Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Leadership And Training In Mental Health, Bruce Levin, Ardis Hanson, Sara Kuppin

Bruce Lubostsky Levin, DrPH, MPH

The leadership function within mental health organizations continues to demand that professionals must understand and deal with current multidimensional problems in the managed behavioral health care industry. Furthermore, the responsibility for preparing these professionals rests within universities to better educate these leaders in public health issues and in basic health and mental health administration. In addition, the responsibility also rests with professional societies to better equip leaders within mental health organizations for the diverse challenges that lie ahead in a changing managed behavioral health care environment. This chapter will examine leadership issues in mental health, discussing the obstacles and challenges ...

Overview Of Mental Health Services, Bruce Levin, Ardis Hanson

Bruce Lubostsky Levin, DrPH, MPH

This chapter examines the organization and delivery of mental health services in the United States from a public health perspective. This chapter will emphasize the need for mental health administrators to understand the external health care environment and the resulting impact changes in that environment has upon the functioning of their mental health agency. Because of the complex and continuous changes taking place in the field of mental health administration and behavioral health services, the management of mental health organizations should include the study of health policy and health services delivery issues in the external as well as internal organizational ...

Critical Issues In Mental Health, Ardis Hanson, Bruce Levin

Bruce Lubostsky Levin, DrPH, MPH

In 1999, the first Surgeon General's report on mental health was published by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. This landmark report summarized the epidemiology, treatment, financing, and service delivery issues in mental health. While the report focused on the major issues in the organization, financing, and provision of mental health services, there remain additional issues of importance for mental health administrators. This overview section of the text consists of five basic chapters of interest to mental health administrators at all levels of management: critical issues in mental health; an overview of mental health services delivery ...

Introduction: Technology, Organizational Change And Virtual Libraries, Ardis Hanson, Bruce Levin, Susan Heron, Merilyn Burke

Bruce Lubostsky Levin, DrPH, MPH

Change has become a way of life for most organizations in the 21st century. In order to withstand profound change, an organisation must be flexible and incorporate the ability to adapt and respond to its external environment and its many stakeholders. At the same time, in an era of increasing fiscal constraints, new technologies, and an explosion of information, informatics plays an increasingly important and prominent role in society, in knowledge exchange, in communication, and in commerce between organizations. Accordingly, the most remarkable opportunities and challenges have emerged within academic libraries with regard to the incorporation of technology into daily ...

Distance Learning, Merilyn Burke, Bruce Levin, Ardis Hanson

Bruce Lubostsky Levin, DrPH, MPH

The revolutionary changes in the educational curriculum for schools of library and information science being evinced by the exponential expansion of computer-based technologies require a reexamination of the skills and expertise needed to be acquired by the next wave of academic librarians. This is critical in order that they may continue to be able to provide information services and resources to the academic communities within which those librarians will practice their profession. In addition, it is important to meet emerging educational needs in terms of various multiculturalism and diversity issues that are arising today as well as a thorough understanding ...

Introduction: Technology, Organizational Change And Virtual Libraries, Ardis Hanson, Bruce Levin, Susan Heron, Merilyn Burke

Merilyn S Burke

Change has become a way of life for most organizations in the 21st century. In order to withstand profound change, an organisation must be flexible and incorporate the ability to adapt and respond to its external environment and its many stakeholders. At the same time, in an era of increasing fiscal constraints, new technologies, and an explosion of information, informatics plays an increasingly important and prominent role in society, in knowledge exchange, in communication, and in commerce between organizations. Accordingly, the most remarkable opportunities and challenges have emerged within academic libraries with regard to the incorporation of technology into daily ...

Distance Learning, Merilyn Burke, Bruce Levin, Ardis Hanson

Merilyn S Burke

The revolutionary changes in the educational curriculum for schools of library and information science being evinced by the exponential expansion of computer-based technologies require a reexamination of the skills and expertise needed to be acquired by the next wave of academic librarians. This is critical in order that they may continue to be able to provide information services and resources to the academic communities within which those librarians will practice their profession. In addition, it is important to meet emerging educational needs in terms of various multiculturalism and diversity issues that are arising today as well as a thorough understanding ...

