Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling In The Eye, Ruchi Shah, Cynthia Amador, Steven T Chun, Sean Ghiam, Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh, Andrei A Kramerov, Alexander V Ljubimov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Wnt signaling comprises a group of complex signal transduction pathways that play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during development, as well as in stem cell maintenance and adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt pathways are classified into two major groups, canonical (β-catenin-dependent) or non-canonical (β-catenin-independent). Most previous studies in the eye have focused on canonical Wnt signaling, and the role of non-canonical signaling remains poorly understood. Additionally, the crosstalk between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye has hardly been explored. In this review, we present an overview of available data on ocular non-canonical Wnt signaling, including developmental …

Genome-Wide Association Study Of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection In The Million Veteran Program, Derek Klarin, Poornima Devineni, Anoop K Sendamarai, Anthony R Angueira, Sarah E Graham, Ying H Shen, Michael G Levin, James P Pirruccello, Ida Surakka, Purushotham R Karnam, Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Yanming Li, Minxian Wang, Krishna G Aragam, Kaavya Paruchuri, Verena Zuber, Gabrielle E Shakt, Noah L Tsao, Renae L Judy, Ha My T Vy, Shefali S Verma, Daniel J Rader, Ron Do, Joseph E Bavaria, Girish N Nadkarni, Marylyn D Ritchie, Stephen Burgess, Dong-Chuan Guo, Patrick T Ellinor, Scott A Lemaire, Dianna M Milewicz, Cristen J Willer, Pradeep Natarajan, Philip S Tsao, Saiju Pyarajan, Scott M Damrauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The current understanding of the genetic determinants of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) has largely been informed through studies of rare, Mendelian forms of disease. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TAAD, testing ~25 million DNA sequence variants in 8,626 participants with and 453,043 participants without TAAD in the Million Veteran Program, with replication in an independent sample of 4,459 individuals with and 512,463 without TAAD from six cohorts. We identified 21 TAAD risk loci, 17 of which have not been previously reported. We leverage multiple downstream analytic methods to identify causal TAAD risk genes and …

Treatment Of Covid-19 Symptoms With Over The Counter (Otc) Medicines Used For Treatment Of Common Cold And Flu., Ronald Eccles, Guy Boivin, Benjamin J. Cowling, Andrew Pavia, Rangaraj Selvarangan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Persons suffering from acute upper respiratory tract viral infections (URTI) commonly use over the counter (OTC) medicines to relieve symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, cough, runny nose, sore throat and nasal congestion. At present OTC medicines are only licensed for treatment of common cold and flu symptoms and not for treatment of the same symptoms associated with COVID-19. The innate immune response responsible for the mechanisms of the symptoms of URTI is the same for all respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and these symptoms can be relieved by treatment with the same OTC medicines as available for treatment of colds …

Author Correction: Multiscale Reorganization Of The Genome Following Dna Damage Facilitates Chromosome Translocations Via Nuclear Actin Polymerization, Jennifer Zagelbaum, Allana Schooley, Junfei Zhao, Benjamin R Schrank, Elsa Callen, Shan Zha, Max E Gottesman, André Nussenzweig, Raul Rabadan, Job Dekker, Jean Gautier

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Multi-Center Validation Of The Mcgovern Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Screening Score, Sidish S Venkataraman, Joseph P Herbert, Vijay M Ravindra, Bangning N Yu, Robert J Bollo, Charles S Cox, Stephen R Gannon, David D Limbrick, Robert P Naftel, Irma T Ugalde, Brian K Yorkgitis, Howard L Weiner, Manish N Shah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is defined as blunt trauma to the head and neck leading to damage to the vertebral and/or carotid arteries; debate exists regarding which children are considered at high risk for BCVI and in need of angiographic/vessel imaging. We previously proposed a screening tool, the McGovern score, to identify pediatric trauma patients at high risk for BCVI, and we aim to validate the McGovern score by pooling data from multiple pediatric trauma centers. This is a multi-center, hospital-based, cohort study from all prospectively registered pediatric (age) trauma patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) between 2003 …

Stress Responses And Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Efficiency Of Oocystis Lacustris In Saline Ammonium-Contaminated Wastewater Treatment, Linda Ewing-Cobbs, Christina V Danna, Tammy D Tolar, Douglas Granger, Charles S Cox, Mary R Prasad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Traumatic injury is linked increasingly to alterations in both stress response systems and psychological health. We investigated reactivity of salivary analytes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol) and autonomic nervous system (salivary alpha amylase, sAA) during a psychosocial stress procedure in relation to psychological health outcomes. In a prospective cohort design, stress reactivity of children ages 8 to 15 years hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 74) or extracranial injury (EI; n = 35) was compared with healthy controls (n = 51) 7 months after injury. Area under the curve increase (AUCinc) assessed pre-stressor to post-stressor cortisol and …

