Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Zanidatamab Monotherapy Or Combined With Chemotherapy In Her2-Expressing Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Phase 1 Trial, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Sun Young Rha, Erika Hamilton, Yoon-Koo Kang, Diana L Hanna, Syma Iqbal, Keun-Wook Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Muralidhar Beeram, Do-Youn Oh, Jorge Chaves, Rachel A Goodwin, Jaffer A Ajani, Lin Yang, Rajen Oza, Elena Elimova

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There is a need for novel therapies for patients with previously treated HER2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). This phase 1 (NCT02892123) dose-escalation and expansion trial evaluated zanidatamab (a dual HER2-targeted bispecific antibody) ± chemotherapy in previously treated patients with HER2-expressing, locally advanced/metastatic cancers. Here, we report the outcomes for GEA cohorts receiving zanidatamab monotherapy or with chemotherapy (paclitaxel or capecitabine). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, progression-free survival, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Seventy patients were enrolled (n = 29 monotherapy; n = 41 combination therapy); most received prior HER2-targeted agents (monotherapy, …

Sirt6 Deficiency Promotes Senescence And Age-Associated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Mice, Pranay Ramteke, Bahiyah Watson, Mallory Toci, Victoria A Tran, Shira Johnston, Maria Tsingas, Ruteja A Barve, Ramkrishna Mitra, Richard F Loeser, John A Collins, Makarand V Risbud

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major risk factor contributing to chronic low back and neck pain. While the etiological factors for disc degeneration vary, age is still one of the most important risk factors. Recent studies have shown the promising role of SIRT6 in mammalian aging and skeletal tissue health, however its role in the intervertebral disc health remains unexplored. We investigated the contribution of SIRT6 to disc health by studying the age-dependent spinal phenotype of mice with conditional deletion of Sirt6 in the disc (Acan

A Local Assessment Of Glp-1 Use For Weight Loss: An Interview Study, Maci Bradley

Honors Theses

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a novel class of medications used primarily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as well as for chronic weight management. The first GLP-1 medication, exenatide, was FDA-approved in April of 2005 for glycemic control, however, it was not until December of 2014 when liraglutide became the first GLP-1 FDA-approved for weight loss. There are now eight FDA-approved GLP-1s, only two of which are approved for weight loss. GLP-1 use has become increasingly popular in recent years, even extending to the college-aged population. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in …

Exploring Cisd1 As A Multifaceted Biomarker In Cancer: Implications For Diagnosis, Prognosis, And Immunotherapeutic Response, Caiyue Li, Zhipin Liang, Gabrielle Vontz, Connor Kent, Wenbo Ma, Lei Liu, Riya Dahal, Jovanny Zabaleta, Guoshuai Cai, Jia Zhou, Huangen Ding, Qiang Shen

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

CISD1, an outer mitochondrial membrane iron-sulfur cluster protein, regulates intracellular iron levels, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics, playing critical roles in cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. Although CISD1 has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in specific cancers, its broader implications in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and immunotherapy remain unclear. Given the heterogeneity of cancer and the need for robust biomarkers across cancers, this study conducts the first comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of CISD1 by evaluating its roles in cancer and treatment. We obtained and analyzed data from databases including TCGA, GTEx, THPA, GEPIA2.0, SangerBox, cBioPortal, TIMER2.0, CAMOIP, DAVID, SRPLOT, and TISIDB. …

Recent Trends In Medical Education To Sustain An Effective Practice - A Systematic Review, Sharon Pricilla Jeevan Kumar Leela Ms., Amtuz Zehra Dr, Ayesha Siddiqhha Mukthar Ms

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Learning processes in medical practices in medicinal schools put more emphasis on the hard sciences than they do on developing soft skills like empathy and communication. For this reason, the medical humanities emerged to provide a "different" take on the creative process. Medical ethics, the doctor-patient relationship, clinical research, mental illness, and professionalism are just a few of the topics that have been utilized to discuss in medical school. A strong connection between classroom learning and clinical experience is crucial for medical school graduates. Students graduating from a medical program are expected to have experience with patient care, clinical procedures, …

Valproic Acid Loaded Niosomal In Situ Gel: A Novel Approach For Epilepsy Treatment, Rutuja Bastapure, Akshay Gawali, Gopal Lohiya, Kranti Satpute, Mahesh Birajdar, Sameep Sonvane

