Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Rendahnya Skor Methods Information Index (Mii) Dan Faktor-Faktor Terkait: Analisis Survei Demografi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia (Sdki) 2012 Dan 2017, Wiji Wahyuningsih, Meiwita P. Budiharsana

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Informed choice memastikan bahwa pilihan kontrasepsi modern diputuskan perempuan setelah menerima informasi lengkap tentang metode kontrasepsi yang tersedia. Indeks informasi yang disebut Methods Information Index (MII) mengukur tiga elemen, yaitu efek samping masing-masing metode, kemana harus berobat jika efek samping muncul, dan perlu berganti ke kontrasepsi mana. Pemberian informasi lengkap tentang ketiga elemen MII merupakan pemenuhan etika dan hak-hak reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini menyajikan temuan rendahnya skoring MII di Indonesia, cermin dari tinggginya persentase perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak menerima informasi lengkap dan faktor-faktor terkait. Sebanyak 45.607 dan 49.627 perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang tercakup dalam Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan …

The Extent Of Knowledge, Preparedness And Perception Of Telemedicine Among Family Medicine Residents In Cebu City During Covid-19, Kristine Joy Y. Sumanga, Clarissa Mae D. Derecho

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Telemedicine is providing healthcare services using electronic means at a distance including the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases as well as the research and evaluation, and education of healthcare providers. Its role in the time of the pandemic is vital, especially to the practice of medicine. This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey research study conducted in four hospital training institutions in Cebu City. A total of 41 respondents gave their consent and were given the online survey questionnaire about the extent of knowledge, preparedness and perceptions of telemedicine. Out of the 41 respondents, 56.10% were young adults (26-30 …

Pengaruh Komorbid Terhadap Tingkat Survival Pasien Dengan Diabetes Tipe Ii: Analisis Data Sampel Bpjs 2015-2021, Anggi Tria Abimayu, Martya Rahmaniati

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Tahun 2021 Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-6 di dunia dengan kasus kematian akibat diabetes terbanyak. Tingginya angka kematian diabetes disebabkan oleh banyak hal, salah satunya adalah komorbiditas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh komorbid terhadap tingkat survival penderita diabetes tipe II di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sampel kontekstual diabetes melitus BPJS tahun 2015-2021 dengan desain kohort retrospektif dan didapatkan jumlah sampel 96.379 terbobot. Dilakukan analisis statistik univariat, bivariat dengan kurva Kaplan-Meier dan Uji Log-Rank, dan multivariat dengan uji cox proportional hazard. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penderita diabetes tipe II yang memiliki komorbid mempunyai cumulative survival probability (CSP) yang …

Determinan Kematian Balita Di Provinsi Bangka Belitung, Gorontalo, Dan Papua Barat: Analisis Data Sdki 2017, Jilan Salshabilla Mutaqin, Martya Rahmaniati, Sutanto Priyo Hastono, Tiopan Sipahutar

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Bangka Belitung, Gorontalo, dan Papua Barat memiliki angka kematian balita tertinggi berdasarkan wilayah Indonesia bagian Barat, Tengah, dan Timur. Tingginya kematian balita terkait langsung dengan keberlanjutan hidup anak dan merefleksikan kondisi sosio-ekonomi, lingkungan tempat tinggal, serta pemeliharaan kesehatan anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki determinan kematian balita menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Analisis dilakukan pada 1056 sampel dengan uji potong lintang dan regresi logistik untuk melihat faktor kematian balita yang signifikan serta besar risiko masing-masing faktor pada determinan sosio-ekonomi dan proksi. Jumlah kelahirkan, jenis kelamin anak, ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI, pendidikan ibu, dan umur ibu …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Aktivitas Fisik Pada Remaja Di Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2021, Annisa Sujarwati, Emelia Agustina, Muhammad Azmiyannoor, Dian Rosadi, Rudi Fakhriyadi, Noor Ahda Fadillah, Hadrianti H.D. Lasari, Mufatihatul Aziza Nisa

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Data Riskesdas 2013-2018 menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas fisik yang kurang pada penduduk usia ≥10 tahun di Indonesia. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat disebabkan dari berbagai hal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya aktfitas fisik pada remaja 10-24 tahun di Kota Banjarbaru melalui pendekatan teori perilaku Lawrence Green. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasinya adalah seluruh remaja usia 10-24 tahun di Kota Banjarbaru. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 80 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan dinyatakan valid. Variabel bebas yang diteliti …

Communication Of Patients’ And Family Members’ Ethical Concerns To Their Healthcare Providers, Mariam Noorulhuda, Christine Grady, Paul Wakim, Talia Bernhard, Hae Lin Cho, Marion Danis

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Little is known about communication between patients, families, and healthcare providers regarding ethical concerns that patients and families experience in the course of illness and medical care. To address this gap in the literature, we surveyed patients and family members to learn about their ethical concerns and the extent to which they discussed them with their healthcare providers.

