Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Is Tegoprazan-Based Triple Therapy Effective In Regions With High Rates Of Clarithromycin Resistance?, Hyun Ho Choi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Direct Modulators Of K-Ras–Membrane Interactions, Johannes Morstein, Rebika Shrestha, Que N Van, César A López, Neha Arora, Marco Tonelli, Hong Liang, De Chen, Yong Zhou, John F Hancock, Andrew G Stephen, Thomas J Turbyville, Kevan M Shokat

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Protein-membrane interactions (PMIs) are ubiquitous in cellular signaling. Initial steps of signal transduction cascades often rely on transient and dynamic interactions with the inner plasma membrane leaflet to populate and regulate signaling hotspots. Methods to target and modulate these interactions could yield attractive tool compounds and drug candidates. Here, we demonstrate that the conjugation of a medium-chain lipid tail to the covalent K-Ras(G12C) binder MRTX849 at a solvent-exposed site enables such direct modulation of PMIs. The conjugated lipid tail interacts with the tethered membrane and changes the relative membrane orientation and conformation of K-Ras(G12C), as shown by molecular dynamics (MD) …

Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review: Crosstalk Between Gastrointestinal Renin–Angiotensin And Dopaminergic Systems In The Regulation Of Intestinal Permeability By Tight Junctions, Ivan Coronado, Samiksha Pachade, Emanuele Trucco, Rania Abdelkhaleq, Juntao Yan, Sergio Salazar-Marioni, Amanda Jagolino-Cole, Mozhdeh Bahrainian, Roomasa Channa, Sunil A Sheth, Luca Giancardo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Vessel segmentation in fundus images permits understanding retinal diseases and computing image-based biomarkers. However, manual vessel segmentation is a time-consuming process. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) allows direct, non-invasive estimation of retinal vessels. Unfortunately, compared to fundus images, OCT-A cameras are more expensive, less portable, and have a reduced field of view. We present an automated strategy relying on generative adversarial networks to create vascular maps from fundus images without training using manual vessel segmentation maps. Further post-processing used for standard en face OCT-A allows obtaining a vessel segmentation map. We compare our approach to state-of-the-art vessel segmentation algorithms trained …

Imaging Of Pelvic And Acetabular Trauma: Part 1, Osseous Findings, Jonathan G Eastman, Stephen J Warner, Augustine M Saiz, Daniel A Bravin, Milton L Chip Routt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pelvic ring injuries and acetabular fractures are complex injuries and are often challenging to treat for a number of reasons. Orthopaedic trauma surgeons critically evaluate pelvic radiographs and CT images to generate an appropriate detailed injury and patient-specific preoperative plan. There are numerous crucial osseous details that surgeons should be aware of. Often, some of the most important factors that affect patients in treatment timing decisions, assessing reduction strategies, and deciding and inserting fixation constructs may be subtle on preoperative imaging. The radiographic and CT imaging findings covered subsequently should be sought out and appreciated preoperatively. Combining all the available …

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages And Artificially Sweetened Beverages Consumption And The Risk Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (Nafld) And Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash), Tung Sung Tseng, Wei Ting Lin, Peng Sheng Ting, Chiung Kuei Huang, Po Hung Chen, Gabrielle V. Gonzalez, Hui Yi Lin

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are fast becoming the most common chronic liver disease and are often preventable with healthy dietary habits and weight management. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with obesity and NAFLD. However, the impact of different types of SSBs, including artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), is not clear after controlling for total sugar intake and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the consumption of different SSBs and the risk of NAFLD and NASH in US adults. The representativeness of 3739 US adults aged ≥20 years …

Single Cell Multiomics Identifies Cells And Genetic Networks Underlying Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia, Minzhe Guo, Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Joseph A Kitzmiller, Cheng Jiang, Guolun Wang, Allen Wang, Sebastian Preissl, Xiaomeng Hou, Justin Buchanan, Justyna A Karolak, Yifei Miao, David B Frank, William J Zacharias, Xin Sun, Yan Xu, Mingxia Gu, Pawel Stankiewicz, Vladimir V Kalinichenko, Jennifer A Wambach, Jeffrey A Whitsett

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a lethal developmental disorder of lung morphogenesis caused by insufficiency of FOXF1 (forkhead box F1) transcription factor function. The cellular and transcriptional mechanisms by which FOXF1 deficiency disrupts human lung formation are unknown.