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Valproic acid is an antiepileptic medication that is primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. This investigation was designed with three objectives in mind. First, improve the solubility and bioavailability of the BCS class II medicine valproic acid; second, make it easy to give the drug to an epileptic patient during an episode; and third, lower the dosage for long-term treatment. Niosomal formulations were optimized using various Tween and Span range ratios. The formulations were made using the ether injection method. The formulation's morphological characterization, entrapment efficiency, viscosity, and particle size were evaluated. Valproic acid niosomes prepared with Tween …

Development And Assessment Of Liposomal Nasal Spray For The Treatment Epilepsy, Sayali Dongare, Sushmaji Sontakke, Gopal Lohiya, Shoeb Syed, Rohit Sarda

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Abstract:

Background: Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidine class antiepileptic drug mainly used to treat epilepsy and seizures.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to synthesize a liposomal nasal spray incorporating levetiracetam for nose to brain delivery in epilepsy.

Materials and methods: The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare liposomes loaded with levetiracetam with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations. The liposome formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency. Finally, the prepared liposomes were converted into nasal spray and characterized for drug content, pH, viscosity, in vitro release profile, clarity, Ex-vivo permeation study. …

Exploring The Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms: Implications For Disease Susceptibility, Thrupthi Rai, Sushma M, Jadeppa G, Suma M N, Swetha Nk

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

The Vitamin D endocrine system, comprising of Vitamin D, its receptor (VDR), and metabolic enzymes, coordinates essential physiological functions influencing skeletal metabolism, immune response, and various diseases including osteoarthritis, cancer, and obesity. Understanding the impact of genetic variations, particularly the VDR gene, on disease susceptibility is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Vitamin D metabolism, deciphering how the VDR gene works and understanding how different versions of the gene impact complex diseases. It provides a brief overview of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms in inflammatory disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, coronary artery disease, asthma, cancer, and infectious diseases. …

Making Training Stick: Transferring Learning Back To The Job, Amanda Woods Herron, Phoebe Hessen, Katelyn J. Cavanaugh, Wykesha C. Hayes, Victor Hassid, Courtney L. Holladay

Advances in Cancer Education and Quality Improvement

Communication remains a central priority in healthcare, making it a key component of many training efforts. The positive impacts of communication training in healthcare settings have been well-established; however, the linkage of communication training to key organizational outcomes (e.g., engagement, performance, retention) remains underexplored. The present study investigated a training program targeting interpersonal communication within a large academic oncology center. We drew from Cognitive Load Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to evaluate the impact of the training on participant learning (retention and utilization), transfer (communication, decision-making, performance), and results-level outcomes (engagement and turnover). The program centered around a personality framework …

Podium Talk: Postpartum Hemorrhage In The Absence Of Traditional Risk Factors: A Clinical Perspective, Daniel R. York, Allison Tresner, Christian Edwards, Lisandra Chinea

Research Day

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality that accounts for 27% of all maternal deaths worldwide. While most cases occur immediately postpartum, delayed onset hemorrhage can present critical management challenges and jeopardize maternal treatment outcomes. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who underwent an uncomplicated, augmented vaginal delivery with a Cook Cervical Ripening Balloon (CCRB). The estimated blood loss at delivery was approximately 200 cc. However, around six hours later, the patient became unresponsive, exhibiting signs of significant PPH, she was evaluated at bedside, and by then, she had expelled approximately 2 L …

Use Of Objective Tools For Early Detection Of Parkinson’S Symptoms, Brett Weinstein, Alex Rothstein, Danny Chan, Andreana Zazzarino, Brianna Singh, Meredith Fagan, Dominique Torres, Charles Siguenza, Rosemary Gallagher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by asymmetrical motor symptoms that are difficult to detect early, thus the need for more sensitive tools. People with early PD (PwPD) participate in high level physical activity, are susceptible to injury, and in need of exercise professionals (EP). However, assessment tools used by EPs for healthy populations may be underutilized in PD. We suggest these tools can quantify early lower extremity (LE) motor impairments otherwise not found during the Five Times Sit to Stand test (FTSTS), commonly used to assess LE strength and function in the rehabilitation setting. PURPOSE: Examine LE asymmetry, force and …

Validity And Reliability Of The Wattbike For The Wingate Anaerobic Test, Bernie F. Acevedo, Alex Rothstein, Michele Aquino, Christian Maia, Robert M. Otto, John Petrizzo, John Wygand, Amerigo Rossi, John Handrakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is widely recognized for assessing anaerobic power and capacity. While the Lode cycle ergometer has been validated for the WAnT, the Wattbike's validity and reliability require further investigation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Wattbike for conducting the WAnT by comparing its performance metrics in the "30-second test" setting to the WAnT on the Lode cycle ergometer. METHODS: 11 participants (male = 7, female = 4; age: Mean = 23 yrs 2.9 yrs; height: Mean = 171.5 cm 8.7 cm; weight: Mean = 76.8 kg 13.9 kg) ± ± ± Familiarization trials …

