Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of Social Support In Protecting Against Perinatal Depression Among Egyptian Women, Radwa Raafat Abdelshafi

Theses and Dissertations

Perinatal Depression (PND) is a global public health issue affecting many women as they transition to motherhood, and carrying detrimental consequences for both mothers and infants. Research in low and middle-income countries shows higher PND prevalence rates than in high-income and Western countries. In addition, social support has been shown to strongly protect or reduce the impact of PND. This study aimed to address a gap in research on PND in Egypt, and to build an understanding of the social support ecological system of new mothers. A survey was conducted with 81 first-time middle-class mothers living in Greater Cairo between …

Forgiveness Of Self And Others: A Group Approach To The Treatment Of Ptsd And Other Trauma Related Experiences, Jarrod A. Mask

Psychology Doctoral Specialization Projects

Forgiveness is often misinterpreted as the act of forgetting what happened or offering one’s offender the ability to redeem themselves for their wrongdoings. This is simply not the case. Rather, forgiveness is the process of the individual making the unprovoked choice to release their resentment in their own voyage towards living a free and happy life without being imprisoned from the emotions un-forgiveness produces. Forgiveness, as it may be a necessary process for the individual is to attain a sense of peaceful acceptance and liberation from their pain, is not an easy process. Providing a peer-based support system in the …

Implementation Of A Daily Engagement System Board (Desb) To Improve Hospital Staff Communication, Catherine Villanueva

Master's Projects and Capstones

Implementation of a Quality Improvement (QI) project to help improve staff communication between shifts at an Inpatient Acute Psychiatric Unit was determined to be of immense need. This unit is part of a large acute medical hospital. Currently, the end of shift report consists of a verbal report along with a robust printed end of shift report consisting of shift related information. This printed end of shift report can have as many as seven to nine pages thus causing information overload and decreases prioritized patient information. Furthermore, missed information or too much information can be provided in the verbal shift …

Pavlovian Conditioned-Reinforcer Training As A Means Of Reducing Impulsive Choice, Emma Visser

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Impulsive choice is associated with a host of human maladaptive behaviors warranting investigations aimed at reducing impulsive choice. Pavlovian conditioning was explored in 22 male Wistar rats. The experimental group was exposed to a stimulus that signaled a large delay-reduction to an food, whereas the control group experienced a stimulus that was controlled by a random schedule that did not predict food. Subsequently, a test of conditioned reinforcement was conducted, indicating a difference in conditioning between groups. Finally, a test of impulsive choice failed to find effects of training on impulsive choice.

A Trans-Theoretical Systematization Of Clinical Interventions Based On Dynamical Systems Research (Dsr), Giulio De Felice, David Pincus

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The scientific literature focused on the categorization of therapists’ interventions in clinical sessions, and their effects on patients, is not very extensive and often autoreferential. The most relevant findings clearly show the eclecticism of clinicians, grounding only 10–14% of their interventions on the specific theoretical approach to which they belong. Despite that, a trans-theoretical systematization of clinical interventions is lacking. The present work aims to verify the feasibility of a trans-theoretical categorization of clinical interventions based on Dynamical Systems Research in psychotherapy (DSR). For this purpose, the authors present the results of three literature reviews. The first sections of this …

Exploring The Impact Of Trauma Informed Care In Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Practice: A Holistic Approach To Healing, Sharon O. Obide

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This scholarly work seeks to establish the significance of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) in the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) practice to improve mental health results. Hence, TIC changes the paradigm from “What’s wrong with you?” to “What happened to you?” and recognizes the existence of trauma. This paper discusses how TIC can enhance patient communication, decrease patients’ Retraumatization, and enhance rapport with clinicians, resulting in improved outcomes for patients. The outlined project employs a quasi-experimental design and targets 50 PMHNPs in the University of Maryland Medical Center. The expected outcome involves the reduction of the symptoms of PTSD, enhanced …

