Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Meta-Analysis Of Tobacco Control Policies For Reducing Tobacco Consumption, Arya Kevin Naghdi

University Honors Theses

The harmful effects of tobacco consumption and smoking have been well documented, and the literature is conclusive on their negative effects. However, there is still a great deal of discussion to be had on which policies and strategies can be employed to decrease smoking rates. Tobacco control policies used in the past included tobacco taxes, smoke free zones, anti-smoking media, sale to minors bans, and advertising restrictions on tobacco companies. Yet, it is still unclear which policies are most effective and least effective when it comes to reducing smoking rates. A meta-analysis of 11 articles analyzing the effects of each …

Regenerative Medicine Therapy: Adipose Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Viral Myocarditis, David Gorelov, Damian N. Di Florio, Gary R. Salomon, Angita Jain, Nick E. Saikaili, Danielle J. Beetler, Swikriti Shrestha, Ming Tian, Joy Wolfram Phd, Delisa Fairweather Phd, Katelyn Bruno Phd, Judith D. Ochrietor Phd

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Objective: Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, is an autoimmune heart disease that can be caused by viruses, bacteria and toxins. Myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Currently there are no disease-specific therapies for treating myocarditis or preventing progression to DCM. Adipose Extracellular Vesicles (AEVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles that are released into the outside environment of adipocytes and provide promising regenerative potential for inflammatory diseases like myocarditis.

Methods: Lipoaspirate was obtained from women and men and AEVs isolated from the lipoaspirate using tangential flow filtration. We injected wild type male BALB/c mice with 250uL AEVs …

Apple Cider Vinegar Weight Loss Drinks On Pinterest, Sydney Chamberlain, Jana Mitchell, Davis Major, Lena Elimam, Cassandra Cleland

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Background: More than a third of adults in the U.S. are currently trying to lose weight. Social media, specifically Pinterest with more than 322 million users, has changed the way people seek health information specifically weight loss. Apple cider vinegar has shown great promise for weight loss in controlled lab settings, yet these claims are widely shared on social media and may not yield the same benefits.

Purpose: This study used directed content analysis to examine how apple cider vinegar weight loss drinks were portrayed on Pinterest, a social media website used to bookmark online content. Methods: Using the search …

Normative Does Not Mean Inclusive: A Diverse Approach To Size In Public Health Training, Courtney Boggs, Melinda Rule

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Western cultures, like the United States, typically adhere to the medicalized model of weight and weight loss (Kasardo, 2018; Matacin & Simone, 2019). The medicalized model upholds a Weight Normative Approach which assumes that: weight and disease are positively and causally related, weight loss correlates to better health, bodyweight is controllable, and significant weight loss is possible and sustainable for the majority of people (Calogero, Tylka, Mensinger, Meadows, & Danielsdotir, 2018). This model stigmatizes fat people in order to promote health; it may also create socialized internal weight stigmas (Calogero et. al., 2018). Internalized weight stigma is associated with stagnate …

Orthorexia Nervosa In College Students: Eating Disorder History, Gender, And Dieting Behaviors, Katrina Agger, Brittany Moran, Zhiping Yu Phd, Rnd, Ldn

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Objective: College students are at higher risk for the development of orthorexia nervosa (ON), a term used to describe the pathological obsession with healthy eating. This study aimed to assess how the factors of eating disorder (ED) history, gender, and dieting behaviors affect the ON in this population.

Methods: Students 18 years or older in a southeastern university were invited to take an online survey. Survey questions include Bratman Orthorexia Test (BOT), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and participant characteristics.

Results: 411 students (ages 18-65, BMI 15.1-55.5, female 75.2%, white 75.6%, graduate students 16.1%) have completed the survey. Comparing to students …

Cannabidiol (Cbd) Skincare On Instagram, Mckenzie Rooney, Meriam Elbahri, Katilin Shivers, Cristina Wilson, Julie Williams Merten Phd

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis, has emerged as a popular ingredient in skincare products. However, there is limited evidence on the benefits, efficacy, and safety of CBD for skincare. Despite this, CBD is widely endorsed on social media, specifically Instagram. With more than one billion active users and a heavy presence of “influencers”, Instagram is powerful source of health and beauty information.