Case Report: The Treatment Of Chronic Pelvic Pain Utilizing Topical Amitriptyline-Ketamine Compound Cream, Junius Rosario, Chiemeka Onyima

Research Day

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a complex syndrome often associated with a variety of somatic, psychological, and functional impairments. This case report describes a 45-year-old woman with a history of CPP secondary to a traumatic delivery, who presented with persistent vaginal and perineal pain unresponsive to prior conservative therapies, including gabapentin and physical therapy. Following initiation of a multimodal treatment regimen incorporating a compounded topical cream containing 2% amitriptyline (AMI) and 0.5% ketamine (KET), the patient reported substantial improvement in pain, functionality, and quality of life. While the cream was well tolerated initially, prolonged use led to adverse effects, including …

The Underdiagnosis: Addressing The Underdiagnosis Of The Female Athlete Triad And Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport, Nicholas R. Bohannon, Kayla E. Hasty, Stacie Fairley, Robert Walker

Research Day

Introduction: Many elite athletes train their whole lives to reach elite status. For another set of athletes, their sports careers were cut short for one reason or another. The underdiagnosing of the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) might be the reason for some athletes. A few main barriers have prevented the medical community from accurately diagnosing athletes suffering from the Triad and RED-S.

Objective: This study investigates the critical barriers to early and accurate detection of the Triad and RED-S. Key obstacles include insufficient research, limited physician education, and inadequate awareness among athletes and …

Bilateral Anatomical Variation Of The Extensor Hallucis Longus: Dual Attachments To The Hallux, Setareh T. Khani, Austin S. Dobson, Julianne R. Fay, Grace A. Jones, Armando De La Nuez, Dennis Rossi, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Introduction:

The extensor hallucis longus (EHL) is a crucial muscle in the lower limb, responsible for the extension of the hallux and dorsiflexion of the ankle. While anatomical variation of the EHL has been documented, the extensor hallucis longus muscle typically has a single attachment on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux. Variations in its attachment sites can provide clinical significance for reconstructive procedures.

Methods:

Medical students at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) in South Georgia conducted a cadaveric dissection on a 69-year-old male. During a routine cadaver dissection, a bilateral observation …

Histopathological Changes At Thoracic Duct Bifurcations: Implications For Lymphatic Obstruction, Fibrosis, And Chylothorax Risk, Lily Dwyer, Melea Neely, Valerie Yepez, Tyler Stanton, D’Andre Edwards, Emranul Huq

Research Day

Introduction:

The thoracic duct (TD) is the primary lymphatic vessel responsible for transporting lymph into the venous system. Anatomical variants, including duplication, right-sided termination, and bifurcation, have been documented, though their clinical significance is not fully understood. Notably, studies indicate that the thoracic duct exhibits variant anatomy in approximately 40% of individuals, with multiple channels or partial duplications occurring in about 20% of cases. Bifurcation sites may experience unique structural and histopathological changes that contribute to dysfunction. However, little is known about how these sites may predispose individuals to lymphatic obstruction, fibrosis, and chylothorax.

Objective:

This study examines the variation …

The Impact Of General Anesthesia On Postoperative Respiratory Complications In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd): A Literature Review, Oscar Acosta, Lisandra Chinea, Amaan Ismail, Zain Ismail, Matthew Shelnutt

Research Day

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory disease characterized by airway narrowing and alveoli breakdown that eventually causes air trapping leading to increased Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and compromised expiration. COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which are common among smokers. Patients with COPD are at increased risk of perioperative complications, including but not limited to: Increased post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs), increased risk of respiratory infections, respiratory failure, prolonged ventilator dependence, and subsequent increased length of hospital stay. Understanding the relationship between COPD severity and postoperative outcomes is critical for optimizing perioperative management and reducing morbidity and mortality …

Unusual Branching Of The Axillary Artery: A Case Report On Subscapular Artery Variation, Brandon Worth, Doan Nguyen, Abigail Reynolds, Daniel Lee, Jay Rogers, Jodeci Mitchell, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