Mental Health Of Incarcerated Juveniles In Nevada: Final Report, Nevada Institute For Children's Rerearch And Policy, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas, Jennifer Petsonius, Denise Tanata, Michelle Chino Dr

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The prevalence of mental health problems in the juvenile offender population is substantially higher than that of the general population (Cocozza & Skowyra, 2000). Studies estimate that one in five juvenile offenders has serious mental health problems, which is nearly twice the rate of occurrence of mental illness in children and adults in the general population (NMHA Fact Sheet #l). However, there have been several methodological problems encountered in previous research. These include the use of inconsistent definitions and measurements of mental illness; the use of biased, nonrandom samples, a reliance on retrospective case report data, and the use of non-standard measurement instruments (Coccozza & Skowyra, 2000).

All these factors can cause confusion on the actual prevalence rates of mental illness in the juvenile offender population. From other studies, tentative estimates of specific disorders prevalent among incarcerated youth are as follows: "50-90% with conduct disorder, up to 46% with attention deficit disorder, 6-41%with anxiety disorders, 25-50%with substance abuse or dependence, 32-78 ...

Nonmuscle Myosin Iib Is Involved In The Guidance Of Fibroblast Migration, Chun-Min Lo, Denis B. Buxton, Gregory C. H. Chua, Micah Dembo, Robert S. Adelstein, Yu-Li Wang

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

Although myosin II is known to play an important role in cell migration, little is known about its specific functions. We have addressed the function of one of the isoforms of myosin II, myosin IIB, by analyzing the movement and mechanical characteristics of fibroblasts where this protein has been ablated by gene disruption. Myosin IIB null cells displayed multiple unstable and disorganized protrusions, although they were still able to generate a large fraction of traction forces when cultured on flexible polyacrylamide substrates. However, the traction forces were highly disorganized relative to the direction of cell migration. Analysis of cell migration ...

Molecular Functionalization Of Carbon Nanotubes And Use As Substrates For Neuronal Growth, Mark P. Mattson, Robert C. Haddon, Apparao M. Rao

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Patents

A cell and substrate system and nerve regeneration implant are disclosed including a carbon nanotube and a neuron growing on the carbon nanotube. Both unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes functionalized with a neuronal growth promoting agent may be utilized in the invention. A method is also disclosed for promoting neuronal growth.

Barriers To Community Mental Health Services For Latinos: Treatment Considerations, Haig Kouyoumdjian, Byron L. Zamboanga, David J. Hansen

Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology

The underutilization of mental health services by Latinos has been a growing concern in research and clinical practice. This has become increasingly important as the population of Latinos in the United States rapidly rises and the evidence that many are not receiving needed mental health services accumulates. To provide an understanding of the issues, this article provides an overview of risk factors that may influence the mental health of Latinos and examines prevalence rates of psychopathology and service utilization trends. This article then presents a comprehensive review of the socioeconomic, cultural, and psychotherapeutic barriers that prevent Latinos from receiving community ...

Uncertainty And The Value Of Diagnostic Information With Application To Axillary Lymph Node Dissection In Breast Cancer, Giovanni Parmigiani

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In clinical decision making, it is common to ask whether, and how much, a diagnostic procedure is contributing to subsequent treatment decisions. Statistically, quantification of the value of the information provided by a diagnostic procedure can be carried out using decision trees with multiple decision points, representing both the diagnostic test and the subsequent treatments that may depend on the test's results. This article investigates probabilistic sensitivity analysis approaches for exploring and communicating parameter uncertainty in such decision trees. Complexities arise because uncertainty about a model's inputs determines uncertainty about optimal decisions at all decision nodes of a ...

Survival Model Predictive Accuracy And Roc Curves, Patrick Heagerty, Yingye Zheng

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The predictive accuracy of a survival model can be summarized using extensions of the proportion of variation explained by the model, or R^2, commonly used for continuous response models, or using extensions of sensitivity and specificity which are commonly used for binary response models.

In this manuscript we propose new time-dependent accuracy summaries based on time-specific versions of sensitivity and specificity calculated over risk sets. We connect the accuracy summaries to a previously proposed global concordance measure which is a variant of Kendall's tau. In addition, we show how standard Cox regression output can be used to obtain ...

Semiparametric Estimation Of Time-Dependent: Roc Curves For Longitudinal Marker Data, Yingye Zheng, Patrick Heagerty

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

One approach to evaluating the strength of association between a longitudinal marker process and a key clinical event time is through predictive regression methods such as a time-dependent covariate hazard model. For example, a time-varying covariate Cox model specifies the instantaneous risk of the event as a function of the time-varying marker and additional covariates. In this manuscript we explore a second complementary approach which characterizes the distribution of the marker as a function of both the measurement time and the ultimate event time. Our goal is to flexibly extend the standard diagnostic accuracy concepts of sensitivity and specificity to ...