Objectives

To identify cell types, gene networks, and cell–cell interactions underlying the pathogenesis of ACDMPV.

Methods

We used single-nucleus RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and RNA in situ hybridization to identify cell types and molecular networks influenced by FOXF1 in ACDMPV lungs.

Measurements and Main Results

Pathogenic single-nucleotide variants and copy-number …

Decoding Depression Severity From Intracranial Neural Activity, Jiayang Xiao, Nicole R Provenza, Joseph Asfouri, John Myers, Raissa K Mathura, Brian Metzger, Joshua A Adkinson, Anusha B Allawala, Victoria Pirtle, Denise Oswalt, Ben Shofty, Meghan E Robinson, Sanjay J Mathew, Wayne K Goodman, Nader Pouratian, Paul R Schrater, Ankit B Patel, Andreas S Tolias, Kelly R Bijanki, Xaq Pitkow, Sameer A Sheth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Disorders of mood and cognition are prevalent, disabling, and notoriously difficult to treat. Fueling this challenge in treatment is a significant gap in our understanding of their neurophysiological basis.

METHODS: We recorded high-density neural activity from intracranial electrodes implanted in depression-relevant prefrontal cortical regions in 3 human subjects with severe depression. Neural recordings were labeled with depression severity scores across a wide dynamic range using an adaptive assessment that allowed sampling with a temporal frequency greater than that possible with typical rating scales. We modeled these data using regularized regression techniques with region selection to decode depression severity from …

A High-Throughput Protocol For Measuring Solution Ph Of Bacterial Cultures Using Uv-Vis Absorption Spectrophotometry, Kristen A Engevik, Hyland Gonzalez, Clay Daniels, Ronald K Stavert, Numan Oezguen, Melinda A Engevik, Thomas D Horvath

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We present a protocol for measuring the pH of cell-free bacterial-conditioned media based on changes in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectrum using the pH indicator dye litmus. This protocol includes detailed procedures for performing bacterial culturing, examining bacterial growth, collecting cell-free supernatant, litmus dye addition, and pH-based calibration curve preparations. This assay has been designed for flexible formatting that can accommodate both high-volume and low-volume sample sets.

Transcriptomic And Proteomic Assessment Of Tocilizumab Response In A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Haridha Shivram, Jason A Hackney, Carrie M Rosenberger, Anastasia Teterina, Aditi Qamra, Olusegun Onabajo, Jacqueline Mcbride, Fang Cai, Min Bao, Larry Tsai, Aviv Regev, Ivan O Rosas, Rebecca N Bauer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

High interleukin (IL)-6 levels are associated with greater COVID-19 severity. IL-6 receptor blockade by tocilizumab (anti-IL6R; Actemra) is used globally for the treatment of severe COVID-19, yet a molecular understanding of the therapeutic benefit remains unclear. We characterized the immune profile and identified cellular and molecular pathways modified by tocilizumab in peripheral blood samples from patients enrolled in the COVACTA study, a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. We identified markers of inflammation, lymphopenia, myeloid dysregulation, and organ injury that predict disease severity and clinical outcomes. Proteomic …

Microbial Fingerprints Reveal Interaction Between Museum Objects, Curators, And Visitors, Lukas M Simon, Cecilia Flocco, Franziska Burkart, Anika Methner, David Henke, Luise Rauer, Christian L Müller, Johannes Vogel, Christiane Quaisser, Jörg Overmann, Stefan Simon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Microbial communities reside at the interface between humans and their environment. Whether the microbiome can be leveraged to gain information on human interaction with museum objects is unclear. To investigate this, we selected objects from the Museum für Naturkunde and the Pergamonmuseum in Berlin, Germany, varying in material and size. Using swabs, we collected 126 samples from natural and cultural heritage objects, which were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. By comparing the microbial composition of touched and untouched objects, we identified a microbial signature associated with human skin microbes. Applying this signature to cultural heritage objects, we identified areas with …

Structure, Function, And Molecular Landscapes Of The Aging Retina, Jeffrey D Zhu, Sharma Pooja Tarachand, Qudrat Abdulwahab, Melanie A Samuel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Because the central nervous system is largely nonrenewing, neurons and their synapses must be maintained over the lifetime of an individual to ensure circuit function. Age is a dominant risk factor for neural diseases, and declines in nervous system function are a common feature of aging even in the absence of disease. These alterations extend to the visual system and, in particular, to the retina. The retina is a site of clinically relevant age-related alterations but has also proven to be a uniquely approachable system for discovering principles that govern neural aging because it is well mapped, contains diverse neuron …