The axillary artery is a significant vascular structure in human anatomy that supplies oxygenated blood to the upper limb. Classically, the artery gives rise to six major branches that are typically divided into three parts based on their relationship to the pectoralis minor muscle. Even though variations in its branching pattern are well-documented, certain deviations are underrepresented in anatomical research but hold clinical significance. Awareness of these anomalies is essential for physicians in order to avoid vascular complications during procedures. During a cadaveric dissection of a 96-year-old female, we witnessed an uncommon variation in the axillary artery’s branching pattern. The …

Case Report: Ocular Syphilis With Rapid Loss Of Visual Acuity, Pathya Kunthy, John M. Roach

Research Day

Introduction: Syphilis is caused by the spirochete, Treponema pallidum. In 2023, over 200,000 cases of syphilis including congenital syphilis were reported in the US, which was a 61 percent increase since 2019. Ocular syphilis is rare but is a growing concern given the rising incidence of syphilis. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to vision loss. The aim of this report is to present a unique case of ocular syphilis and its associated findings.

Case Presentation: This is a case of a 58-year-old male in a large metropolitan city presented to an ophthalmologist complaining of floaters and blurry vision …

Definitive Surgical Management Of Uterus Didelphys: A Case Report, Emma High, Britany Dyer, Allison Tresner, Christine Lurie

Research Day

Uterus didelphys is a rare congenital Mullerian anomaly characterized by the presence of two uteri due to incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts during development. While often asymptomatic, it can be associated with significant gynecologic and obstetric complications, including dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia with an increased risk of premature births, c-sections, and miscarriages. We present the case of a 36-year-old female with a history of uterus didelphys having experienced recurrent miscarriages and severe dysmenorrhea. Management options, including reproductive counseling and potential surgical interventions, were explored. Given the severity of symptoms and reproductive challenges, definitive surgical management was pursued. This case highlights …

Descriptive Analysis Of Modified Baux Scores And Mortality In Burn Patients At Jms Burn Center: A Five-Year Institutional Analysis, Mark Shearer, Rajiv Sood

Research Day

Background: The modified Baux score is a widely used, easily calculated tool that combines patient age, total body surface area burned, and the presence of inhalation injury to predict mortality in burn patients. Despite its clinical utility, institutional data correlating modified Baux scores with observed mortality remain limited.

Objective: This study aims to retrospectively analyze modified Baux scores greater than 100 in a cohort of 119 patients of all ages, with 61 patients being over 50 years old, treated over the past 5 years at JMS Burn Center. The goal is to describe mortality rates across defined 10-point score intervals …

Genetic Associations With Heart Failure Across Ancestries: An Analysis Of The All-Of-Us Nih Database., Marisela Benitez, Thomas J. Last

Research Day

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently. This can be significantly influenced by genetic factors. Genetic predisposition varies across ancestries, which can impact disease susceptibility. This study identifies ancestry-specific and shared genetic variants associated with HF.

Methods

We analyzed the “All by All” genome-wide association study (GWAS) result tables within the All-of-Us NIH Database using phenotype code CV_424 for HF. Heart failure (HF) patients were stratified into American (AMR), African (AFR), and European (EUR) ancestry groups. The analysis of GWAS identified significant ancestry-specific variants, followed by a meta-analysis to …

Anatomical Variations Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Cadaveric Study On Sex And Age Differences, Amaan S. Ismail, Zain M. Ismail, Oscar E. Acosta, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Introduction

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a critical role in knee stability, particularly in controlling anterior translation and rotational movement of the tibia relative to the femur. Numerous studies have reported morphological differences in the ACL based on sex and age, which have implications for injury susceptibility, surgical reconstruction, and rehabilitation protocols. This study aims to investigate the anatomical variations of the ACL across different sexes and age groups, particularly within specific regions like South Georgia, contributing to a better understanding of its structural adaptations and clinical significance.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to document and …

A Case Of Cryptosporidiosis In An Iga Deficient Child, Macy Rowan, Preston Hawkins, Madison Morgan, Anthony Adetomiwa

Research Day

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important infectious cause of watery diarrhea in the general, pediatric, and immune-compromised populations, especially in underdeveloped countries and regions (CDC). Transmission primarily occurs through the ingestion of fecally contaminated water. After ingestion, the parasites invade the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and begin to multiply through asexual reproduction (CDC). Thus, mucosal immunity, especially by way of IgA, is likely critical in defending the host from infection (Borad). This illness is typically self-limiting in the general population. However, in the immune-compromised, it can lead to chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and life-threatening wasting (CDC). This prognosis is especially …