Satisfaction Of Older Patients With Emergency Department Care: Psychometric Properties And Construct Validity Of The Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale, Peter L T Hoonakker, Pascale Carayon, Roger L Brown, Rebecca Schwei, Rebecca K Green, Mackenzie Rabas, Ly Hoang, Kathryn L Wust, Rachel Rutkowski, Megan E Salwei, Hanna J Barton, Manish N Shah, Michael S Pulia, Brian W Patterson, Paula V W Dail, Sheryl Krause, Denise Buckley, Jennifer Hankwitz, Nicole E Werner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of quality of care, but its measurement remains challenging. The Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS) was developed to measure patient satisfaction in the emergency department (ED). Although this is a valid and reliable tool, several aspects of the CECSS need to be improved, including the definition, dimension, and scoring of scales.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the CECSS and make suggestions on how to improve the tool to measure overall satisfaction with ED care.

METHODS: We administered 2 surveys to older adults who presented …

The Stability Of Fixation Of Vancouver B2 Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures: Effect Of Implantation Technique, Robert Frangie, Shuyang Han, Philip C Noble, Jonathan E Gold, Nicholas D Lanfermeijer, Kartik I Reddy, Sabir K Ismaily, Jacob Su, Steven J Schroder, David Rodriguez-Quintana

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Due to increasing volume of total hip arthroplasties, periprosthetic femoral fractures have become a common complication with increased revision burden and perioperative morbidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fixation stability of Vancouver B2 fractures treated with 2 techniques.

Methods: A common B2 fracture was created by reviewing 30 type B2 cases. The fracture was then reproduced in 7 pairs of cadaveric femora. The specimens were divided into 2 groups. In Group I ("reduce-first"), the fragments were reduced first, followed by implantation of a tapered fluted stem. In Group II ("ream-first"), the stem was implanted in …

Selective Use Of Dual-Mobility Did Not Significantly Reduce 90-Day Readmissions Or Reoperations After Total Hip Arthroplasty, Trevor Simcox, Vivek Singh, Ethan Ayres, William Macaulay, Ran Schwarzkopf, Vinay K Aggarwal, Matthew S Hepinstall

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Selective use of dual mobility (DM) implants in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients at high dislocation risk has been proposed. However, evidence-based utilization thresholds have not been defined. We explored whether surgeon-specific rates of DM utilization correlate with rates of readmission and reoperation for dislocation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 14,818 primary THA procedures performed at a single institution between 2011 and 2021, including 14,310 fixed-bearing (FB) and 508 DM implant constructs. Outcomes including 90-day readmissions and reoperations were compared between patients who had FB and DM implants. Cases were then stratified into 3 groups based on the attending surgeon's …

Does Surgical Approach To The Hip Play A Role In Same-Day Discharge Outcomes?, Brandon Passano, Trevor Simcox, Vivek Singh, Utkarsh Anil, Ran Schwarzkopf, Roy I Davidovitch

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Different approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) may offer advantages in regard to achieving same-day-discharge (SDD) success.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent elective primary THA from 2015 to 2020 who were formally enrolled in a single institution's SDD program. A total of 1,127 and 207 patients underwent THA via direct anterior approach and posterior approach, respectively, were included. Cohorts were assigned based on approach. The primary outcome was failure-to-launch, defined as hospital stay extending past 1 midnight. Secondary outcomes included Forgotten Joint Score-12, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement, 90-day …

Are Orthopedic Hand Surgeons Undercompensated For Time Spent In The Operating Room? A Study Of Relative Value Units, Trevor Simcox, Sakib Safi, Jacob Becker, Jason Kreinces, Adam Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: This study aims to investigate whether compensation is equitable among the most commonly performed orthopedic hand surgeries and when compared with general orthopedic procedures.

Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all orthopedic procedures, from 2016 to 2018, performed more than 150 times using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Physician work relative value unit (wRVU) data were obtained from the 2020 US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services fee schedule. Linear regressions were used to determine whether there was an association among wRVU, operative time, and wRVU per hour (wRVU/h). Reimbursement for hand surgery CPT …

Predictors And Temporal Trends Of Withdrawal Of Life-Sustaining Therapy After Acute Stroke In The Florida Stroke Registry, Ayham Alkhachroum, Lili Zhou, Negar Asdaghi, Hannah Gardener, Hao Ying, Carolina M Gutierrez, Brian M Manolovitz, Daniel Samano, Danielle Bass, Dianne Foster, Nicole B Sur, David Z Rose, Angus Jameson, Nina Massad, Mohan Kottapally, Amedeo Merenda, Robert M Starke, Kristine O'Phelan, Jose G Romano, Jan Claassen, Ralph L Sacco, Tatjana Rundek

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Temporal trends and factors associated with the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) after acute stroke are not well determined.