Hematopoietic Stem And Progenitor Cells Confer Cross-Protective Trained Immunity In Mouse Models, Bailee N Kain, Brandon T Tran, Pamela N Luna, Ruoqiong Cao, Duy T Le, Marcus A Florez, Laure Maneix, Jack D Toups, Daniel E Morales-Mantilla, Scott Koh, Hyojeong Han, Roman Jaksik, Yun Huang, Andre Catic, Chad A Shaw, Katherine Y King

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Recent studies suggest that infection reprograms hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to enhance innate immune responses upon secondary infectious challenge, a process called “trained immunity.” However, the specificity and cell types responsible for this response remain poorly defined. We established a model of trained immunity in mice in response to Mycobacterium avium infection. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that HSPCs activate interferon gamma-response genes heterogeneously upon primary challenge, while rare cell populations expand. Macrophages derived from trained HSPCs demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing and metabolism, and a single dose of recombinant interferon gamma exposure was sufficient to induce similar training. Mice transplanted …

Ifn-Λ Derived From Nonsusceptible Enterocytes Acts On Tuft Cells To Limit Persistent Norovirus, Harshad Ingle, Heyde Makimaa, Somya Aggarwal, Hongju Deng, Lynne Foster, Yuhao Li, Elizabeth A Kennedy, Stefan T Peterson, Craig B Wilen, Sanghyun Lee, Mehul S Suthar, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Norovirus is a leading cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis, with no currently approved vaccines or antivirals. Murine norovirus (MNoV) is a well-characterized model of norovirus pathogenesis in vivo, and persistent strains exhibit lifelong intestinal infection. Interferon-λ (IFN-λ) is a potent antiviral that rapidly cures MNoV. We previously demonstrated that IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) controls persistent MNoV, and here demonstrate that IFN-λ acts on tuft cells, the exclusive site of MNoV persistence, to limit infection. While interrogating the source of IFN-λ to regulate MNoV, we confirmed that MDA5-MAVS signaling, required for IFN-λ induction to MNoV in vitro, controls …

Tangent Functional Connectomes Uncover More Unique Phenotypic Traits, Kausar Abbas, Mintao Liu, Michael Wang, Duy Duong-Tran, Uttara Tipnis, Enrico Amico, Alan D Kaplan, Mario Dzemidzic, David Kareken, Beau M Ances, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Joaquín Goñi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Functional connectomes (FCs) containing pairwise estimations of functional couplings between pairs of brain regions are commonly represented by correlation matrices. As symmetric positive definite matrices, FCs can be transformed via tangent space projections, resulting into tangent-FCs. Tangent-FCs have led to more accurate models predicting brain conditions or aging. Motivated by the fact that tangent-FCs seem to be better biomarkers than FCs, we hypothesized that tangent-FCs have also a higher fingerprint. We explored the effects of six factors: fMRI condition, scan length, parcellation granularity, reference matrix, main-diagonal regularization, and distance metric. Our results showed that identification rates are systematically higher when …

Adding Pharmacist-Led Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring To Usual Care For Blood Pressure Control: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nischit Baral, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Amith Seri, Vijaya Chelikani, Sakiru Isa, Sri L P Javvadi, Timir K Paul, Joshua D Mitchell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Health systems have been quickly adopting telemedicine throughout the United States, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data on whether adding pharmacist-led home blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring to office-based usual care improves BP. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase for randomized controlled trials from January 2000 until April 2022, comparing studies on pharmacist-led home BP telemonitoring with usual care. Six randomized controlled trials, including 1,550 participants, satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were 774 participants in the pharmacist-led telemonitoring group and 776 in the usual care group. The addition of pharmacist-led telemonitoring to usual care was …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcome Correlates Of Chinese Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome: Results From The First Chinese Takotsubo Syndrome Registry, Tou Kun Chong, Kan Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS).

METHODS: We established the first Chinese Registry of Takotsubo Syndrome (ChiTTS Registry) and analyzed demographic, clinical, therapeutical, and outcome data to characterize clinical and outcome features of Chinese TTS patients.

