Class I and II patients. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal cephalograms were digitally traced for 38 untreated subjects (23 males, 15 females) from age 7 to 16 with skeletal and dental Class II patterns. These records were previously taken through growth studies conducted between …
Accuracy Of Cephalometric Analyses And Tooth Movements Of Conventional Vs Cbct-Generated Cephalograms, Thanh Khong Ng
Accuracy Of Cephalometric Analyses And Tooth Movements Of Conventional Vs Cbct-Generated Cephalograms, Thanh Khong Ng
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare Ricketts and American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) cephalometric measurements and tooth movements from tracings between conventional lateral cephalograms (Sirona Orthophos XG Plus, Charlotte, NC) and CBCT-generated cephalograms (NewTom 5G; QR srl, Verona, Italy). Materials and Methods: Patients who had bilateral Angle’s class II molar were evaluated. Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) conventional lateral cephalograms (CLCs) and CBCT-generated lateral cephalograms (CBLCs) were traced in Quick Ceph Studio using Ricketts and ABO cephalometric analyses. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements from tracings were compared between the two radiographic modalities using one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank …
The Wear Of Acrylic Resin And Composite Resin Teeth Against Polished And Glazed Zirconia, Abdulkareem Alshehri
The Wear Of Acrylic Resin And Composite Resin Teeth Against Polished And Glazed Zirconia, Abdulkareem Alshehri
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Background: Excessive wear for the occlusal surfaces of teeth results in decreased masticatory efficiency, poor esthetics and leads to reduced the occlusal vertical dimension which could lead to the development of temporomandibular disorders, consequently, further compromise function. Very few studies have been performed on the wear resistance of zirconia against artificial denture teeth and human enamel. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of polished zirconia (PZ) and glazed zirconia (GZ) on the 2-body wear resistance (vertical substance loss) of seven commercially available denture teeth made of different resins. Material and Method: Eight groups (n=10) of …
Microgravity Exerts An Age-Dependent Effect On Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Development, Jonathan Baio
Microgravity Exerts An Age-Dependent Effect On Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Development, Jonathan Baio
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The heart and its cellular components are profoundly altered by missions to space and injury on Earth. Increasing evidence has identified that one such alteration induced by spaceflight is the promotion of the efficacious use of stem cells in therapies on Earth. For this reason, neonatal and adult human cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) were cultured aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Subsequently, we assessed the effects of mechanical unloading on developmental properties and signaling. Spaceflight induced the expression of genes that are typically associated with an earlier state of cardiovascular development. In particular, in neonatal CPCs, we measured increased expression …
Effect Of High Antioxidant Cacao Consumption On Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Amy Sadek
Effect Of High Antioxidant Cacao Consumption On Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Amy Sadek
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
BACKGROUND- Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate a physiological imbalance between free radicals, resulting from oxidative stress, and antioxidants. Oxidative stress is linked to the pathogenesis of this neurocognitive disorder. The objectives of this pilot feasibility study: 1) to examine the effect of consumption of high concentration antioxidant cacao on behavior of children as perceived by the child’s teacher and 2) as perceived by the child’s parent. METHODS- This clinical trial was a prospective experimental study. Participants consumed 8 squares (or 16 grams) per day of the dark chocolate which had a concentration of 70% cacao and 30% organic …
Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised In Asian Americans, Dean Lim
Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised In Asian Americans, Dean Lim
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Prior research has indicated that the prevalence of eating disorders, which are recognized as one of most lethal psychological disorders with an approximately 20% mortality rate, are increasing among Asian Americans with rates comparable to those of the general population in the United States. However, research has also suggested that Asian Americans may not be fully reporting symptoms related to eating disorders because of sociocultural stigma and the desire to uphold cultural values, such as interdependence, harmony within the community, humility, and emotional restraint. The SATAQ-4R is a widely-used measure of sociocultural influences on body image and eating disturbance, which …
Neurocognitive And Psychosocial Effects Of Repeated Concussions In Children And Adolescents, Shina Halavi
Neurocognitive And Psychosocial Effects Of Repeated Concussions In Children And Adolescents, Shina Halavi
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
In the United States, an estimated 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually. About 75% of these TBIs are mild, which are referred to as “concussions.” This study assessed the neurocognitive and psychosocial effects of repeated concussions in children and adolescents and their interactions with age and gender. It also assessed the correlation between psychosocial functioning and neurocognitive functioning. Given the paucity of research on the effects of concussion in the developing brain, the current study characterized the neurocognitive and psychosocial effects of concussion in young populations. The overarching hypothesis stated that repeated concussions would induce more …
Effects Of Omega-3s And Vitamin E Prophylactic Diets And The Implications Of Lipid Transport In Spinal Cord Injury, Kathia Cordero-Caban
Effects Of Omega-3s And Vitamin E Prophylactic Diets And The Implications Of Lipid Transport In Spinal Cord Injury, Kathia Cordero-Caban
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) presents a devastating problem to our society. Although current interventions are promising, no effective treatments are available. The neural membrane fatty acid composition is markedly altered during the first few days after spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI results in autonomic dysfunction, paralysis, spasticity, and significant chronic neuropathic pain. The trauma leads to significantly increased levels of free radical and oxidative stress that contribute to obstructing tissue healing and recovery. A growing body of evidence shows that administration of hydrophobic molecules such as Vitamin E and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFAs) are …
The Role Of Wnt3a In Ischemic Stroke, Nathanael Matei
The Role Of Wnt3a In Ischemic Stroke, Nathanael Matei
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
After ischemic stroke, apoptosis of neurons is a primary factor in determining outcome. Wnt3a is a naturally occurring protein that has been shown to have protective effects in the brain for traumatic brain injury. Although wnt3a has been investigated in the phenomena of neurogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, it has never been investigated as a therapy for stroke. We hypothesized that the potential neuroprotective agent wnt3a would reduce infarction and improve behavior following ischemic stroke by attenuating neuronal apoptosis and promoting cell survival through the Frizzled-1/PIWI1a/FOXM1 pathway in MCAO rats. 229 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to male, female, and aged 9-month …
Gene Delivery Of Adenoviral-Tmbim6 Vector Protects The Neonatal Brain After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury, Desislava Doycheva
Gene Delivery Of Adenoviral-Tmbim6 Vector Protects The Neonatal Brain After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury, Desislava Doycheva
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) is an injury caused to the immature brain due to reduced cerebral blood flow which is associated with life-long neurological impairments. HI causes oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in ER stress. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), from cytochrome P450 members (CYP) and NADPH-P450 reductases (NPR), in combination with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are two major consequences of ER stress that cause oxidative damage and cell death. Herein we identified the role of Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionary conserved protein encoded by the Transmembrane Bax inhibitor Motif Containing …