METHODS: We surveyed adult, English-speaking patients and family members receiving inpatient care in five hospitals in the Washington DC-Baltimore metropolitan area from July 2017 to March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, comfortableness, and helpfulness of discussions regarding …

The New World Of Rna Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Giovanni Blandino, Roberto Dinami, Marco Marcia, Eleni Anastasiadou, Brid M Ryan, Alina Catalina Palcau, Luigi Fattore, Giulia Regazzo, Rosanna Sestito, Rossella Loria, Ana Belén Díaz Méndez, Maria Chiara Cappelletto, Claudio Pulito, Laura Monteonofrio, George A Calin, Gabriella Sozzi, Jit Kong Cheong, Ranit Aharonov, Gennaro Ciliberto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The 5th Workshop IRE on Translational Oncology was held in Rome (Italy) on 27-28 March at the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute. This meeting entitled "The New World of RNA diagnostics and therapeutics" highlightes the significant progress in the RNA field made over the last years. Research moved from pure discovery towards the development of diagnostic biomarkers or RNA-base targeted therapies seeking validation in several clinical trials. Non-coding RNAs in particular have been the focus of this workshop due to their unique properties that make them attractive tools for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.This report collected the presentations …

Automated Capture And Analysis Of Circulating Tumor Cells In Pediatric, Adolescent And Young Adult Patients With Central Nervous System Tumors, Wafik Zaky, Dristhi Ragoonanan, Izhar Batth, Long Dao, Jian Wang, Xueqing Xia, Najat C Daw, Jonathan B Gill, Soumen Khatua, Shulin Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common and lethal childhood malignancy. Detection of residual disease and longitudinal monitoring of treatment response in patients are challenging and rely on serial imaging. This current standard of care fails to detect microscopic disease or provide molecular characteristics of residual tumors. As such, there is dire need for minimally invasive liquid biopsy techniques. We have previously shown the high specificity of using cell surface vimentin (CSV) to identify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients bearing various types of cancers. Here, we describe the first report of CTCs captured from peripheral …

Foreword From Editor - 13th Edition, Yandi Andri Yatmo

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

The current AJCE edition brings together meaningful discussions of community engagement programs as ways to disseminate various skills towards better society livelihood, focusing on product-making skills, women-led soft skills for families, and marketing skills. Elaborating on these objectives, this issue consists of four research-based articles and three case-based articles. The authors of this edition come from the background of economy, chemistry, community, psychology, and education—enabling diverse understanding of skills for the community and the means of how these skills can be acquired from different knowledge backgrounds.

Engaging Mothers And Community Health Workers: An Online Maternal And Children’S Health Education In Kampung Lio, Indonesia, Shafira Aurelia, Dheanita Nissrina Andini, Garry Soloan, Vahira Waladhiyaputri, Dewi Friska

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

To raise awareness and understanding of maternal and children’s health, a team from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, conducted a program called Tinggi Cerdas. It is a community development program in Kampung Lio, Depok, West Java. This article evaluates the impacts of activity related to the participant’s awareness and knowledge about maternal and children’s health. The program was developed and conducted as an online program due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, from September to December 2021. The program was developed with four different topics through online communication, equipped with an educational booklet for the mothers and a PrimaKu® application …

Kinetics Of Depth Jumps Performed By Female And Male National Collegiate Athletics Association Basketball Athletes And Young Adults, Talin Louder, Brennan J. Thompson, Alex Woster, Eadric Bressel

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The depth jump (DJ) is commonly used to evaluate athletic ability, and has further application in rehabilitation and injury prevention. There is limited research exploring sex-based differences in DJ ground reaction force (GRF) measures. This study aimed to evaluate for sex-based differences in DJ GRF measures and determine sample size thresholds for binary classification of sex. Forty-seven participants from mixed-sex samples of NCAA athletes and young adults performed DJs from various drop heights. Force platform dynamometry and 2-dimensional videography were used to estimate GRF measures. Three-way mixed analysis of variance was used to evaluate main effects and interactions. Receiver operating …

