Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Joint Association Of Tyg Index And High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein With Cardiovascular Disease: A National Cohort Study, Cancan Cui, Lin Liu, Yitian Qi, Ning Han, Haikun Xu, Zhijia Wang, Xinyun Shang, Tianjiao Han, Yining Zha, Xin Wei, Zhiyuan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation are predictors of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known about the coexposures and relative contributions of TyG index and inflammation to cardiovascular diseases. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted longitudinal analyses to evaluate the joint and mutual associations of the TyG index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older Chinese population. Methods: This study comprised 8 658 participants aged at least 45 years from the CHARLS 2011 who are …

Impacts Of Double Biopsy And Double Vitrification On The Clinical Outcomes Following Euploid Blastocyst Transfer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kate Bickendorf, Fang Qi, Kelli Peirce, Rui Wang, Jay Natalwala, Vincent Chapple, Yanhe Liu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

STUDY QUESTION: Compared to the 'single biopsy + single vitrification' approach, do 'double biopsy + double vitrification' or 'single biopsy + double vitrification' arrangements compromise subsequent clinical outcomes following euploidy blastocyst transfer? SUMMARY ANSWER: Both 'double biopsy + double vitrification' and 'single biopsy + double vitrification' led to reduced live birth/ongoing pregnancy rates and clinical pregnancy rates. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY?: It is not uncommon to receive inconclusive results following blastocyst biopsy and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Often these blastocysts are warmed for re-test after a second biopsy, experiencing 'double biopsy + double vitrification'. Furthermore, to achieve better …

Enrollment Of Females In Randomized Trials For Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review, Frederick Berro Rivera, Mc John Caro Ybañez, John Vincent Magalong, Mario Prado, Eloise Arias Aguirre, Ana Patricia Ting Cañares, Janos Marc Rubia, Allyn Ralph Hiyas, Polyn Luz S. Pine, Kyla Lara-Breitinger, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Martha Gulati

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) form the basis for therapeutic recommendations for both males and females. Historically, females have been significantly underrepresented in RCTs.

Objectives

The authors sought to determine the trends of representation of females in GLP-1RA RCTs from 2007 to 2024.

Methods

We reviewed eligible studies and extracted important variables. The proportion of females among the total participants was obtained per study. This was compared over time (year) of publication and over mean age of participants. This proportion was also compared between specific types of GLP-1RA received, diabetes status, indication of …

A New Label Free Spiral Sensor Using Impedance Spectroscopy To Characterize Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Tissue And Serum Samples, Reda Abdelbaset, Sherif M. Shawky, Mohammed A.A. Abdullah, Omar E. Morsy, Yahia A. Yahia, Yehya H. Ghallab, Marwa Matboli, Yehea Ismail

Faculty Journal Articles

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, predominantly affecting patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C-induced cirrhosis. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests (assessing liver functions and HCC biomarkers), imaging procedures such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and liver biopsies requiring the removal of liver tissue for laboratory analysis. However, these diagnostic methods either entail lengthy lab processes, require expensive imaging equipment, or involve invasive techniques like liver biopsies. Hence, there exists a crucial need for rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive techniques to characterize HCC, whether in serum …

The Role Of Trauma-Related Shame In Ptsd And Dissociation, Alexis Stokes

Bakerman Student Research Awards

Dissociation commonly occurs in response to traumatic events, and a dissociative subtype of PTSD is now recognized in the DSM-5. However, researchers have not established a clear consensus as to what factors separate individuals with general PTSD and PTSD with dissociative symptoms (PTSD-D). Negative affect—specifically shame—has been increasingly examined in psychotraumatology research. There is ample evidence that shame predicts and maintains symptom severity in PTSD patients, as well as that it can induce and maintain dissociative symptoms. The clear connection of shame to PTSD and dissociation suggests that it may be an important factor for conceptualizing PTSD-D; however, there is …

Kinetics Of Naturally Induced Binding And Neutralising Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Levels And Potencies Among Sars-Cov-2 Infected Kenyans With Diverse Grades Of Covid-19 Severity: An Observational Study, John Kimotho, Yiakon Sein, Shahin Sayed, Reena Shah, Mansoor Saleh, Ann Karanu, Viviane Oluoch, Jasmit Shah, Julius Mutiso, Zaitun Nneka, Alfred Mburu, Peter Betti, Francis M. Ndungu

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Given the low levels of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), despite high levels of natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, strategies for extending the breadth and longevity of naturally acquired immunity are warranted. Designing such strategies will require a good understanding of naturally acquired immunity.