Exploring The Barriers Colleges Face Implementing Positive Psychology Interventions To Reduce Depression, Anxiety, Or Stress In College Students, Margaret U. Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to understand the barriers that colleges face implementing positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to reduce depression, anxiety, or stress (DAS) in college students. The problem was the lack of utilizing PPIs to reduce DAS in college students, despite increased reports of symptoms among this population. Several research studies have supported the use of PPIs to reduce. DAS in college students. However, no prior research was identified regarding barriers to initiating these interventions. The three research questions that guided this study were fueled by previous empirical studies that revealed three barriers to implementing …

“It Is What It Is” – The Lived Experience Of Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Axillary Lymph Node Dissection, Eva Vikhe Patil, Anna Forsberg, Carina Wennerholm, Jenny Drott

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The lived experience of women undergoing axillary procedures as part of their breast cancer (BC) treatment remains unexplored. This lack of in-depth understanding could hamper implementation of person-centred care, which is concerning because BC is the most common form of cancer in women. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the lived experiences of women undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) due to BC.

Methods: Twelve women with a mean age of 59 years were interviewed about their lived experiences of axillary procedures as part of their BC treatment. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed …

Hell On Earth In Garth Nix’S Old Kingdom: Dark Jouissance And The Dead Mother, John Rosegrant

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

The Old Kingdom’s River of Death is a hell impinging on life: The Dead take hideous Boschian forms, and helped by necromancers wielding “Free Magic” they often emerge from Death. Necromancers, Free Magic, and the Dead are battled by Abhorsens wielding “Charter magic,” Free Magic that has been transformed by symbols. Immersion in the Charter gives a joyous experience of connection to all life. Symbolization must unite with Free Magic to create this experience; symbolization alone is inadequate, as we see in the example of mundanely rational people who dwell in a neighboring land. But the source of joyous access …

Rewiring Our Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Interventions: Triple Network Model, Immunology, Sex, And Pain Perception, Roberto Sandoval, Mary Lou A. Galantino

Oncology Rehabilitation in Practice

No abstract provided.

Consulta Compartilhada Como Dispositivo De Cuidado Integral Em Uma Clínica De Nutrição No Sul Do Brasil, Sueli Terezinha Bobato, Deivid Edson Nagel Chaves, Tiago Kraisch, Claiza Barretta La Bella, Ruan Duarte Strelow

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

No abstract provided.

Implicit Associations With Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Examination In A Clinical Sample By Borderline Personality Symptomatology, Stephanie Jarvi Steele, Nigel M. Jaffe, Claire A. Kelly, Thröstur Björgvinsson, Lance P. Swenson

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives We examine correlates and predictors for implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) with the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test (SI-IAT) in a treatment-seeking sample. We also examine group differences in the SI-IAT among those with low/none, moderate and high/clinically significant borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology in a treatment-seeking sample.

Methods Participants (N = 111; 58% female; 89% White; Mage = 30.25) completed the SI-IAT and self-report measures at two time points.

Results Higher BPD symptom scores were significantly, positively correlated with implicit identification with NSSI, and predicted NSSI identity when controlling for depression indices, history of NSSI and other covariates. …

Evaluating The Accuracy And Concordance Of The Dmind Ai Application With A Renowned Depression Assessment Tool In Thai Adults, Solaphat Hemrungrojn, Kittipoch Saengsai, Pasit Jakkrawankul, Chanyanart Kiattiporn-Opas, Kantapat Chaichareenon, Arisara Amrapala, Kulvara Lapanan, Titipat Achakulvisut, Peerapol Vateekul, Natawut Nupairoj, Phanupong Phutrakool, Rapinpat Yodlorchai, Narin Hiransuthikul, Sarunya Hengprapom

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: In Thailand, the high prevalence of depression, particularly in rural areas with limited mental health services, poses significant challenges. Advanced technologies like digital phenotyping and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Large Language Models (LLMs), offer promising solutions by analyzing digital data to detect early signs of depression.