DESIGN: Observational study (2008-2021).

SETTING: Florida Stroke Registry (152 hospitals).

PATIENTS: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Importance plots were performed to generate the most predictive factors of WLST. Area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating curve were generated for the performance of logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) models. Regression analysis was applied to evaluate temporal trends. Among 309,393 AIS patients, 47,485 ICH patients, and …

Steroids For The Treatment Of Viral Encephalitis: A Systematic Literature Review And Meta-Analysis, Emira Hodzic, Rodrigo Hasbun, Alejandro Granillo, Anna R Tröscher, Helga Wagner, Tim J Von Oertzen, Judith N Wagner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Specific antiviral treatment is only available for a small subset of viral encephalitis (VE). Adjunctive steroids are used, but there is scant evidence evaluating its utility. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcome of steroid use in VE.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and reported it according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Two observational studies from unpublished or partially published data were added. For the meta-analysis, we employed the metaphor package of the statistical software R-4.3.1.

Results: We screened 378 studies and included 50. 155 patients were …

Are There Sex Differences In Interactive Associations Of Environmental Exposure To Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), And Manganese (Mn) With Gst Genes (Gstp1, Gstt1, And Gstm1) In Relation To Asd In Jamaican Children?, Hiba T Zwiya, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Jan Bressler, Minjae Lee, Courtney Byrd-Williams, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L Grove, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Katherine A Loveland, Mohammad H Rahbar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Male preponderance is well-established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes play a crucial role in suppressing oxidative stress triggered by environmental stressors.

Objective: To determine whether the association between metals and ASD differs by sex and by GST genes.

Methods: Using data from 344 pairs of sex-and age-matched cases and controls, we assessed the association of each metal with ASD or ASD severity, by applying conditional logistic regression (CLR) or general linear models (GLM). Sex was assessed as an effect modifier in separate GST genetic models.

Results: For Pb exposure, using a recessive model …

Bystanders Or Not? Microglia And Lymphocytes In Aging And Stroke, Justin N Nguyen, Anjali Chauhan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and …

Postoperative Complications Of True Dropless Cataract Surgery Versus Standard Topical Drops, Evan K Wotipka, Alex J Wright, James Z Fan, David Fuhriman, Alice Z Chuang, Grace C Lindhorst, Robert M Feldman, Eric L Crowell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose Compare postoperative outcomes in cataract surgery between eyes with standard drop regimen versus dropless protocol by residents.

Design Retrospective cohort study between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020.

Methods The study was performed at Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital in Houston, Harris County, Texas. A total of 547 eyes (234 dropless vs. 313 standard) with phacoemulsification cataract surgery and minimum of 1-month follow-up with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were included. Dropless received 40 mg sub-Tenon's triamcinolone and intracameral moxifloxacin. Patients were followed at postoperative day 1 (POD1), week 1 (POW1), and month 1 (POM1). Postoperative rate of BCVA …

Microalbuminuria In Perinatally Hiv-Infected Children And Adolescents In The United States, Roukaya Al Hammoud, Anupama Kalaskar, Gilhen Rodriguez, Gabriela Del Bianco, Cynthia Bell, James R Murphy, Gloria P Heresi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The kidney is a common target for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), making renal disease a common noninfectious complication of HIV. Microalbuminuria is an important marker that can detect early renal damage. Timely detection of microalbuminuria is important to initiate renal management and stop the progression of renal dysfunction in people with HIV. Limited data are available about renal abnormalities in people with perinatal HIV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a cohort of perinatally HIV-infected children and young adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy and investigate correlations between microalbuminuria and clinical and …

Substrate Derived Sequences Act As Subsite-Blocking Motifs In Protease Inhibitory Antibodies, Hyunjun Choe, Tara Antee, Xin Ge

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Proteases are involved in many physiologic processes, and dysregulated proteolysis is basis of a variety of diseases. Specific inhibition of pathogenetic proteases via monoclonal antibodies therefore holds significant therapeutic promise. Inspired by the competitive mechanism utilized by many naturally occurring and man-made protease inhibitors, we hypothesized that substrate-like peptide sequences can act as protease subsite blocking motifs if they occupy only one side of the reaction center. To test this hypothesis, a degenerate codon library representing MMP-14 substrate profiles at P1-P5' positions was constructed in the context of an anti-MMP-14 Fab by replacing its inhibitory motif in CDR-H3 with MMP-14 …

Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis Of Dual Antiplatelet Treatment And Alternative Antiplatelet Regimens After Transcarotid Revascularizations, Hanaa Dakour-Aridi, Raghu L Motaganahalli, Andres Fajardo, Akiko Tanaka, Naveed U Saqib, Gordon H Martin, Stuart A Harlin, Arash Keyhani, Kourosh Keyhani, S Keisin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) continues to be the preferred medication regimen after the placement of a carotid stent using the transcarotid revascularization (TCAR) technique despite a dearth of quality data. Therefore, this investigation was performed to define the risks associated with antiplatelet choice.

Methods: We queried all patients who underwent TCAR captured by the Vascular Quality Initiative from September 2016 to June 2022, to determine the association between antiplatelet choice and outcomes. Patients maintained on DAPT were compared with those receiving alternative regimens consisting of single antiplatelet, anticoagulation, or a combination of the two. A 1:1 propensity-score match was …

Comparison Of Different Reconstruction Flap For Maxillofacial Region: An Original Research, Pallavi Khan Chakraborty, Smit Patel, Misbah Farheen Mulla, Manisha Mangesh Kulkarni, Rummaan Ahmed Sheikh, Anuj Kishor Shukla

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Large chunks of the tissue are sacrificed during the surgical procedures for the treatment if oral cancers. Our goal was to assess the viability of "

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty subjects were included in this investigation, and they were divided into 3 groups. The follow-up as accompanied for six months. Comparisons were made for the time for the operations, reduction in the width of the mouth opening and the survival rates of the flaps. The data that was collected for the above two parameters and compared for the significance using the

RESULTS: In the subjects with the PM, the …

Assessment Of The Apical Transportation And Quantity Of Root Canal Dentin Removed Using Different New Rotary File Systems: An Original Study, Harmeet Singh, Anuj K Shukla, Apurva A Jadhav, Anshuman Shetty, Chitharanjan Shetty, Smita D Dutta, Mohammed Mustafa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The rotary systems have found a common application in the clinical practice for the endodontic therapies. Hence, we compared three recent endodontic systems for the comparison of the dentine removal and the apical transportation particularly in the curved canals.

METHODS: Oneshape, Pro Taper Next, and Edgefile X3 were the three systems that were compared. Thirty maxillary mesio buccal canals of the human permanent teeth were compared due to its curved nature. The volume of dentin removed and apical transportation (mm) were measured using micro-computed tomographic imaging (mm). Both the coronal section and the entire canal length had their dentin …

Invited Commentary: Mri Clear Cell Likelihood Score For Indeterminate Solid Renal Masses: Is There A Path For Broad Clinical Adoption?, Ivan Pedrosa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Biallelic Variants In Cript Cause A Rothmund-Thomson-Like Syndrome With Increased Cellular Senescence, Luisa Averdunk, Maxim A Huetzen, Daniel Moreno-Andrés, Reinhard Kalb, Shane Mckee, Tzung-Chien Hsieh, Annette Seibt, Marten Schouwink, Seema Lalani, Eissa Ali Faqeih, Theresa Brunet, Peter Boor, Kornelia Neveling, Alexander Hoischen, Barbara Hildebrandt, Elisabeth Graf, Linchao Lu, Weidong Jin, Joerg Schaper, Jamal A Omer, Tanguy Demaret, Nicole Fleischer, Detlev Schindler, Peter Krawitz, Ertan Mayatepek, Dagmar Wieczorek, Lisa L Wang, Wolfram Antonin, Ron D Jachimowicz, Verena Von Felbert, Felix Distelmaier

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is characterized by poikiloderma, sparse hair, small stature, skeletal defects, cancer, and cataracts, resembling features of premature aging. RECQL4 and ANAPC1 are the 2 known disease genes associated with RTS in >70% of cases. We describe RTS-like features in 5 individuals with biallelic variants in CRIPT (OMIM 615789).

Methods: Two newly identified and 4 published individuals with CRIPT variants were systematically compared with those with RTS using clinical data, computational analysis of photographs, histologic analysis of skin, and cellular studies on fibroblasts.