A Chinese Scoring System For Predicting Successful Retrograde Collateral Traverse In Patients With Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion, Qiu Yu Li, Xiao Long Lin, Fan Qi Li, Zi Chao Cheng, Jia Yu Tian, Dong Hui Zhao, Wayne Bond Lau, Jing Hua Liu, Qian Fan

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Retrograde approach technique has been challenging in percutaneous coronary interventional treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) coronary disease. The present study endeavors to determine a novel Chinese scoring system for predicting successful collateral channels traverse via retrograde approach.

METHODS: The demographic characteristics and angiographic characteristics of 309 CTO patient were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis for selecting potential predictors. And the nomogram was used to establish the scoring system. Then it was evaluated by the internal and external validation.

RESULTS: The predictors of Age, Connections between collateral channels and recipient vessels, and Channel Tortuosity (ACT) were identified with …

Association Of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Overweight And Obesity With Childhood Anthropometric Factors And Perinatal And Postnatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study, Eleni Pavlidou, Dimitrios Papandreou, Zainab Taha, Maria Mantzorou, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Dimitrios N. Kiortsis, Evmorfia Psara, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Marios Yfantis, Maria Spanoudaki, Georgios Antasouras, Maria Mentzelou, Constantinos Giaginis

All Works

Background: Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged women becomes a growing tendency in middle- and high-income populations. This study aimed to evaluate whether maternal excess body mass index (BMI) before gestation is associated with children’s anthropometric characteristics, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5198 children aged 2–5 years old and their paired mothers, assigned from 9 different areas of Greece. Maternal and childhood anthropometric data, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes, were collected from medical history records or validated questionnaires. Results: Prevalences of 24.4% and 30.6% of overweight/obesity were recorded …

The Dilemma Of Socrates’ Position: Interview Methods And Feminist Empirical Bioethics, Michiel De Proost

The Qualitative Report

There is a growing body of bioethics research that addresses the importance of adapting empirical, predominantly qualitative, methods to generate debate on ethical arguments. However, there is an absence of illustrative work examining how this could be realised from a feminist perspective. This article, seeking to address the research gap, examines interview methods through a reflexive lens. Drawing on the doctoral research I conducted through interviews with women who were interested in social egg freezing (i.e., healthy women freezing their eggs in anticipation of future infertility), I describe how I encountered a dilemma because of my gendered positionality and the …

Addressing Wounded Healers’ Burnout And Moral Distress: Starts And Ends With Integrity, Tessy A Thomas, Frank Daniel Davis, Satid Thammasitboon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Of Delirium And Depression With Respiratory And Outcome Measures In Covid-19 Inpatients, Alessio Simonetti, Cristina Pais, Vezio Savoia, Maria Camilla Cipriani, Matteo Tosato, Delfina Janiri, Evelina Bernardi, Ottavia Marianna Ferrara, Stella Margoni, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Daniela Chieffo, Massimo Fantoni, Rosa Liperoti, Francesco Landi, Roberto Bernabei, Gabriele Sani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Delirium (DEL) and depression (DEP) may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness. The impact of such syndromes on respiratory and outcome parameters in inpatients with COVID-19 needs clarification. To clarify the relationship between DEL and DEP and respiratory outcome measures, we enrolled 100 inpatients from COVID-19 units of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS of Rome. Participants were divided into those with DEL, DEP, or absence of either delirium or depression (CONT). Delirium severity was assessed with the Neelson and Champagne Confusion Scale (NEECHAM). Psychopathology was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the …

The Role Of Fas Receptor Methylation In Osteosarcoma Metastasis, Jiayi M Sun, Wing-Yuk Chow, Gufeng Xu, M John Hicks, Manjula Nakka, Jianhe Shen, Patrick Kwok Shing Ng, Aaron M Taylor, Alexander Yu, Jason E Farrar, Donald A Barkauskas, Richard Gorlick, Jaime M Guidry Auvil, Daniela Gerhard, Paul Meltzer, Rudy Guerra, Tsz-Kwong Man, Ching C Lau, On Behalf Of The Target Osteosarcoma Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor with an annual incidence of about 400 cases in the United States. Osteosarcoma primarily metastasizes to the lungs, where FAS ligand (FASL) is constitutively expressed. The interaction of FASL and its cell surface receptor, FAS, triggers apoptosis in normal cells; however, this function is altered in cancer cells. DNA methylation has previously been explored as a mechanism for altering FAS expression, but no variability was identified in the CpG island (CGI) overlapping the promoter. Analysis of an expanded region, including CGI shores and shelves, revealed high variability in the methylation of …