Objective: This study evaluated the performance of the “Detection and Monitoring Intelligence Network of Depression (DMIND)” application, an AI-powered screening tool for detecting depression in Thai adults that analyzes behavioral data from participant responses using machine learning algorithms, such as NLP models and LLMs. The study aimed to …

Exploring The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation And Receptivity To Mhealth Interventions, Varun Mishra, Sarah Hong, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions aim to deliver the right type and amount of support at the right time. This involves determining a user's state of receptivity - the degree to which a user is willing to accept, process, and use the intervention. Although past work has found that users are more receptive to notifications they view as useful, there is no existing research on whether users' intrinsic motivation for the underlying topic of mHealth interventions affects their receptivity. To explore this, we conducted a study with 20 participants over three weeks, where participants interacted with a chatbot-based digital coach to receive …

Diagnostic Overshadowing: A Delayed Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In A Deaf Child, Quynh-Chi Dang, Michael Hoffman, Rachel St. John

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: Volume 9 Issue 1, pages 1-53

Diagnostic overshadowing occurs when a patient with a pre-existing diagnosis presents with symptoms that are attributed to the diagnosis, but actually reflect a separate issue. This diagnostic overshadowing can lead to delays in diagnosis, as well as disparities in health care and outcomes. The following case will provide an example in which diagnostic overshadowing contributed to the delay of an autism diagnosis in a child who is deaf. With at least 40 to 50% of children who are deaf or hard of hearing having at least one co-existing medical/developmental condition, and the current prevalence of autism at 1 in 36 …

A Brief Review Of Zuranolone, Aubrey A. Jackson

Transformative Medicine

Zuranolone, a novel analog of allopregnanolone, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first oral medication approved for the treatment of postpartum depression in adults. Developed by Sage Therapeutics under the brand name Zurzuvae, zuranolone was approved by the FDA on August 4^th, 2023.¹ Zuranolone is a modified version of brexanolone (sold under the brand name Zulpresso), an intravenously administered allopregnanolone formulation that was previously the only FDA-approved medication for postpartum depression. Zuranolone offers a more accessible treatment option for patients with efficacy established in clinical trials. Its approval expands the …

Emotional Overeating And Eating Motives During Covid-19 In Polish Women: Intergroup Comparison Among Participants In Various Body Mass Index Categories, Adriana Modrzejewska, Justyna Modrzejewska, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Julia Wyszomirska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Taking into account the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ac-companying lockdown resulting in increased negative emotions, it is interesting to learn about eating motives and behaviors and check their intensity. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between Polish women in various body mass index categories in terms of eating motives and emotional overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: This study sample comprised 1,447 women (M_age = 31.34 ± 11.05; M_BMI = 23.79 ± 4.59). The research used the following tools: the Eating Motivation Survey, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, and …

Perceived Anxiety Disorder Stigma: A Predictive Analysis, Shawn Nabors, Richard J. Cicchetti, Gary Michael Szirony, Craig R. Blum, Sri Banerjee

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Anxiety remains one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders. Systemic barriers to mental health treatment persist. Research on anxiety is robust, although research on perceived anxiety disorder stigma is limited. The purpose of this quantitative analysis was to determine whether factors including age, gender, level of education, and presence of a diagnosable anxiety disorder condition would predict perceived anxiety stigma in a population of adults from the Midwestern region of the United States who were in treatment for anxiety. Based on Goffman’s framework, we used the Generalized Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS) to determine the presence and level of …

Providing End-Of-Life Counseling: A Narrative Inquiry, Carol Hecht, Sibyl West

Adultspan Journal

This qualitative study aimed to address the gap in the research related to end-of-life counseling by exploring the experiences of counselors working with clients at end of life. While counseling literature and education are lacking regarding end of life, many counselors will work alongside clients approaching death. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to better understand the nuanced experiences of counselors providing end-of-life counseling and (b) to explore the supports and preparations helpful for counselors to provide end-of-life counseling. A narrative approach, using the Listening Guide (Gilligan, 2015), was employed to analyze and present the stories of three …

Considerations Of Medicare Telehealth Services With Older Adults, Sonah Kho, Amanda Dediego

Adultspan Journal

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion a rapid expansion of mental health services offered via telehealth. With this rapid expansion came the need to examine how policy and practice should be shaped in a future where telehealth is considered common in counseling practice. For counselors to understand how to support older adult clients in using telehealth services, they must understand telehealth policy. Following the eligibility of licensed counselors to participate in Medicare, counselors need to stay abreast of regulatory changes regarding restrictions and regulations on use of telehealth for mental and behavioral health services, including video and …