Purpose: This study uses content analysis to examine how CBD skincare products are portrayed on Instagram. Methods: In 2019, using the search terms “CBD skincare” and “CBD skin”, researchers sampled every third post from the …

Forgiveness And Resiliency: The Role Of Forgiveness In Mitigating The Effects Of Daily Stressors And Fostering Overall Wellbeing, Danielle C. Free

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The field of contemplative science has produced promising research supporting the connection between prosocial skill-building and mental health. From a counseling perspective, this information can be utilized to improve present methodologies and analyze how concepts like forgiveness and meaning-making effect areas of dysfunction, mitigate the effects of daily stressors, and transform the impact of transgressions. The current presentation examines data from two pilot studies (St1 and St2) analyzing the theorized constructs of dispositional forgiveness, how these constructs can be reliably measured, and the benefit of cultivating forgiveness as a form of mental wellness inoculation.

Intake Of Fermented Vegetables And Inflammatory Markers In Women: A Pilot And Feasibility Clinical Study, Lauren Larger, Andrea Y. Arikawa

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and effect of consumption of fermented vegetables on blood markers of inflammation in women. A total of 34 women were randomized into one of three groups: fermented vegetable (Group A, n=11), non-fermented vegetable (Group B, n=13), and control (Group C, n=10). Participants in the vegetable groups were provided ½ cup of vegetables/day for six weeks, while the control group was asked to maintain their regular diet. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention for measurement of inflammatory markers. Blood pressure, body composition, dietary intake, side effects and …

Serial Killer & Childhood Trauma, Dani Adelstein, Ermanette Diaz, Matthew Hood, Caige Mcaulife, Tara Pickett, Melinda Rule, Tes Tuason Phd

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The current qualitative study sought to investigate the top 10 serial killers, with the highest confirmed kills, in the United States between the 1970-90s. Unlike previous research, we have chosen to focus on multiple serial killers with the highest confirmed kills as opposed to doing a case study of only one individual with media notoriety. We worked from a constructivist paradigm approach to analyze the correlations between experience of childhood trauma, victim statistics (age, sex and ethnicity), and mode of murder. Working from a phenomenology of qualitative research method we reviewed theoretical ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) scores of each killer …

"Being Motivated To Protect": The Influence Of Sexual Communal Motivations On Sexual Risk Taking, Robert V. Phillips, Sadana S. Mukundan, Luke J. Lovelady, Elizabeth R. Brown, Elissa M. Barr

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

College-aged students are a high-risk population for unplanned pregnancy with 40% of women between the ages of 18-20 experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. This can cause physical, mental, and emotional stress resulting in withdrawal from college for the student. Communal motivation (being oriented towards other’s needs) positively predicts condom use. WISE interventions, a simple yet impactful type of interventions targeted towards addressing a problem, have been shown to be successful. Participants completed a sexual risk behavior measure, sexual risk-taking measure and communal motivations (CM) measure following a sexual health video, and reflection activity were participants either applied the sexual health information …

Comparison Of Body Composition Assessment Methods In Healthy Adults, Tyson Smoot, Andrea Arikawa

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

This study aimed at validating direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA) as an effective means of measuring body composition when compared to air displacement plethysmography (ADP-Bod Pod) in adults. We also investigated the effect of recent water intake on the assessment of body composition by these methods. The study sample consisted of 61 healthy individuals, 24 males with mean age 25.5 and 38 females with mean age 22.2. Mean body mass index was 25.5 kg/m2 for males and 22.2 kg/m2 for females. Body composition was measured using three different assessment devices: Bod Pod, InBody 570, and Seca 514. Average body …

Pilot Study: Can College Students Recognize Whole Grains When Immersed In Virtual Reality, K. Walker, D. Osorio, A. O'Grady, M. Cain, K. Hicks-Roof

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Background: Knowledge and consumption of a variety of whole grains are limited in the college-age population. Immersion into virtual reality simulates one being transported from their current surroundings to a completely new atmosphere.

Methods: A pilot study was conducted to determine if college students would be able to correctly identify various grains while immersed in virtual reality. Participants (n=39) were asked to sample two similarly shaped grains (pearl couscous and whole grain sorghum) while immersed in a virtual reality on-campus cafe. Participant surveys captured demographics, a sensory analysis on grains tasted, history of grain consumption and grain nutrition knowledge.

