Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pretreatment With Naltrindole Generates Dose Dependent Effects On Reduction Of Infarct Size During Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion In An In-Vivo Model, Annam Humayun, Sunit Singh, Arianna Gray, Devani Johnson, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young, Wangde Dai, Robert Kloner

Research Day

Over one million individuals experience a myocardial infarction (MI) every year. Currently, no therapeutic is available to salvage necrotic cardiac tissue following an MI. The use of a prophylactic agent to reduce infarct size in patients at high risk for an MI would attenuate the development of heart failure. Interventional cardiologists state that a 25% reduction in infarct size is clinically meaningful to reduce heart failure. Previously, a 5 min pretreatment with high dose (HD) naltrindole (NTI) (7.5 mg/kg x 5 min = 37.5 mg/kg, n=3) resulted in a robust 74% (15±6%) reduction in infarct size compared to control in …

A Case Of Double-Positive Anti-Gbm And Mpo-Anca Vasculitis With No Pulmonary Involvement, Deonnie W. Huang, Patrick May, Thanh Nguyen

Research Day

Introduction

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a small vessel vasculitis caused by autoantibodies directed at the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is pauci-immune with no immune deposits. Both vasculitides can lead to precipitation of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. We report a case of a 58 year-old male who presented with acute renal failure with double positive anti-GBM and myeloperoxidase-anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) but no pulmonary involvement.

Case Presentation

Patient is a 58-year-old male with a past medical history of nicotine dependence who presented to the hospital with abnormal blood work. …

Vision Loss: A Rare Complication Of Intravenous T-Pa In The Treatment Of Acute Ischemic Stroke, Shreya Dundumalla, Brian Smith

Research Day

An 86-year-old African American female presented to a community hospital with intractable left shoulder pain and was admitted for the correction of electrolyte abnormalities. Three days into her hospital course, she developed altered mental status, dysarthria, and facial droop. A CT scan showed no evidence of acute intracranial hemorrhage. After neurologic evaluation and informed consent was given by the patient’s daughter, the decision was made to administer intravenous t-PA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Two hours after tPA administration, a CT scan showed no evidence of hemorrhagic conversion. Four hours later, the patient began to complain of redness, …

The Effects Of Mitoquinone Pretreatment On Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiac Dysfunction, Kimberly Dawes, Juliet Melnik, Meagan Lyons, Jonathan Amora, Lindon H. Young, Robert J. Barsotti, Qian Chen

Research Day

Introduction:

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anti-cancer drug notorious for its irreversible cardiac toxicity. Currently, Dexrazoxane is the only FDA-approved treatment for this toxicity. However, Dexrazoxane still bears some serious adverse events, and developing new strategies to mitigate DOX-induced heart damage is critical. Our lab has shown that pretreatment of the H9c2 myoblast cells with mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, and significantly improved cells’ resiliency to DOX. This study aimed to determine if MitoQ pretreatment can preserve cardiac function against DOX-induced damage in isolated rat hearts.

Objectives:

The effects of DOX and MitoQ on cardiac function were evaluated in …

Perfect Storm? Covid-19, Area Deprivation, And Their Association With Pediatric Trauma, Devon Pace, Paulo Castro, Julia Gong, Brandon George, Russell Mcintire, Charles Paidas, Loren Berman, Rosemary Frasso, Colin Plover

Research Day

Introduction: Social determinants of health (SDOH) affect pediatric injury patterns as vulnerable populations are likely to experience more frequent or severe injuries. This study evaluates the association of COVID-19 and area deprivation with pediatric traumatic injuries.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated institutional level I pediatric trauma encounters from 1/2018-8/2022. Patients were assessed relative to the U.S. pandemic declaration date (3/11/2020): pre-COVID (<3/11/2020), early post-COVID (3/11/2020-3/11/2021), and late post-COVID (>3/11/2021). The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) measured SDH-related risk at a census block tract group level. Associations between ADI and COVID-19 and injury mechanism and outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU]/ventilator duration, hospital length of stay, and mortality) were assessed …

Association Of Operative Approach With Postoperative Outcomes In Neonates Undergoing Surgical Repair Of Esophageal Atresia And Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Devon Pace, Paulo Castro, Shale J. Mack, David H. Rothstein, Courtney Devin, Emily Sagalow, Allison F. Linden, Matthew Boelig, Loren Berman

Research Day

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is gaining traction as a first-line approach to repair congenital anomalies. This study aims to evaluate outcomes for neonates undergoing open versus MIS repairs for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).