Methods: We measured whole-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) total immunoglobulins (Igs) on 585 plasma samples collected longitudinally over five successive time points within six months of COVID-19 diagnosis in 309 COVID-19 patients. We measured antibody-neutralising potency against the wild-type (Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2 …

The Internist's Post V.1 N.10, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley. School Of Medicine, Eunbee Cho, Osiris Fernandez, Hector D. Preciado, Sobia Memon, Diana Acosta Pozo, Corey Haines, Roque Mifuji Lira, Martha Solis, Cesar Gutierrez

School of Medicine Publications

No abstract provided.

Inattentional Deafness And Musical Training: Effects Of Perceptual Load On Tonal And Verbal Auditory Suppression, Annelise Coffey

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Inattentional deafness (ID) is a cognitive phenomenon of which we have relatively little understanding. The current study attempted to address this by considering current cognitive theories of thought and examined how musical training affects incidence rates of inattentional deafness. This study utilized a cognitive task and auditory stimuli previously designed to elicit inattentional deafness and measured musical training by administering the Goldsmith’s Musical Sophistication Index. Participants were instructed to engage in a high-load cognitive task, providing a condition in which inattentional deafness is likely to occur. During the task, a brief pure tone was presented simultaneously with the visual task …

Ecological And Pathological Applications Of The Heat Shock Response, Taylor Rae Stanley

Theses and Dissertations

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cytoprotective stress response pathway that regulates cellular proteostasis. The HSR is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is essential for normal cellular functioning. Here, we explore the broad ecological and pathological impacts of the HSR. In an ecological context, we perform gene level analysis of the transcriptomes of two closely related sunfish. We found that the more invasive bluegill sunfish has gene expansions in two HSR gene families, the HSP70 family and the HSP90 family compared to the redear sunfish. These gene expansions were also observed in several other teleost fish species and were …

Labrad : Vol 49, Issue 2 - December 2024, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• EDITORIAL
• ARTICLES
• Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Disease: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Diagnostic Insights
• Advanced Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) Workflow: A Comprehensive Approach towards High-Throughput Analyzers in Clinical Chemistry
• Precision Under Pressure: Challenges in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Immunosuppressants
• Frozen Section: Diagnostic Accuracy, Pitfalls and Use of Digital Pathology
• Working Environment Perspective of a Learner
• AI Training: A Must-Have Skill for Tomorrow’s Radiologists
• Challenges in Blood Supply: Importance of Voluntary Donations
• Leadership Skills and Emotional Intelligence For Professional Capacity Building in Histopathology – A Broad Perspective
• Factor VIII and XI Deficiency; A Finding That Could Have Been Missed-A Case Report
• Accelerated Phase …

Exploring Diet Quality, Food Insecurity, And Health Status Among Utah Residents, Palak Gupta, Lendel Narine

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

A lower-quality diet is a significant contributor to preventable mortality worldwide. This study investigated the intricate relationships between diet quality, food insecurity, and health status among residents in Utah. Using a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 1,522 participants, data were collected through an online survey focusing on household characteristics, diet quality, health status, and food security. The primary exposure, household food insecurity, was assessed using a validated 6-item scale, while diet quality was measured through a modified Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants– Shortened Version (REAP-S). The findings revealed an association between very low food security and poor …

Personal Protective Equipment For Minoritized U.S. Agricultural Farmworkers: Community-Based Efforts During The Pandemic & Implications For Extension, Helen Trejo