Results: …

Comparison Of Partner Assisted Pnf Stretching And Strap Assisted Pnf Stretching, Nicole Koutras, Nicholas Kolassa, Richard Blanton, Peter Magyari

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Purpose: There are many studies comparing different methods of PNF stretching to each other and static stretching, but there are few studies comparing the use of a strap with PNF stretching. The lack of studies comparing unassisted strap PNF stretching to assisted PNF stretching for chronic increases in hamstring flexibility creates challenges in determining if using a strap is practical to recommend. Benefits of the strap include making PNF stretching more accessible to those who don’t have someone to assist them with PNF stretching, especially at home.

Methods: The study involved students who attend the University of North Florida and …

Tea Tree Oil Acne Treatments On Pinterest: Will It Save Your Face?, Madison Hoggarth, Hannah Goepfert, Sarah Whitney

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Background: The power of social media has defined many aspects of modern society and provides easy access to healthcare information. Specifically, Pinterest with more than 320 million monthly users provides a platform to share both product examples and homemade remedies. Acne affects between 40 to 50 million people in the U.S. causing physical irritation and emotional distress. Essential oils, especially tea tree oil, have shown antibacterial properties in acne treatment but proper application and use is critical.

Purpose: In this study, the portrayal of tea tree oil as an acne treatment on Pinterest and its efficacy as a topical acne …

Insights From The Influx Of Prescription Painkillers In Northeast Florida: A Retrospective Analysis, Joseph Free, Michelle Dedeo

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The opioid epidemic has had, and will have, long-lasting ramifications in the United States. To better understand its impact in the Northeast Florida, this research seeks to identify relationships between hydro- and oxycodone pill concentration at the county and zip code levels and socio-economic factors such as average adjusted gross income and opioid related mortality. This project utilizes time series, regression, and GIS methods to examine local opioid saturation and has led to the development of an interactive Tableau dashboard which allows users to view opioid saturation at various levels of granularity. This analysis is made possible by longitudinal data …

Not All Fruits And Vegetables Are Equal: Colors Of Fruits And Vegetables And Diabetes Risk In The U.S. Latino Population, Raymond Colon, Zhiping Yu

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Objectives: Fruits and vegetables (FV) play an important role in people’s health. The current study aimed to identify if specific colors of FVs are associated with type 2 diabetes (DM) risk in the United States Hispanic/Latino population.

Methods: This study used a subgroup of participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). This is a multi-center, prospective cohort study with 16,415 self-identified Hispanic/Latino individuals from 2008-2011. Data collected include anthropometrics, OGTT, dietary intake, medical history, physical activity, and sociodemographic information. FVs are categorized into five color groups: green, white, yellow/orange, red/purple, and uncategorized.

Results: Total 5,740 participants (ages …

The Influence Of Bias With Mental Health Counselors And Cisgender Men Wearing Makeup, Brandi Velasquez Nash

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The concepts of gender & sexuality within counselor diversity training continue to expand & change over time; therefore, it is essential that mental health professionals are knowledgeable of the changes faced by gender non-conforming (GNC) individuals, specifically cisgender men who wear makeup. This includes being aware of the biases and stigmas that GNC individuals face and understanding how those barriers affect their mental health.

Elements that are applicable to this population include: (a) the historical significance & implications of cisgender men who wear makeup, (b) social media platforms where cisgender men showcase their makeup skills, (c) cultural experiences of GNC …

Portrayal Of Nuclear Energy On Twitter, Seth Gozar, Alex Justice, Moon Ja, Tammy Cao

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Background: With more than 300 million active users, Twitter has become a platform to consume and share political rhetoric and popular science opinion. With long-held concerns of nuclear disasters, radioactive waste, and economic sustainability, nuclear energy is a particularly polarizing topic on Twitter.

Purpose: This study used directed content analysis to examine how nuclear energy is portrayed on Twitter, a popular social media microblogging website.