RESULTS: In 112 enrolled patients in the ChiTTS registry from 02/01/2016 to 12/28/2021, the mean age was 59.4 ± 18.7 years old, and 27.7% were men. A total of 41.1% patients experienced respiratory and circulatory complications during hospitalization, and 17.3% patients developed cardiogenic shock. Physical triggers, dyspnea, tachycardia, and younger age (< 70 years old) predicted in-hospital complications. The MACCE rate during follow up was 13.9% per patient per year and the rate of all-cause death was 12.8% per patient per year. TTS patients with in-hospital complications developed more long-term MACCE (24.6% vs. 6.6% per patient-year, P < 0.001) and higher all-cause mortality (21.9% vs. 6.6% per patient-year, P = 0.001) than those without. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that more MACCE occurred in TTS patients with tachycardia during 3-year follow-up (HR 4.18; 95% CI 1.80-9.74; log-rank test P < 0.001). Among all medications at discharge, only beta-blocker was associated with reduced long-term MACCE (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.12-0.996; P = 0.049).

CONCLUSION: We investigated clinical …

A Phase I, Multicenter, Open-Label, First-In-Human Study Of Ds-6157a In Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Suzanne George, Peter Oppelt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: To evaluate DS-6157a, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20), in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this phase I multicenter, open-label, multiple-dose study, patients with previously treated advanced GIST received intravenous DS-6157a on Day 1 of 21-day cycles, with a starting dose of 1.6 mg/kg. The primary objective evaluated the safety and tolerability of DS-6157a, while determining dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the MTD. Secondary objectives included plasma pharmacokinetics parameters, plasma antidrug antibodies (ADA), and efficacy.

RESULTS: A total of 34 patients enrolled. DS-6157a was well tolerated, with DLTs in 4 patients (11.8%) at doses …

Velocity-Based Training—A Critical Review, Stuart Guppy, Kristina Kendall, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Velocity-based training (VBT) is an increasingly popular programming strategy used by strength and conditioning professionals to develop their athlete's ability to express force rapidly. To implement the varying forms of VBT effectively within their training regimes, strength and conditioning professionals need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of strategies, such as predicting 1 repetition maximum using the load-velocity profile, modulating training loads using the load-velocity profile, and controlling training volume using the magnitude of velocity-loss. The aim of this review was to highlight these strengths and weaknesses and then provide practical examples of when each programming strategy may be most …

Exploring First Semester Allied Health Students’ Transition To Graduate School Through The Lens Of Occupational Adaptation, Carly E. Williams, Jessica N. O'Brien, Rebecca E. Dodick, Jillian M. Bell, Jennifer O. Knauth, Lorrie A. George-Paschal, Nancy Krusen, Jacquie Rainey

Innovations in Health Sciences Education Journal

The purpose of the study was to examine experiences of students transitioning into graduate allied health programs within a public university in the United States. Researchers assessed students’ occupational adaptation as well as factors that facilitated and inhibited their transition. Researchers collected data using the Relative Mastery Scale (RMS) (George-Paschal, Krusen, & Fan, 2022) and a researcher-developed transition survey. Participants included 129 students from three allied-health professions. Researchers conducted a mixed ANOVA to explore differences in RMS ratings across three disciplines. There was a statistically significant increase in RMS ratings over time for all disciplines and statistically significant differences between …

Application Of New Molecular Tools To Assess Virus Viability In Production Animals, Declan C. Schroeder

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Persistent viral infections routinely impose an inconvenient, always costly but thankfully not all too often catastrophic outcome on our modern food system. Managing viruses is key for all concerned if our objective is to meet the ever-growing demand to high-value animal protein. Whether it’s the impact influenza A virus (IAV) has on the avian or swine industries, Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) on the swine or Deformed wing virus (DWV) on honey bees in both the honey and pollinator sectors - the negative impact and damaging cost to the individual producer, country and global economy cannot be overstated.

Tobacco, Alcohol And Diet As Mortality Risk Factors: The Secondary Analysis Of The 25-Year Cohort Study, Alina Egorova, Bulat Idrisov, Romany Redman, Stanislav Otstavnov, Sergey Soshnikov

Journal of Health Research

Background: Individual lifestyle risk factors have been linked to increased mortality globally; however, there is limited data on these associations in Russia. A secondary analysis of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) data was conducted to close this gap.