Methods: Neonates undergoing EA/TEF repair from 2013-2020 were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. Proportions of operative approach (open vs. MIS) over time were analyzed. A propensity score-matched analysis using preoperative characteristics was performed and outcomes were compared including composite morbidity and reintervention rates (overall, major [thoracoscopy, thoracotomy], and minor [chest/feeding tube placement, endoscopy]) between operative approaches. Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test …

Sex And Gender Differences In Attention-Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder (Adhd): A Literature Review, Kaitlyn N. Blair, Min Young Kim

Research Day

Background:

The American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) Sex and Gender Health Collaborative identified the need for a concise factsheet for clinicians outlining sex and gender differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) as ADHD is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and frequently misdiagnosed in women due to lack of recognition of gender-specific presentation. AMWA's goal is to improve access and exposure to sex and gender differences in healthcare as few medical schools educate students on these differences. The poster summarizes the reviewed literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, referral for, prevention, clinical presentation, and treatment of ADHD with a goal to reduce sex and …

Development And Evaluation Of A Virtual Postpartum Psychosocial Support Program Based Upon Acceptance And Commitment Therapy (Act), Tori E. Abdalla, Alexa Bonacquisti

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Improving psychological adjustment and support among women in the postpartum period has great personal and public health significance, with the potential to improve quality of life and functioning for women, children, and families. Despite growing recognition of this need, availability and accessibility of specialized postpartum treatments remain limited, particularly in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lack of in-person treatment options. This project sought to address this need through the development and evaluation of a postpartum psychosocial support program that is delivered in a virtual format.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the project was two-fold: (1) …

Role Of Lipid Droplets And Prostaglandine2 In Coxiella Burnetii Intracellular Growth, Yasmina Sultan, Courtney Wilson, Maria Biancaniello, Steven Wooten, Minal Mulye

Research Day

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that typically infects livestock. In humans, inhalation of Coxiella results in Q fever presented as an atypical pneumonia which may relapse after a prolonged latent period leading to potentially fatal endocarditis. Our goal is to determine the mechanisms Coxiella employs to survive long-term in the host. While the bacterium initially infects alveolar macrophages, in endocarditis patients Coxiella is found in foamy macrophages that are rich in neutral lipid storage organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). Our previous studies show that Coxiella manipulates host LD metabolism via the Type 4 Secretion System (T4SS), a major …

Myristoylated Protein Kinase C Epsilon Peptide Inhibitor (Myr-Pkc Ε-) Mitigates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury And Pkcε Translocation To Epithelial Cell Membranes In Vivo, Zinya Talukder, Sunit G. Singh, Alexis B. Verwoert, Tameka C. Dean, Devani Johnson, Lisa Shah, Shino Sleeper, Juliet Melnik, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Yanlin Jiang, James George, Anupam Agarwal, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction:

Delayed graft function (DGF), a post-transplant acute kidney injury, occurs in one-third (~7000) of the total number of kidney transplant recipients (~20,000) in the U.S. annually. It is characterized by prolonged ischemia (~20 mins) and subsequent restoration of blood flow to the previously ischemic renal tissue. Collectively, this is described as renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During reperfusion of blood to the previously ischemic renal tissue, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrial and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is known to contribute to increased ROS-induced infarct size during reperfusion in myocardial I/R. Previously, Myr-PKCε- when given i.v. …

Maternal Attitudes, Adjustment, Health Behaviors, And Social Support Among Mothers Of Infants In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ryanne N. Schaad, Alexa Bonacquisti, Elizabeth Greco, Chloe Hriso

Research Day

Introduction: A growing body of research suggests that an infants’ admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with adverse maternal mental health outcomes. Maternal attitudes, adjustment to motherhood, social support, and health behaviors may be important modifiable factors that could improve quality of life and well-being among NICU mothers. The current study examined the relationships among maternal attitudes, adjustment to motherhood, health behaviors, social support, and psychological functioning in NICU mothers.

Methods: One hundred twenty-seven women were recruited from NICUs at three hospitals in the Philadelphia area and completed self-report measures while in the NICU. Descriptive analyses …

Growing The Pipeline Of Men Of Color In Medicine, Mark Martin, Jacquelyn Gerhart, Marcine Pickron-Davis

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare professions suffer from an imbalance in the number of culturally and ethnically diverse providers and the populations they serve. This poster presentation will illustrate our commitment to mitigating the dearth of underrepresented men in medicine. Currently, African Americans make up 13% of the U.S. population, but only 4% of U.S. doctors and less than 7% of U.S. medical students. (Of active U.S. doctors in 2013, 48.9% were white, 11.7% were Asian, 4.4% were Hispanic or Latinx, and 0.4% were American Indian or Alaska Native.) (HBR, August 10, 2018). In 1986, 57% of black medical school graduates were men …

Synthetic Or Not: Implications Of Hormonal Birth Control On Women's Hormones And The Cortisol Stress Response, Madeline Perry '23