Primary Adrenal Angiosarcoma: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Zunaira Naeem, Joon Yau Leong, Arianna Morton, Alaa Hrizat, Eric Shiffrin, Andrew Gomella, Peter Mccue, Mark Mann, Li Li

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Primary adrenal angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with challenging diagnosis. A 66-year-old woman had a 4.3 cm right adrenal mass suspicious for adrenal cortical carcinoma. Pathological examination demonstrated a hemorrhagic adrenal cyst with numerous irregularly shaped anastomosing vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells that had frequent atypical mitotic figures (12/10 HPF, Ki67 10%). The tumor cells were positive for CD31, ERG, and FLI-1, but negative for adrenal and other tumor lineage markers by immunohistochemistry. NGS fusion gene testing ruled out epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Accurate diagnosis and differential inclusion are important for appropriate treatment of this rare tumor.

Mettl1 Promotes Tumorigenesis Through Trna-Derived Fragment Biogenesis In Prostate Cancer, Raquel García-Vílchez, Sabine Dietmann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Newly growing evidence highlights the essential role that epitranscriptomic marks play in the development of many cancers; however, little is known about the role and implications of altered epitranscriptome deposition in prostate cancer. Here, we show that the transfer RNA N

Effectiveness Of Simulation-Based Learning On Clinical Competence In Dietetics Students: A Narrative Review, Claudia W. Scott, Rena Zelig, Diane L. Rigassio Radler

Journal of Dietetic Education

Clinical supervised practice experiences offered through dietetic internships have historically been among the most challenging to obtain. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the scarcity of these experiences and forced dietetics education programs to offer alternative experiences in the absence of direct patient care opportunities. Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLE) or objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) are one method of providing these alternative options, and if effective, could be routinely incorporated into dietetics education. This review evaluates five original research articles to determine the effectiveness of simulation-based learning on perceived or observed clinical competence in dietetic students. The findings of the studies unanimously …

Dietetic Students’ Changes In Attitudes After Participating In Online Interprofessional Education, Kelly Jackson, Terri L. Kurz, Mary Marian

Journal of Dietetic Education

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an accreditation requirement and an important component of training for future registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and access to quality IPE is often limited in online programs. An online IPE module was developed to provide dietetics students the opportunity to build collaborative skills with students in other healthcare training programs. A research study was designed to answer the following research question: How and to what extent does participation in an online IPE module impact online dietetics students’ attitudes of interprofessional practice? Participants were dietetics students enrolled in an upper-division online dietetics course. Data gathered included a retrospective …

Undergraduate And Graduate Students’ Retrospective Perception Of Flipped Learning In Dietetics Curricula, Rachel L. Vollmer, Teresa Drake

Journal of Dietetic Education

Most studies investigating flipped learning fail to assess how student perceptions of flipped learning may change once the class is complete, and students have a chance to reflect on the experience. Follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the sustainability of the benefits from flipped learning among students and how they feel it prepares them, if at all, for future classes and/or their professional lives. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how graduate and undergraduate dietetics students retrospectively perceive a course that used flipped learning 2 years after they completed the course. Two focus groups with undergraduate (n=5) …

The Impact Of A Graduate-Level Applied Research Course On Graduate-Level Nutrition Students’ Research-Related Perceptions, Attitudes, And Knowledge, Alexandria Caljean, Kaitlyn M. Eck

Journal of Dietetic Education

Nutrition professionals report low levels of research utilization and engagement. This study explored the associations between completion of an applied nutrition research (capstone) course and students’ research-related perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge. Nutrition graduate students at a university in Pennsylvania completed an online survey at the beginning and end of a semester. The survey assessed perceptions of research participation and application, attitudes regarding research, and self-efficacy for conducting research, engaging in evidence-based practice, and collaborating on research. Students in a capstone course (n=17) learned about applying research in the field and conducted a research project. Non-capstone students (n=11) were not in …