Methods: Using the search terms “nuclear energy” and “nuclear power,” researchers sampled tweets in the “Top” category, skipping 25 non-relevant tweets, for a total of 400 relevant tweets. A codebook was developed, pilot tested, and …

Unique Bodies, Unique Stories: Exploring The Mental Health Experiences Of Intersex Individuals, Courtney Boggs, Hannah Glusenkamp, April Jones, Terry Kirton, Faith Ponti, Cortney Surrency, Tes Tuason Phd

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

There is between 1 in 1,500 and 1 in 2,000 intersex births per year. The term intersex refers to infants born with genitalia that are not definitively male or female (“How common is intersex?,” n.d.). Though a relatively common birth condition, great societal and familial secrecy surrounds the issue of intersex conditions (Danon, 2019; Meoded-Danon & Yanay, 2016). Research shows that this secrecy, along with medical trauma from corrective and maintenance surgeries and confusion about one’s body and identity, can cause long-term mental health struggles among intersex individuals and their caretakers (Danon, 2019; Meoded-Danon & Yanay, 2016; Schweizer et al, …

Visibility Of Whiteness: Analyzing White Privilege Among Female Counseling Trainees, Caitlyn Murtha, Tes Tuason

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Interracial dialogues about racial issues are often accompanied by anger, anxiety and guilt. For example, the notion of Whiteness as a privileged status frequently provokes strong negative affect and denial in White persons (Sue, David Rivera, Capodilupo, Lin, & Torino, 2010; Powell, Branscombe, & Schmitt, 2005). McClelland and Linnander (2006) found that interpersonal contact is an important factor in changing racial attitudes among White counseling trainees. The current study sought to examine white female counseling trainees’ written reflections following a personal one-on-one dialogue with culturally different interviewees. Seventeen graduate counseling trainees who self-identified as White and were enrolled in a …

Determining Glioblastoma Proteome Changes In Response To Lateral Ventricle Neural Stem Cells, Lauren Whaley, Emily S. Norton, Natanael Zarco, Hugo Guerrero-Cazares

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary tumor in adults. When GBM tumors are located close to the lateral ventricle they display a more aggressive recurrence pattern and negatively impact patient survival. These findings suggest the involvement of the subventricular zone neurogenic niche in GBM malignancy. To define the inter-cellular communication between neural stem cells and GBM cells, we optimized a tool to determine cell-specific proteomic changes of GBM cells in response to neural stem cell proximity.

We cloned the mutated methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) gene into the lentiviral plasmid MetRS puro. MetRS allows for incorporation of azide-tagged methionine …

2020-04-08 A Message From Chancellor Roth, Paul B. Roth

HSC Messages from the Chancellor

No abstract provided.

Bismuth-Based Nanomaterials: Recent Advances In Tumor Targeting And Synergistic Cancer Therapy Techniques, Samireh Badrigilan, Jalal Choupani, Hashem Khanbabaei, Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Thomas J. Webster, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Despite all of the efforts in the field of cancer therapy, the heterogeneous properties of tumor cells induce an insufficient therapeutic outcome when treated with conventional monotherapies, necessitating a shift in cancer treatment from monotherapy to combination therapy for complete cancer treatment. Multifunctional bismuth (Bi)-based nanomaterials (NMs) with therapeutic functions hold great promise for the fields of cancer diagnosis and therapy based on their low toxicity, X-ray sensitive capabilities, high atomic number, near-infrared driven semiconductor properties, and low cost. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent advances in various medicinal aspects of Bi-based NMs is presented including: evaluation of in-tumor site …

The Tipping Point In Psychopathy: Role Of Psychopathic Traits In Trauma Exposure, Sneha M. Gupta

Student Theses

Though psychopathy has been associated with a socially deviant lifestyle, the idea of “successful” psychopathy has gained increased attention. Previous research has explored whether psychopathic traits play a role in trauma exposure/ PTSD, using clinical and forensic populations. Results from these studies suggest that Factor 1 traits may protect from trauma exposure (Factor 1 Theory) while Factor 2 traits may worsen the impact of trauma through exacerbated exposure to traumatic events. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between each of Factor 1 traits and Factor 2 traits with trauma exposure and PTSD. In a sample of …