Results: All CRIPT individuals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RTS and additionally had neurodevelopmental …

Geospatial Distribution Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Specialists: Understanding Access As A Function Of Distance, Insurance Status, And Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Sophie C Schneider, Catherine Christian, Juan M Alvarez, Orri Smárason, Wayne K Goodman, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an impairing psychiatric condition affecting 1-2% of adults and youth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention (CBT) is an efficacious intervention but requires specialty training and access is often limited. While certain factors are associated with treatment access, one key barrier that has not been explored is the geographic availability of OCD treatment providers. Using integrated geographically-referenced data, we examined the geographic distribution of OCD CBT specialty providers across the state of Texas, with particular attention to the relationship to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, insurance status, and rural versus urban status. We found that specialist providers are …

Actionable Solutions To Achieve Health Equity In Chronic Liver Disease, Patricia D Jones, Jennifer C Lai, Jasmohan S Bajaj, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

There are well-described racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of chronic liver diseases. Hispanic persons are at highest risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the fastest growing cause of liver disease. Hepatitis B disproportionately affects persons of Asian or African descent. The highest rates of hepatitis C occur in American Indian and Alaskan Native populations. In addition to disparities in disease burden, there are also marked racial and ethnic disparities in access to treatments, including liver transplantation. Disparities also exist by gender and geography, especially in alcohol-related liver disease. To achieve health equity, we must address the root …

On-Campus Mental Health Service Use Among College Students With Autism: A Case Study Applying The Andersen Behavioral Model Of Health Services Use, Estella C. Lilyquist

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The unique set of impairments and limitations presented by students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make the accessing of campus-based nonacademic resources more difficult and complicated than their typically developed peers. Each year, the rate of students entering college with disabilities continues to grow, but their mental well-being is relatively poor. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to apply the conceptual framework of the Andersen behavioral model of health services use (ABMHSU) to the experiences of college students with ASD to understand and predict their utilization of campus-provided mental health resources. The participants were seven college students with …

A Crispr/Cas9-Engineered Mouse Carrying A Conditional Knockout Allele For The Early Growth Response-1 Transcription Factor, Vineet K Maurya, Yan Ying, Denise G Lanza, Jason D Heaney, John P Lydon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Early growth response 1 (EGR1) mediates transcriptional programs that are indispensable for cell division, differentiation and apoptosis in numerous physiologies and pathophysiologies. Whole-body EGR1 knockouts in mice (Egr1KO) have advanced our understanding of EGR1 function in an in vivo context. To extend the utility of the mouse to investigate EGR1 responses in a tissue- and/or cell-type-specific manner, we generated a mouse model in which exon 2 of the mouse Egr1 gene is floxed by CRISPR/Cas9 engineering. The floxed Egr1 alleles (Egr1f/f) are designed to enable spatiotemporal control of Cre-mediated EGR1 ablation in the …

The Systemic Availability Of Indispensable Amino Acids From Orally Ingested Algal And Legume Protein In Young Children At Risk Of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Nirupama Shivakumar, Sindhu Kashyap, Farook Jahoor, Sarita Devi, Thomas Preston, Tinku Thomas, Anura V Kurpad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The digestion and absorption of ingested protein may be reduced in children with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), reducing systemic amino acid availability for protein synthesis with resultant growth faltering. This has not been directly measured in children with EED and associated growth faltering.

Objectives: To evaluate the systemic availability of algal (spirulina) and legume (mung bean) indispensable amino acids (IAAs) in children with EED.

Methods: Indian children (18-24 mo) from urban slums were assigned to EED (n = 24) or no-EED (control, n = 17) groups based on the lactulose rhamnose test, where the lactulose rhamnose ratio cutoff for …

Prematurity Blunts Protein Synthesis In Skeletal Muscle Independently Of Body Weight In Neonatal Pigs, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Postnatal growth failure in premature infants is associated with reduced lean mass accretion. Prematurity impairs the feeding-induced stimulation of translation initiation and protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. The objective was to determine whether body weight independently contributes to the blunted postprandial protein synthesis.

Methods

Preterm and term pigs that were either fasted or fed were stratified into quartiles according to birth weight to yield preterm and term groups of similar body weight; first and second quartiles of preterm pigs and third and fourth quartiles of term pigs were compared (preterm-fasted, n = 23; preterm-fed, n …

Multiple Primary Lung Cancers: Treatment Outcomes After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (Sbrt), Gyujae Choi, George Chen, Weiyuan Mai, Albert Chen, Angela Zhu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Patients with lung cancer sometimes present with multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs), either simultaneously (synchronous) or after treatment of an initial lesion (metachronous). Although open surgery remains a treatment mainstay for patients with stage I-II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an acceptable alternative for patients who are medically unfit for or who refuse surgery. In this study, we retrospectively examine the outcome among patients with early-stage MPLCs treated at our institution with SBRT.

MATERIALS/METHODS: Patients at our institution receiving SBRT for MPLC between June 2011 and March 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Prior to undergoing …