A Cross‐Sectional Survey Of Research Involvement And Interest Among Graduate Dietetics Students, Courtney Wedemire, Rebecca Brody, Joachim Sackey, Laura Byham-Gray

Journal of Dietetic Education

Background: Dietitians are not frequently participating in or leading research. Cultivating greater research interest and involvement starts with dietetics education, but little is known about dietetics students’ research involvement and interest. This study examines relationships between research involvement and interest among graduate dietetics students. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey design incorporating participant characteristic data, the Practice-Based Dietitian Research Involvement Survey (PBDRIS), and the modified Interest in Research Questionnaire (IRQ) tools; 89 of 327 (27.2%) graduate dietetic students from 3 US universities were included. Participant characteristics, PBDRIS scores, and IRQ scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Relationships between variables …

Table Of Contents, Editors' Message, Editorial Board, Diana Cuy Castellanos, M. Elizabeth (Beth) Miller

Journal of Dietetic Education

No abstract provided.

New Corona Virus Provokes Peripheral Gangrene In Lower Limb Of Type-1 Diabetic Patient: A Case Report, Hussein A. Ghanimi, Diaa K. Abd Ali

Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with un-expected complications. Diabetic patients are more susceptible for lower limb complications. Importance: Peripheral gangrene may be associated with COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Case presentation: We described one diabetic patient with COVID-19 associated peripheral gangrene (PG) in lower limb. A 56 years old female patient with type-1 diabetes tested positive for COVID-19. She suffered from PG in her left foot. Hematological, biochemical, Doppler sonography, echocardiography (Echo) and electrocardiogram (ECG) tests were done for diagnosis and evaluation of the case. General checkup indicated presence of an abscess in her foot. Later, abscess drainage surgery …

The Effect Of 980 Nm Diode Laser In Relieving The Periodontal Pocket Symptoms: A Clinical Study, Hareth A. Alrikabi, Lamyaa A. Saeed

Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Introduction: Periodontal Pockets are pathological spaces located between the teeth and the adjacent soft tissue. Some Periodontal pockets asymptomatic, while others My have significant symptoms. Patients with active periodontal pockets may feel pain, bleeding and swollen gingiva (adjacent to pocket). These symptoms appear because of a microbial invasion to this space and the accumulation of food debris. Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of diode lasers in relieving the symptoms of active periodontal pockets. Materials and methods: The method is based on irradiating the active periodontal pocket by using 980 nanometer diode laser and recording the condition of …

A Rare Case Of Folate Deficiency-Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration Of The Spinal Cord: A Case Report., Lohitha Guntupalli, Andrew Lurie, Veenah Stoll, Luis Daniel Lugo

HPD Articles

Folate deficiency is a rare cause of subacute combined degeneration (SCD). SCD is characterized by demyelination of the dorsal and lateral columns of the cervical and thoracic spine most commonly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Folate deficiency, which can be clinically indistinguishable from B12 deficiency, leads to a variety of presentations, including absent vibratory sensation and proprioception, sensory ataxia, and progressive motor weakness. Recognizing the clinical sequelae of SCD is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of a 38-year-old male with progressive ascending bilateral lower extremity numbness and motor weakness in the presence of normal vitamin …

Use Of A Decision Aid In Medication Initiation Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder And Hiv, Katrina Gateley

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Opioid use disorder refers to the maladaptive use of prescribed or illicit opioids. This condition can be treated using pharmacotherapy referred to as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), but they are underutilized. Opioid use disorder is more prevalent among people living with HIV (PLH), highlighting a target population for interventions to increase treatment. Patient decision aids have been successful in affecting decision-making in other populations. However, no decision aid for medication for opioid use disorder has been utilized among patients with comorbid HIV and OUD. In this randomized cluster trial, we will determine whether a patient decision aid affects …

Effect Of Intranasal Insulin For Anosmia And Hyposmia In Parkinson’S Patients, Eden Anonye

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Olfaction impairment is one of the earliest nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Olfaction disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease can range from hyposmia, a reduction in smell ability, to anosmia, a complete loss of smell. Regardless of severity, olfaction loss can result in decreased well-being and mood disorders. However, there is no approved management for anosmia or hyposmia secondary to Parkinson’s disease. Insulin is hypothesized to modulate olfactory neuron regeneration in patients with post-infectious hyposmia, but its effects have not been studied in Parkinson’s patients. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we seek to determine whether eight weeks of daily …