Association Of Right Ventricular Dysfunction With Risk Of Neurodevelopmental Impairment In Infants With Pulmonary Hypertension, Rossana Romero Orozco, Tazuddin Mohammed, Kerri Carter, Shaaron Brown, Stephen Miller, Roy Sabo, Meredith Campbell Joseph, Uyen Truong, Megha Nair, Victoria Anderson, Jie Xu, Judith Voynow, Karen Hendricks-Muñoz

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

(1) Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) increases pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular (RV) afterload. Assessment of RV systolic function in PH using RV fractional area change (RV FAC) as a marker directly correlates with mortality and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, few studies have assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes. We hypothesize that cardiac RV systolic dysfunction with lower RV FAC is associated with worse neurodevelopmental impairment (NI).

(2) Methods: Retrospective study of 42 subjects with PH to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes in the first two years of life based on (i) subjective assessment of RV systolic function and (ii) RV …

Sex-Dependent Gene Expression Alterations In Social Defeat Stress Model Of Major Depression Disorder, Juan Diego Torres, Javier Vargas Medrano, Anapaula Themann, Elias Arellano Villanueva, Nina Mourao, Megan W. Szobody, Tori Sayers, Sriya Gullapalli, Tyler Torres, Sridhar Srinivasan, Anesu Karen Murambadoro, Kory Deshawn Punch, Kevin Valdez Garcia, Nikhilesh Anand, Kelsey Baker, Sergio Iniguez, Bharathi Shrikanth Gadad

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, recurrent, and chronic disorder that represents a leading cause of disability worldwide. Millions are affected with symptoms that go from constant sadness to even suicidal thoughts. In the U.S., major depression and fatal suicide have increased by 57.4% among adolescents and young adults. Myelin and inflammation-related genes have been found to play a role in individuals with MDD.

Methods: Adolescent males and females C57BL/6 mice underwent a vicarious defeat stress (VDS) procedure in which a mouse witnessed a conspecific being defeated. VDS and control (CON) mice underwent the Social Interaction (SI) test. …

The Prevalence Of Depression And Anxiety In Patients With Metastatic Disease To The Spine, Caleb Yeung, Jeremy Heard, Yunsoo Lee, Michael Mccurdy, Rajkishen Narayanan, Samantha Kolowrat, Liam Gibbons, Tim Hagan, Jose A. Canseco, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alex R. Vaccaro, Gregory D. Schroeder, Christopher K. Kepler

Rothman Institute Faculty Papers

Introduction:

The prevalence of depression and anxiety in cancer patients is approximately 15% and 20%. Unfortunately, depression has been demonstrated to negatively impact patients after spinal fusion surgeries and is associated with worse overall survival in cancer patients. The rates of depression and anxiety have yet to be reported in patients with metastatic spine disease. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of depression and anxiety in patients with metastatic spine disease.

Materials and Methods:

Patients >18 years of age at our institution who presented with metastatic spinal disease between 2017 and 2022 were identified through query …

Interoception In Pregnancy: Implications For Peripartum Depression, Paul W. Savoca, Laura M. Glynn, Molly M. Fox, Misty C. Richards, Bridget L. Callaghan

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

"In this perspective piece, we propose a novel mechanistic framework for peripartum depression in which improved interoceptive functioning in pregnancy and postpartum typically protects against depressive symptoms, but when there is a failure to improve interoception, the result is an inability to maintain metabolic efficiency, which ultimately poses risk for depression. First, we will review an emerging theory that links the modeling and predictive regulation of metabolic resources as central to the expression of many depressive symptoms. Then, focusing on the period of pregnancy to articulate the framework, we will discuss the physiological changes induced by pregnancy that place an …

Physiological And Communicative Emotional Disconcordance In Children On The Autism Spectrum, Emma Finkel, Eric Sah, Mckenna Spaulding, John Herrington, Liza Tomczuk, Aaron Masino, Xueqin Pang, Anushua Bhattacharya, Darren Hedley, Yelena Kushleyeva, Phoebe Thomson, Natalie Doppelt, Jessica Tan, Jeffrey Pennington, Cheryl Dissanayake, Christopher Bonafide, Heather Nuske

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Individuals on the autism spectrum commonly have differences from non-autistic people in expressing their emotions using communicative behaviors, such as facial expressions. However, it is not yet clear if this reduced expressivity stems from reduced physiological reactivity in emotional contexts or if individuals react internally, but do not show these reactions externally to others. We hypothesized that autism is characterized by a discordance between in-the-moment internal psychophysiological arousal and external communicative expressions of emotion.