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

There are an estimated 2 million farmworkers who are essential to the food system in the United States; however, they are exposed to hazardous environmental conditions with limited access and/or use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate community-based organizational efforts to provide farmworkers with apparel-textile basic needs, such as face masks. A primary goal is to address the research gap regarding common environmental factors that impact farmworkers, including pesticides and the pandemic, their use of available PPE, and community-based efforts to improve access to face masks as basic PPE. We consider the …

Blinding Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Is Compromised In Typically Developing Children Compared To Young Adults, Sophia Bertrand, Tonya Rich, Samuel Nemanich

Occupational Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Achieving successful blinding is a persistent challenge for clinical trials involving transcranial direct current stimulation. Studies involving populations with increased sensory sensitivity, such as children, could be at risk for increased bias from inadequate blinding due to unique sensation of stimulation relative to adults. The objectives of this study were 1) To examine differences in transcranial stimulation blinding between children and young adults and its relationship to sensory sensitivity. 2) To test the efficacy of an ActiSham protocol for participant blinding, compared to a traditional sham protocol. Typically developing right-handed children (N = 12, 5–14 yr) and young adults (N …

Blood Biomarkers In Down Syndrome: Facilitating Alzheimer's Disease Detection And Monitoring, Melissa Petersen, Lisi Flores-Aguilar, Elizabeth Head, Laia Montoliu-Gaya, Andre Strydom, Sarah Pape, Juan Fortea, Nicholas Ashton, Chinedu Momoh, Sid O'Bryant

Brain and Mind Institute

Blood-based biomarkers continue to be explored for disease detection, monitoring of progression, and therapeutic outcomes as the diagnostic determination of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome (DS-AD) remains challenging in clinical settings. This perspective highlights the current status of this effort. Overall, amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) blood-based biomarkers have been shown to increase with disease pathology for individuals with DS. Phosphorylated tau biomarkers (p-tau217, p-tau181) have been consistently shown to track disease progression for DS-AD and are likely good candidates for use in clinical settings. Biomarkers of inflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein) also show promise; however, additional work …

Engaging Fathers(To-Be): A Pilot Study On The Adaptation And Programme Experience Of Sms4baba Intervention In Kenya’S Informal Settlements, Vibian Angweny, Richard Fletcher, Paul Mwangi, Margaret Kabue, Rachel Odhiambo, Stephen Mulupi, Emmanuel Obulemire, Eunice Njoroge, Eunice Ombech, Mercy Mokaya, Moses Wesala, Joyce Marangu, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background Engaging fathers(to-be) can improve maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. However, father-focused interventions in low-resource settings are under-researched. As part of an integrated early childhood development pilot cluster randomised trial in Nairobi’s informal settlements, this study aimed to test the feasibility of a text-only intervention for fathers (SMS4baba) adapted from one developed in Australia (SMS4dads).

Methods A multi-phased mixed-methods study, which included an exploratory qualitative phase and pre-post evaluation of the adapted SMS4baba text-only intervention was conducted between 2019 and 2022. Three focusgroup discussions (FGDs) with 19 fathers were conducted at inception to inform SMS4baba content development; two post-pilot …

Dynamics Of The Blood Plasma Proteome During Hyperacute Hiv-1 Infection, Jamirah Nazziwa, Eva Freyhult, Mun-Gwan Hong, Emil Johansson, Filip Årman, Jonathan Hare, Kamini Gounder, Melinda Rezeli, Tirthankar Mohanty, Amin Hassan

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

The complex dynamics of protein expression in plasma during hyperacute HIV-1 infection and its relation to acute retroviral syndrome, viral control, and disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we quantify 1293 blood plasma proteins from 157 longitudinally linked plasma samples collected before, during, and after hyperacute HIV-1 infection of 54 participants from four sub-Saharan African countries. Six distinct longitudinal expression profiles are identified, of which four demonstrate a consistent decrease in protein levels following HIV-1 infection. Proteins involved in inflammatory responses, immune regulation, and cell motility are significantly altered during the transition from pre-infection to one month post-infection. Specifically, decreased …

Plasma Transfusion In The Intensive Care Unit, Maite M. T. Van Haeren, Senta Jorinde Raasveld, Sanne De Bruin, Merijn C. Reuland, Claudia Van Den Oord, Jimmy Schenk, Cécile Aubron, Jan Bakker, Maurizio Cecconi, Marcus Lance

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

Background: Current guidelines discourage prophylactic plasma use in non-bleeding patients. This study assesses global plasma transfusion practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their alignment with current guidelines.