High Supervised Resistance Training In Elderly Women: The Role Of Supervision Ratio, Denis Cesar Leite Vieira, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento, Vitor Tajra, Tatiane Gomes Teixeira, Darlan Lopes De Farias, Ramires Tibana, Alessandro Oliveira Silva, Thiago Santos Rosa, Milton Rocha Moraes, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, James W. Navalta, Jonato Prestes

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of very high supervision (VHS-RT) versus high supervision (HS-RT) ratio resistance training (RT) on irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), muscle strength, functional capacity, and body composition in elderly women. Participants performed daily undulating periodized RT over 16 weeks with two different supervision ratios: VHS-RT at 1:2 (supervisor/subject) or HS-RT at 1:5. Serum was used to analyze brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and irisin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while functional capacity was evaluated using the Six-minute walk test, and Timed Up and …

Aerodynamic Measurement Stability During Rabbit Versus Pig Benchtop Phonation, Megan Caroline Hoggan

Theses and Dissertations

Combination corticosteroid inhalers are the primary treatment option for long-term pulmonary disorders including asthma, persistent bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Common side effects of these medications are xerostomia in the mouth and throat, hoarseness, and soreness in the oropharynx. Research indicates that a large percentage of the inhaler particles are deposited onto laryngeal tissue, leaving an alteration of laryngeal mucosal properties. As the first stage in a long-term project, this thesis addresses the need for baseline phonatory data that will lay groundwork for quantifying inhaler-induced phonatory changes. Excised larynx research is a powerful tool for assessing aerodynamic alterations that …

Comorbidity Factors Influence Covid-19 Mortality Much More Than Age, Steven Gjerstad, Andrea Molle

ESI Working Papers

This paper demonstrates that once we control for comorbidity factors, age has a minor effect on COVID-19 mortality. This has implications for the treatment of current and recovered COVID-19 patients, including health screenings of recovered COVID-19 patients, triage decisions for patients in critical care, and prioritization of vaccinations when one is developed. The coronavirus epidemic in Italy has strained hospital resources, including ICU beds and ventilators for those experiencing acute respiratory failure. Studies of COVID-19 in China [1], Italy [2], and the United States [3] show that fatality rates increase rapidly with age, especially beyond age 60. The same studies …

Terfezia Boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer And Immunomodulatory Activities, Maha Farid Al Obaydi, Wafaa M. Hamed, Lina T. Al Kury, Wamidh H. Talib

All Works

© Copyright © 2020 Al Obaydi, Hamed, Al Kury and Talib. Desert truffles have high nutritional value and grow wild in the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Although, many studies were performed to evaluate truffles nutritious values and phytochemical composition, studies are limited to evaluate their anticancer and/ or immunomodulatory effects. Our study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Terfezia boudieri (desert truffle). Different solvent extracts were prepared from the truffle and MTT assay was used to measure their anticancer activity against cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HCT-116, and Hela). Total phenolic content in each …

Safe Consumption Facilities As Harm Reduction, Christina Jäderholm, Dana Crossby, Rachel Greim, Chelsea Peterson, Dawn Richardson

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Overview/Issue

Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the largest public health challenges in Oregon, with approximately 1-in-10 Oregonians living with SUD and some experiencing overdose annually. Safe Consumption Facilities (SCF) have been shown to facilitate entry into treatment programs and prevent fatal overdoses and needle sharing, but have not yet been implemented.

Challenges

SCFs have succeeded in Canada and Europe; yet several barriers exist to implementation in the U.S. The most common challenges include: low public support and a lack of understanding regarding SUD and harm reduction strategies; limited funding and research in the United States; and the complexities …

Defining Stress Among Oregon Corrections Professionals, Jessica T. Ballin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Corrections professionals experience some of the highest levels of chronic stress compared to other occupations. This leads to poor mental and physical health, increased mortality, negative job performance, and increased economic costs, such as work-related injuries, sick leave, worker’s compensation claims and disability. Improving health and safety among this occupation requires identifying the factors contributing to stress and the associated economic impact. We assessed corrections professionals (n=296) working at six different Oregon Department of Corrections facilities near the Portland-area of varying security levels. Participants completed a cross-sectional survey, including demographics, work history and validated stress and occupational constructs. The outcome …