Evaluation Of Chronic Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, And Suppurative Hidradenitis (Pash) Syndrome And Its Effect On Kidney Function: A Cadaveric Study., Sydnee N. Jackson, Marisela Benitez, Kayla E. Hasty, Patrice Sarrazin, Gerardo J. Tabares, Cailin Ingram, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

INTRODUCTION

Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) syndrome is a rare, hereditary autoinflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of all three dermatological conditions. While PASH syndrome has only recently been identified, there is growing evidence linking pyoderma gangrenosum to kidney dysfunction. However, the relationship between kidney impairment and PASH syndrome remains largely unexplored. Understanding the potential impact of PASH syndrome on renal function is critical not only for advancing our knowledge of this rare condition, but also for improving patient management and treatment strategies. This case study aims to investigate the effect of PASH syndrome on kidney function through …

Meningococcal Sepsis In Pregnancy: A Case Of Neisseria Meningitidis Bacteremia In The First Trimester, Tiffany Pittman, Madison Morgan, Monica Drummond, Allison Tresner

Research Day

Introduction:

Meningococcal sepsis caused by Neisseria meningitidis is a rare but life-threatening infection, especially in pregnant women, where the risk of rapid deterioration can occur. The diagnosis of sepsis due to N. meningitidis in early pregnancy is particularly challenging due to limited treatment options that are safe for both mother and fetus. This case highlights the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia in an 8-week pregnant woman, providing valuable insights for clinicians treating systemic infections in pregnancy.

Case Presentation:

A 29-year-old female, gravida 4 para 2012, at 8 weeks and 6 days gestation with no other contributory …

Arachnidism Leading To A Complicated Infection In A Middle Aged Female, Monica S. Drummond, Carol A. Medina, Madison A. Morgan, Alex J. Studebaker

Research Day

Arachnids are known to seek out dark, undisturbed areas, where they can be secluded. Although generally not known for their aggression towards humans, they are known to bite when prompted. Most bites occur unknowingly while cleaning a storage area, putting on clothing/shoes, doing yard-work, or even rolling over in bed. Often, the bite is painless. The severity of a patient’s reaction to the bite originates from the genus of arachnida, the amount of venom injected, and the individual’s sensitivity to it. Several types of arachnid venoms are known to be cytotoxic and hemolytic. While many initial bites are commonly painless, …

Adhd Treatment In Adults: Evaluating The Efficacy Of Stimulant Medication Combined With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Lisandra Chinea, Monica Drummond

Research Day

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that presents with features of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity which impair concentration and normal neurocognitive function. Stimulant medications, namely Methylphenidate, are the first line treatment for ADHD, however, it carries potential side effects including but not limited to: headaches, anxiety, mood changes, hypertension, and tachycardia (Weibel et al., 2021). In addition to stimulants, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has shown promising results when treating adults with ADHD. The article “A comparison of efficacy between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and CBT combined with medication in adults with ADHD” revealed that CBT with or …

Investigation Of Generalized Lymphadenopathy And Lung Cancer: A Cadaveric Case Study, Maxwell F. Deen, Sydney E. Williams, Morgan L. Brown, Shacamryn A. Malone, Josianne M. Fils, Natalie R. Marrero, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Introduction:

Generalized lymphadenopathy is characterized by the abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body. This finding is clinically significant and can be indicative of potential systemic diseases, including but not limited to infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. Lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, often metastasizes to the lymph nodes. This case report aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between generalized lymphadenopathy and lung cancer through cadaveric dissection and laboratory testing. In this study, we observe a case where widespread lymph node enlargement is present in conjunction with diagnosed lung cancer, offering an opportunity …

Impact Of Marginal Artery Bifurcation On Coronary Blood Flow And Myocardial Perfusion: A Cadaveric And Histological Analysis, Valerie Yepez, Tyler Stanton, Lily Dwyer, D’Andre Edwards, Melea Neely, Md Emranul Huq

Research Day

Introduction

Coronary artery anatomy exhibits significant variability, with certain structural variations potentially influencing myocardial perfusion and predisposing individuals to ischemic heart disease. One such variation, the bifurcation of the left marginal artery, may alter coronary blood flow dynamics, leading to localized ischemia or increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Recent studies have identified bifurcation lesions as predictors of thrombotic events, suggesting that arterial bifurcations create a hemodynamic environment that may facilitate plaque deposition and clot formation. Given the role marginal artery has in supplying the lateral wall of the left ventricle, any disruption to the perfusion could have clinical implications for ischemic …