Analysis Of End-Of-Life Content In Critical Care Nursing Textbooks, Karin T. Kirchhoff, Renea L. Beckstrand, Prashanth Reddy Anumandla

Faculty Publications

Nurses have identified a need for improving their knowledge and skills in providing end-of-life care. Critical care nursing textbooks can serve as an important source of information on end-of-life care for critical care nurses. Hence, an analysis of end-of-life content in 14 critical care nursing textbooks was conducted. Critical care nursing textbooks used for review were published in 1995 or later and identified from the libraries at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Brigham Young University. The end-of-life content areas identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), under which the AACN end-of-life competencies for undergraduate nursing students can ...

A Lived Experience Of Being A Mother Of A Child With Depression: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry, Maralou R. Brose

Theses and Graduate Projects

There have been few studies that have attempted to understand the world of parents raising a child with depression. This study introduces the magnitude of the problem of childhood depression and explores what it means to be the mother of an adolescent with depression. For this study, three mothers of adolescents wit.h depression were questioned interviews were in unstructured interviews. The taped transcribed, and the resulting texts were Four core themes were analyzed using a six-stage process. extracted-maternal role, support, and grief-and reveal_ed what it was family disequilibrium, like for mothers raising a child with depression. Hermeneutic phenomenology provided ...

Sexual Risk Taking In Adolescence: The Role Of Self-Regulation And Attraction To Risk, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa J. Crockett

Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology

Precursors of adolescent sexual risk taking were examined in a multiethnic sample consisting of 443 children (51% girls) of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth participants. Respondents were 12–13 years old in 1994 and 16–17 in 1998. Controlling for demographic and contextual factors, self-regulation—but not risk proneness—was significantly (modestly) associated with overall sexual risk taking 4 years later, Analyses of individual sexual behaviors indicated that self-regulation may affect choices made after becoming sexually active (e.g. number of partners) rather than the initiation of sexual activity. Measures of parent and peer influence had independent effects on sexual ...

Research News: 2003, No. 4, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants, publications, technology transfer, special announcements

Flavone: The Molecular And Mechanistic Study Of How A Simple Flavonoid Protects Dna From Oxidative Damage., Jennifer Dawn Dean

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dietary flavonoids are ubiquitous and are marketed as supplements. Characterized as antioxidants, they offer protection against a number of degenerative diseases. Flavonoid mechanics involve free radical scavenging, metal chelation, and substrate association. The skeletal structure of flavonoids is a fused ring system modified by hydroxyl, sugar, and carbohydrate additions. Flavone is a structurally simple flavonoid. Quercetin and its glycosidic analog rutin are complex structures. Using a DNA oxidation/cleavage assay, flavone reduces DNA nicking by 91%. Depending on the solvent system used, quercetin can either increase or decrease DNA oxidation. Rutin exhibits neither pro- nor antioxidant activity. The molecular interactions ...

The Role Of Erp57 In Hras Intracellular Trafficking And Function., Jaime Lyn Parman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ras is a central player in signal transduction that mediates cellular proliferation and differentiation. Recent evidence has shown that lipid and non-lipid modified domains participate in Ras traffic and that plasma membrane association is mediated by vectorial vesicular transport from the endomembrane system. ERp57, an ER chaperone, has been shown to specifically bind farnesylated Hras but not non-farnesylated Hras. The objective of this study was to determine if ERp57 participates in Ras trafficking and function. First, the effect of ERp57 knock down by siRNA technology on Hras function was studied; there was a reduction in ERp57 cellular levels that led ...

Essential Roles Of The Meis Family Proteins During Segmentation Of The Zebrafish Hindbrain : A Dissertation, Seong-Kyu Choe

Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses

Hindbrain patterning requires many factors involved in early segmentation and later segment identity of the specific domains of the hindbrain. Hox proteins and their cofactors are of great importance during segmentation of the hindbrain, because segmentation and/or segment identity are lost when any of them are lost. Previously, we have reported that Meis proteins synergize with Pbx, another Hox cofactor, and Hox proteins expressed in the hindbrain. To further investigate Meis function during hindbrain development, we utilized a Meis dominant-negative molecule, ΔCPbx4, and expressed it in zebrafish embryos. We find that ΔCPbx4 affects gene expression and neuronal differentiation especially ...