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Women’s bodies are the subject of decision-making and control, yet women’s lives are dismally ignored. The field of women’s health is highly understudied, and the demand for that adequate research must be granted to the women’s health field. This interdisciplinary research study investigated stress response differences between hormonal birth control users and non-users. Hormonal birth control (HBC) is one of the greatest technologies afforded to women and further research is necessary to ensure women are guaranteed bodily autonomy and women’s health education. Due to altered hormonal signaling, HBC has been linked to behavioral and decision-making differences in women. Building off …

An Overview Of Viruses And The Infamous Sars-Cov-2, Jake Sun

The Confluence

Background information on viruses is first presented which include topics like evolution, ecology, history, identification, structure, and application. The novel SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, pandemic originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Millions of people were infected with the virus in a short time period causing urgent concern worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief and general understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 to increase awareness and actions toward preventive measures. COVID-19 is a (+) ssRNA spherical enveloped virion that causes primarily respiratory illnesses. The S protein interacts with ACE-2 receptors on the host cell to gain entry …

The Myth Of Wellness: Deconstructing High, Contemporary Black Maternal Mortality Rates In The United States, Inaara Sultanali '23

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Maternal mortality is widely acknowledged as one of many general indicators of overall health of a population, of status of women in society, and of functioning of the health system (World Health Organization [WHO], 2001). The United States, among one of the most high-income countries, ranks near the top in maternal mortality and the trend is increasingly exacerbating (Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC], 2022). There are stark racial disparities within the United States’ maternal mortality rates; Black women in the United States are three to four times more likely to die from a pregnancy-related death than their White counterparts …

The Effects Of Post-Warm-Up Recovery Time On Swim Performance, Samantha Loudermilk '23

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Competitive swimmers are faced with a range of post-warm-up recovery times (PWRTs) during competitions. Previous exercise science literature suggests that the optimal PWRT is between 8-20 minutes. However, research specific to competitive swimmers has focused on comparisons to longer PWRTs. Further, there is limited research comparing multiple PWRTs, especially PWRTs less than 20 minutes. PURPOSE To investigate the impact of PWRTs ranging from 5-20 minutes prior to swim performance. METHODS Baseline heart rate and core temperature were estimated at the start of each session. Swimmers then completed a standardized swim warm-up. Measures of heart rate (HR), skin temperature (ST), and …

Power, Pleasure, And Privilege: Defining Depauw’S Hookup Culture And Its Mental Health Implications, Reanna Stiehler '23

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Hookup culture is not primarily about sex, pleasure, connection, or freedom. Hookup culture is about power—how power is used, distributed, and desired. Previous work in hookup culture discusses a discourse of desire; however, the root and nature of this desire are unclear. I posit that hookup culture, as it currently exists, is strongly related to rape culture. In this thesis, I will explicate my anecdotal, qualitative, and quantitative evidence supporting this hypothesis.

This thesis provides an overview of what hookup culture is at a broad level. It then focuses more specifically on defining it at DePauw and considering the impact …

Zirconia Vs Pfm For Long Span Fpds, Aayushma Hamal, Hajira Virk, Varun Sehgal, Priya Prasannakumar, Patrick Pansoy

Excellence Day

To compare distinct characteristics of the restorative materials i.e., Zirconia and PFM for long-span FPDs.

Polymer Chemistry Of Dental Adhesives, Alia Rubaie

Excellence Day

Dental adhesives are water soluble, non-toxic materials that bind composite resins to dentin and enamel. Adhesive systems are dependent on a polymerization process at the interface and require different moieties to prepare the substrate to effectively interact with the tooth surface. Due to their critical role in restorative procedures, many chemists are interested in strengthening the adhesive bond strength at the interface. The review paper I published in the Pacific Journal of Health covers the evolution of dental adhesive systems over time and provides an extensive overview of what components make up a dental adhesive system. Additionally, the article explores …

Orofacial Pain Classification Diagnostic Tool, Anglea Chen

Excellence Day

This diagnostic tool was created to assist dental professionals in diagnosing orofacial pain conditions including trigeminal neuralgias, neuropathic pain, and idiopathic pain. The goal is for practitioners of all experience levels to be able to quickly and accurately diagnose these conditions.

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block In Pediatric Patients: Quantitative Assessment, Elisa Wang, Kelly Fong, Taylor Pearl, Sahar Rahnemabayat

Excellence Day

Pediatric inferior alveolar nerve block landmarks are poorly defined and quantitative assessments of their efficacy are unavailable. We assessed landmarks/planes employed in pediatric IA blocks, and a new landmark, to establish their value.