Study Design and Methods: This was a sub-study of an international, prospective, observational cohort. Primary outcomes were in-ICU occurrence rate of plasma transfusion, proportion of plasma events of total blood products events, and number of plasma units per event. Secondary outcomes included transfusion indications, INR/PT, and proportion of events for non-bleeding indications.

Results: Of 3643 patients included, 356 patients (10%) experienced 547 plasma transfusion events, accounting for 18% …

Management Of Adult Sepsis In Resource-Limited Settings: Global Expert Consensus Statements Using A Delphi Method, Louise Thwaites, Prashant Nasa, Brett Abbenbroek, Vu Quoc Dat, Simon Finfer, Arthur Kwizera, Lowell Ling, Suzana M. Lobo, Robert Sinto, Wangari Siika

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

Purpose: To generate consensus and provide expert clinical practice statements for the management of adult sepsis in resourcelimited settings.

Methods: An international multidisciplinary Steering Committee with expertise in sepsis management and including a Delphi methodologist was convened by the Asia Pacifc Sepsis Alliance (APSA). The committee selected an interna‑ tional panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in sepsis management. A Delphi process based on an iterative approach was used to obtain the fnal consensus statements.

Results: A stable consensus was achieved for 30 (94%) of the statements by 41 experts after four survey rounds. These include …

Anticoagulation Strategies After Left Ventricular Thrombus., Corey Uetrecht Pharmd, Jennifer Sposito Pharmd, Bcps, Bcccp, Kassandra Foellinger Pharmd, Bcps, Jamie Gaul Pharmd, Bcps, Sarah Ferrell Pharmd, Bcps

Pharmacy Residency

Presented at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting,

This medication use evaluation found that prescribing practices of DOAC and warfarin did not change after AHA guidance publication. Patients with HFrEF were more often discharged on warfarin, while those with Afib were more often discharged on DOACs. Those discharged on a DOAC had the highest incidence of LV thrombus resolution up to 6 months post-discharge. Physicians within Parkview Health do not routinely utilize a loading dose when discharging a patient on a DOAC.

Stepping Back: Evaluating Antipseudomonal Antibiotic Use In Diabetic Foot Infection., Hannah Davis Pharmd, Michele Walters Pharmd, Bcps, Aq-Id, Sarah Ferrell Pharmd, Bcpps, Jui Patel Pharmd, Bcps, Tiffany O'Keefe Pharmd, Bcgp

Pharmacy Residency

Presented at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting. New Orleans, LA

This study found that anti-pseudomonal (PsA) coverage is overutilized in diabetic foot infection (DFI), even when broad qualifying criteria are applied. The proposed criteria were poor predictors of PsA growth, which was present in a small number of cases. Patients who did grow PsA were somewhat more likely to have severe DFI, history of DFI, and 90-day history of admission or anti-PsA antibiotic use, but many patients without PsA growth also met these criteria.

Comparing Cardiometabolic Monitoring And Side Effect Management In A Pharmacist-Led Ambulatory Clozapine Clinic Versus Standard Care., Nicholas Buttermore Pharmd, Jenna Gilbert Pharmd, Bcpp, Naana Boachie Pharmd, Bcacp, Kenneth Wiley Pharmd, Bcacp, Sarah Ferrell Pharmd, Bcpps

Pharmacy Residency

Presented at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting. New Orleans, LA

This study found that cardiometabolic monitoring rates were significantly higher in the pharmacist group compared to standard care, and that clozapine-related side effects were screened more frequently.

High Yield Of Congenital Hypothyroidism Among Infants Attending Children Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Facility Based Study In The Absence Of Newborn Screening, Menbere Kahssay, Thomas Ngwiri

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a treatable cause of intellectual disability. Late diagnosis and delayed initiation of treatment leads to irreversible neurodevelopmental and intellectual disability. Thus, newborn screening is crucial. However, 71 % of babies are born in an area with no established newborn screening program and Kenya is not an exception. We aimed to determine the incidence of CHT, developmental outcomes of patients in the absence of newborn screening.