METHODS: Forty-one children on the autism spectrum and 39 non-autistic, typically developing (TD) children of two age groups (2-4 and 8-12 years) participated in a …

Burnout: Half A Century Of Controversy, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Burnout has become a focal point of concern in the contemporary workplace. The syndrome has elicited undiminished interest among occupational health specialists. The World Health Organization defines burnout as a syndrome "resulting from chronic workplace stress." Burnout is said to comprise three components: (i) feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; (ii) increased mental distance from one’s job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism toward one’s job; and (iii) a sense of ineffectiveness and lack of accomplishment. This definition mirrors the conceptualization of burnout embodied in the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the ‘gold standard’ for the assessment of burnout. However, controversies …

Correspondence To "A Preliminary Study Of Collaborative Group Intervention With Recovered Peer Supporters For Eating Disorders: Analyses Including Comparisons Between In-Person And Online Sessions", Nirjal Thapa, Don D Shamilov, David F Lo

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

We read with pleasure the article by Mochizuki et al., ¹ titled “A preliminary study of collaborative group intervention with recovered peer supporters for eating disorders: Analyses including comparisons between in‐person and online sessions.” We would like to offer additional commentary on the conclusions regarding group intervention and peer support and its heavy influence on combating eating disorders. We hope these perspectives may provide insight into areas that may require further research and improvement.

Reclaiming Healing Spaces: A Phenomenological Study On The Transformative Power Of Outdoor Therapy From The Lived Experiences Of Black Clinicians Working With Black Clients, Lynn Murphy

Dissertations

This phenomenological study involved assessing the experiences of Black therapists who engaged Black clients in outdoor therapeutic contexts. The study was founded on the existing literature that shows the quality of the therapeutic relationship is pivotal for client retention and the Western standards that have historically favored treatment within indoor environments. To contextualize this research, a comprehensive literature review was commenced, covering topics such as the decolonization of therapy, the historical and present-day relationship between Blacks and the outdoors in the United States, sedentary lifestyles, the psychological benefits of time spent in nature, various types of outdoor therapy, and the …

Avoiding The Pitfalls Of The Dsm-5: A Primer For Health Professionals, Darren Haywood, David J. Castle, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5), is the leading system guiding the diagnosis of mental disorders. Accurate diagnoses of mental disorders are fundamental to guiding treatment and supportive care and have potential impacts on resources available to individuals. However, the DSM has the allure of ‘tick box’ diagnosis rather than biopsychosocial formulation and treatment planning, as well as multiple limitations impacting validity. Further, even with accurate diagnosis, there are strong concerns related to the reliability and validity of DSM diagnoses for clinical practice and research efforts. Understanding these limitations can help reduce errors and sub-optimal clinical decisions, …

Current Practices Of Physiotherapists In Implementing Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy In Chronic Pain Management: A Scoping Review, Eunice J. Garces, John Marco L. Recio, Viviana Patricia D. Rios, Janine Patricia Sadiz, Anna Barbara N. Sanchez

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

Introduction: This study is a scoping review of the current practices in implementing Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy (PIPT) in chronic pain management. A fundamental shift of physiotherapy practice from the traditional approach of biomedical to a biopsychosocial approach has acquired recognition indicating a more comprehensive approach to addressing the complexity of the physiotherapy profession. Thus, the primary objective of this scoping review is to identify and map current data on physiotherapists’ current practices in implementing PIPT in chronic pain management, and its secondary objective is to map the evidence and describe the effectiveness/efficacy, clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, and barriers of PIPT …