Literature Review: Gingival Retraction Systems For Indirect Restorations, Fotima Jaludi, Nurain Rehman, Priyanka Unnam, Jim Milani

Excellence Day

Fixed prosthodontics requires accurate impressions to record the finish lines, which is instrumental for the success of a single crown or fixed dental prosthesis. If the finish line is adjacent to or below the gingival margin, an adequate amount of gingival retraction is necessary to capture the impression that will help the lab in delivering a therapeutic, preventive, and esthetically stable restoration. This review discusses the different gingival retractions methods to achieve maximum hemostasis and retraction for successful indirect restorations.

Shear Bond Strength Of Chemically-Cured And Light-Cured Bulk Composites As Different Temperatures, George Ibrahim, Ryan Conlon

Excellence Day

The purpose of this study is to compare the shear-bond strength of a chemically-cured bulk composite and a light-cured bulk composite. The chemically-cured bulk composite was delivered at room temperature. The light-cured composite was delivered at room temperature and at 155 degrees Fahrenheit. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference among the three groups.

Gingival Crevicular Flow (Volume) As A Biomarker Of Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Harrison Truman, Nina Stevens, Tyler Starley

Excellence Day

Tooth movement is caused by the application of force. In short, applied force strains structures present in the PDL space – cells, ligaments, blood vessels. Cells in the PDL are damaged by extension and by diminished oxygen supply due to compression of blood vessels. Compounds released from damaged or dead cells trigger an innate inflammatory response. One of the biomarkers of that response is increased formation of extracellular fluid (edema), specifically gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Our goal is to monitor changes of GCF flow during the orthodontic treatment with Invisalign.

Hazardous Noise Level Measured In A Dental Clinic: A Comprehensive Study, Isabella P. Gantman, Nico Scordakis, Samantha Rodriguez, Emily Bernard, Bina Surti, Karen A. Schulze, Fadi Najem, Joing Hu

Excellence Day

This project intends to determine the amount of long term noise exposure to dentists in the modern-day dental environment. By systematically conducting noise collection within a standard dental environment, the institution can identify ways to minimize the amount of noise within the dental environment. This will provide new instruments and or resources to dentists to mitigate the overall risk of dental health professionals in relation to hearing loss over time.

Screw Loosening In Cast-To-Ucla Abutment Versus Cad-Cam Abutment Design In Last Five Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Jasdeep Kaur Cheema, Steven Sadowsky

Excellence Day

In recent years, the use of screw retained implant supported prostheses has increased compared with cement-retained designs because of its biological advantages and retrievability. The UCLA castable abutment has been the mainstay for screw-retained porcelain fused to metal (PFM) implant crowns. It consists of a plastic cylinder that connects to the abutment which can be customized by waxing and casting using base or noble metal alloy. While PFM implant crowns using the UCLA abutment allows for minimal interocclusal space (5 mm) unlike other screw-retained designs, it has been linked to increase in mechanical complications such as screw loosening and screw …

Comparison Of Zirconia And Lithium Disilicate As A Restorative Material, Jemima Chatla, Urvi Sanghvi, Elham Shakeri

Excellence Day

Background: Zirconia and Lithium disilicate have been widely utilized in dental restorations for both partial and full coverage procedures, employing monolithic and layered methods. Objective: The aim of this literature review was to assess these materials and compare them based on various criteria, such as tooth preparation, bonding techniques, optical and mechanical properties, clinical performance, biocompatibility, marginal fit and adaptation. Additionally, this review also compared the clinical applications of these materials in different types of restorations including full and partial coverage restorations, implants, fixed partial dentures, and endocrowns.

Accuracy Of 3-D Automated Landmark Identification On Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Joyce Choi, Jake Nealon

Excellence Day

To evaluate the accuracy of a fully automated landmark identification (ALI) system as a tool for automatic landmark location compared with human judges. Materials and

Traditional Vs Resin Cements For Indirect Restorations, Parveena Ganesh, Dhruvesh Gupta, Parveen Poliki, Tanvir Singh

Excellence Day

Indirect restorations, such as inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges, require a reliable cementation method to ensure long-term success. Aim of this literature is to compare various cementation options that are available, advantages and disadvantages of different materials using conventional cementation or adhesive cementation .Also this discusses the rationale in selecting the choice and techniques in different clinical situations. In conclusion, both traditional and resin cements have their advantages and disadvantages for indirect restoration cementation. The choice of cement type depends on the clinical situation and the preferences of the clinician. Traditional cements may be preferred in situations where high bond …

Replacement Of Missing Teeth: Fpd Vs Implants Vs Removable Prostheses, Pooja Bashyal, Andrew Lee, Maninder Singh

Excellence Day

This literature review strives to understand different treatment modalities for replacing missing teeth, specifically, considerations for choosing between implants, bridges, and removable dentures.