Methods: A retrospective data of subjects who met the inclusion criteria, newborn and infants from 3 days to 2 years whose thyroid function test (TFT) was undertaken during well baby …

Protective And Risk Exposures Of Cancers Disproportionately Affecting Hispanics In A U.S. - Mexico Border Population: A Clinical Informatics Approach, Amir Hernandez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. with over 8 million new cases between 2016 and 2020. A variety of protective and risk exposures are associated with multiple cancers and disparities and inequalities exist in the health outcomes of minority populations. Hispanic populations in the U.S. and Texas have some of the highest rates of cancer incidence and mortality when compared to other populations. The use of Population and Public Health Informatics approaches to address these issues have shown promise when employed in healthcare institutions METHODS: A case-control study design examined associations between multiple cancers …

Metagenomic Sequencing For Early Detection Of Future Engineered Pandemics: Foreshadowing The Privacy Challenge, Nir Eyal, Bridget Williams, Kevin M. Esvelt, Jane R. Bambauer

UF Law Faculty Publications

In this commentary, we imagine how a global system of metagenomic sequencing could be governed in order to reap the benefits and manage the risks. Global institutional engineers and their academic partners would need to develop a new governance model to ensure that all partners involved in a global metagenomic surveillance system cooperate as needed.

Integrated Child Nutrition, Parenting, And Health Intervention In Rural Liberia: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Sejla Isanovic, Musa Sanoe, Shelbie Wooten, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Aisha K. Yousafzai, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Mufaro Kanyangarara Ph.D., Melanie Swan, Nicole Rodger, Miriam Murray, Leila M. Larson Ph.D., Mph

Faculty Publications

In Liberia, children are exposed to multiple forms of adversity which can negatively impact their health and development. Research is needed to examine the feasibility and benefits of integrated interventions that can be incorporated into existing health delivery programs to simultaneously address low responsive stimulation, undernutrition, and infection. This study assessed the feasibility of an integrated intervention promoting psychosocial stimulation and improved child feeding by the provision of eggs and fish. The integrated intervention was incorporated into an existing government health program. Thirty female caregiver-child dyads were randomly selected from two rural communities in Liberia. Participants received fortnightly group parenting …

Overdose Watch: Educate, Prevent, And Respond…Equitably, Amber Childress, Christine Nava, Genevie Porlaris

ELMSN E-Portfolio. A collection of Scholarly and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Early Detection And Intervention Of Preschool-Aged Children Using Android-Based Monitoring During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Central Java, Triwiji Lestari, Elisa Elisa

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

Preschool age is widely recognized as a critical phase in child development, often referred to as the golden period, the window of opportunity, and the critical period. Alarming statistics from the Indonesian Ministry of Health reveal that 16% of Indonesian toddlers, amounting to 0.4 million children, experience developmental delays, encompassing fine and gross motor skills, hearing impairments, reduced cognitive abilities, and speech delays. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an Android-based early detection and intervention system on the development of preschool children during the challenging circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Java. The research employed a quasi- …

Full Issue, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Pilot Mental Health On Passenger Willingness To Fly, Isabella L. Deloach, Sara E. Bergamini, Dowon Choi, Brooke Wheeler, Vivek Sharma

Aeronautics Student Publications

This study explored how passengers' willingness to fly is affected by the mental health condition of pilots, providing insight into public perception of the mental health condition of pilots. Results showed significant differences between all scenarios except the medication scenario vs. therapy scenario.

Cardiomegaly Status After Open Repair Of An Arch Aneurysm, Lucas Ribé Bernal, Rana O Afifi, Anthony L Estrera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This report describes a patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm who presented with chest pain and dyspnea. Preoperative studies revealed a massive cardiomediastinal silhouette. Within hours after the operation, a profound reduction in cardiomegaly was observed. Herein, we describe the distinctive imaging and technical aspects of the surgical procedure.