Barriers To Domestic Violence Screening In The Emergency Department, Lisa Yonaka

Master's Projects

Are you in a relationship in which you're being abused? That is not an easy question to answer or ask. Identification of those who are victims of domestic violence is important to prevent further abuse and injury. The purpose of this non-experimental study was to determine barriers of Emergency Department Registered Nurses screening patients for domestic violence. 33 ED RNs completed a short anonymous questionnaire that was developed by Dr. Mary Lou Moore, Wake Forrest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The most significant barriers to screening identified, were the lack of education on how to ask questions about abuse, language ...

Rna Interference And Mrna Silencing, 2004: How Far Will They Reach, Thoru Pederson

Open Access Publications by UMass Chan Authors

The discoveries of RNA interference and RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing have opened an unanticipated new window on the regulation of gene expression as well as a facile and highly effective tool for knocking down gene expression in many organisms and cells. In addition, RNA interference and RNA silencing may conceivably be exploited for human therapeutics sometime in the future, possibly bringing greater clinical impact than have the so far disappointing antisense endeavors. This essay summarizes recent developments and offers some personalized perspectives, with emphasis on what we do not yet know.

Front Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

End Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Tolerance Of The Fetus By The Maternal Immune System: Role Of Inflammatory Mediators At The Feto-Maternal Interface, Colette Kanellopoulos-Langevin, Stephane M. Caucheteux, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The adaptive immune system of placental mammals has evolved to tolerate the fetus. Rejection of the fetus by adaptive immune responses is therefore a rare event, with abortion being caused more frequently by inflammation in the placenta. This review will cover recent aspects of immune privilege and the innate immune system at the feto-maternal interface, citing examples of the role played by microbial infections in fetal demise.

The Relation Of Dietary Patterns To Future Survival, Health, And Cardiovascular Events In Older Adults, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

BACKGROUND: There have been few long-term follow-up studies of older adults who follow different dietary patterns. METHODS: We cluster-analyzed data on dietary fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate, and calorie consumption from the U.S. Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age=73), and examined the relationship of the dietary clusters to outcomes 10 years later. RESULTS: The five clusters were named "Healthy diet" (relatively high in fiber and carbohydrate and low in fat), "Unhealthy diet" (relatively high in protein and fat, relatively low in carbohydrates and fiber); "High Calorie," "Low Calorie," and "Low 4," which was distinguished by higher alcohol consumption. The clusters ...

Nursing Students' Perceptions Of Their Summer Clinical Practicum, Elizabeth Scott

Graduate Research Projects

The purpose of this study was to discover associate degree nursing students' perception of their summer clinical practicum. The university was located in rural southeast Tennessee. A qualitative method of phenomenological design was used with an unstructured interview to ask the question: "please tell me about your summer clinical practicum and how it affected you?" The framework was Imogene King's Systems of Transaction in Gqal Attainment. Themes identified were communication, mentoring, interpersonal relationships, prior learning, and growth and development. The study findings supported the use of a summer clinical practicum, revealed that nursing students' perceived an increased self confidence ...

Optimization Of Breast Cancer Screening Modalities, Yu Shen, Giovanni Parmigiani

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Mathematical models and decision analyses based on microsimulations have been shown to be useful in evaluating relative merits of various screening strategies in terms of cost and mortality reduction. Most investigations regarding the balance between mortality reduction and costs have focused on a single modality, mammography. A systematic evaluation of the relative expenses and projected benefit of combining clinical breast examination and mammography is not at present available. The purpose of this report is to provide methodologic details including assumptions and data used in the process of modeling for complex decision analyses, when searching for optimal breast cancer screening strategies ...

Modeling The Incubation Period Of Anthrax, Ron Brookmeyer, Elizabeth Johnson, Sarah Barry

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Models of the incubation period of anthrax are important to public health planners because they can be used to predict the delay before outbreaks are detected, the size of an outbreak and the duration of time that persons should remain on antibiotics to prevent disease. The difficulty is that there is little direct data about the incubation period in humans. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply models for the incubation period of anthrax. Mechanistic models that account for the biology of spore clearance and germination are developed based on a competing risks formulation. The models predict ...