Methods: The secondary data have been obtained from a nationally-representative annual cohort survey conducted by the Higher School of Economics (HSE). In this original study, for the first time in Russia, we extracted RRs for researched risk factors. Of additional original value, we made a prospective-retrospective cohort based on a representative longitudinal survey and provided the deaths as outcomes for survival …

Results Of Nursing Training Reforms: Estimating The Scope Of Nursing Practice, Marat Serikbayev, Saltanat Mamyrbekova, Ainur B. Kumar, Lyazzat Kosherbayeva, Akmaral Abikulova, Laura Seiduanova, Elmira Serikbayeva

Journal of Health Research

Background: With the adoption of the Astana Declaration on primary health care, modern approaches are being introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The created national foundations of the nursing management system in Kazakhstan are a visible manifestation of a new organizational culture. In connection with the large-scale reform of nursing and the creation of a new position of nurses that meets modern social challenges and international requirements, the role of nurses in healthcare has increased significantly. In this study, we measured the actual scope of nursing practice among nurses in the medical organizations in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methods: …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - September 14, 2023, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the September 14, 2023 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Register now: USA Health Game day set for Oct.17
• Whiddon college of medicine alumnus joins orthopedic surgery faculty
• Senior medical students named to Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society
• Lunch & learn session to focus on promotion and tenure
• USA health names new chair of internal medicine

An Incidental Finding Of A Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (Glp-1)-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report., Andy Espino Aleman, Erik Aleman Espino, Claudia Aleman Oliva, Hamlet Monteagudo, Odalys Frontela

HPD Articles

Acute kidney injury (AKI) involves a rapid decline in kidney function, classified into prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes. Drug-induced AKI's complex pathophysiology includes altered hemodynamics, inflammation, crystal deposition, hemolysis, and rhabdomyolysis. This report details a 42-year-old female with hypertension and diabetes who, following a dog bite, exhibited reduced kidney function (GFR: 16 mL/min/1.73m

Trumpet Directivity From A Rotating Semicircular Array, Samuel D. Bellows, Joseph E. Avila, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

The directivity function of a played musical instrument describes the angular dependence of its acoustic radiation and diffraction about the instrument, musician, and musician’s chair. Directivity influences sound in rehearsal, performance, and recording environments and signals in audio systems. Because high-resolution, spherically comprehensive measurements of played musical instruments have been unavailable in the past, the authors have undertaken research to produce and share such data for studies of musical instruments, simulations of acoustical environments, optimizations of microphone placements, and other applications. The authors acquired the data from repeated chromatic scales produced by a trumpet played at mezzo-forte in an anechoic …

Poster: Moral Injury & Nurse Work Performance Following The Covid-19 Surges, Annette Callis, Trisha Saul, Ross Bindler

2023 South Division Nursing Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Nursing Leadership Panel: Evaluating An Alternative Day Work Week For Nurse Leaders : A Pilot Study, Stephanie Nolan (Presenting Author), Trisha Saul (Presenting Author), Candice Washilewski

2023 South Division Nursing Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Clinical Practice Panel: Diabetes Mellitus Management In A Medical-Surgical Unit, Jane Tajonera

2023 South Division Nursing Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Poster: Improving Emergency Department Belongings Inventory Electronic Medical Record Documentation, Shanekia Garrett, Stefanie Lai, Jairo Pagan, Wendy Lu, Katie Whitehead

2023 South Division Nursing Research Conference

Improving Emergency Department Belongings Inventory Electronic Medical Record Documentation Rates Background: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) education and training for RNs should be multifaceted and targeted to the RN clinical workflow. Input from direct care RNs is essential to ensure EMR education is relevant and effective. Shared Governance at a community hospital identified quality and safety concerns among inpatient RNs. RNs reported that belongings inventories were not consistently documented in the EMR for Emergency Department (ED) admissions. Hospital policy requires belongings inventory EMR documentation for all admitted patients. An audit of charts for ED admissions over three months revealed only 5% …

Poster: Improving High Reliability Organization (Hro) Education, Culture, & Engagement Through Video, Francis Khan, Alison Branson

2023 South Division Nursing Research Conference

Background: While Providence began the HRO journey in 2015, the Northern California region didn’t launch until March 2022. While most leaders and caregivers have been trained, several still have difficulty remembering and applying the HRO principles and tools. The HRO Vlog provides a series of short videos that not only reinforce the various high reliability principles, but also provides real-life stories of caregivers who have successfully applied HRO principles and tools in their daily work. Purpose: According to Press Ganey’s Virtuous Cycle Model (Fig A.), safety and engagement the drivers of HRO. When safety and engagement operate in tandem, benefits …