Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Gepotidacin (Blujepa®): A First-In-Class Triazaacenaphthylene Topoisomerase Inhibitor For Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections And Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance, Sia Christine, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

The emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens, notably fluoroquinolone- and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Escherichia coli, has narrowed the therapeutic options available for management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs). Gepotidacin, a triazaacenaphthylene, inhibitor of bacterial type II topoisomerases recently approved by FDA (2025) for the treatment of uUTIs in adult females. Here, we are presenting the available data on gepotidacin’s structure-activity relationships (SAR), mechanism of action (MOA), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), resistance, and adverse effects. In the EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3 Phase III trials, gepotidacin met the pre-specified non-inferiority criterion against nitrofurantoin in adult women with uUTI. Structurally, gepotidacin’s triazaacenaphthylene scaffold incorporates three nitrogen atoms …

Disparities In Urology Match Outcomes For Osteopathic Students And Students Without Home Residency Programs In The Southeastern Section Of The Aua, Adam Davis, Alp Turgut, Caroline Wade, Martha Terris, Ching Man Carmen Tong

Research Day

Urology remains one of the most competitive specialties. Students at schools without home urology residency programs (NHPs) often have limited access to early clinical exposure, mentorship, and research, reducing their likelihood of applying and matching. Osteopathic (DO) students have historically faced additional barriers in surgical subspecialties, raising concerns about equity in access to fields like urology. We hypothesized that students at NHPs, particularly DO students, would apply and match at lower rates. Using SESAUA match data from 2020–2025, we analyzed applicant and match outcomes across medical schools in the region. Medical schools for unmatched applicants were identified using publicly available …

Regional Differences In Routine Vaccination Coverage Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis Of School-Aged Populations In Michigan And Georgia, Shwan K. Noori, Ivey Ginn, Emily Mabry, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction: Social media plays a powerful role in shaping public opinion nationwide, especially regarding vaccinations in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This data analysis aims to determine whether social media has significantly influenced regional differences in how vaccines for preventable diseases are perceived across the United States. This study aims to explore the potential difference in vaccine compliance rates in Michigan and Georgia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The decision to compare Michigan and Georgia was based on their similar population sizes and the opportunity to explore how regional differences may influence data trends within the U.S.

Methods: …

Management Of A Borderline Mucinous Ovarian Tumor In A Twin Pregnancy, Pranati L. Kongara, Sara Kurtovic, Milo Jacob Z. Paman, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Background:

Mucinous ovarian tumors are epithelial neoplasms that range from benign to borderline to malignant histology. Borderline ovarian tumors comprise a notable proportion of epithelial ovarian tumors. The diagnosis of a borderline ovarian tumor during pregnancy is rare. Histopathologic evaluation of borderline mucinous ovarian tumors in pregnant patients has demonstrated a higher frequency of aggressive histologic features compared with nonpregnant cohorts. Despite these findings, borderline ovarian tumors generally exhibit low malignant potential, and survival outcomes among pregnant patients remain comparable to those of nonpregnant women.

Objective:

This case describes a 28-year-old patient with a dichorionic twin pregnancy diagnosed with a …

Menopause And Musculoskeletal Injury Risk: Beyond Estrogen—A Hormone–Tissue–Load Mismatch Model, Mustafa Ansari, Faisal Hussain, Mutasem Shopon, Hanfa Ajmal, Mueez Asif, Sharon David

Research Day

Menopause represents a critical physiologic transition characterized by a significant decline in circulating estrogen levels, which has profound effects on the musculoskeletal system. Estrogen plays an essential role in maintaining bone homeostasis, collagen synthesis, and connective tissue elasticity. As estrogen levels fall during menopause, women experience accelerated bone mineral density loss, alterations in tendon and ligament biomechanics, and an increased susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries. Despite the growing aging female population, the relationship between hormonal changes, tissue biomechanics, and injury risk remains underrecognized in clinical practice.

This study reviews the current literature examining the physiologic and biomechanical consequences of menopause on …

Gastric Volvulus In An Infant: A Rare Medical Emergency, Haley Wrobel, Ali Syed, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction: Gastric volvulus, a rare condition in which the stomach rotates along its anatomical axis, can present as a medical emergency in infants. In both acute and chronic forms of gastric volvulus, the condition often presents with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and nonbilious emesis, which can lead to the misdiagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Congenital defects, such as diaphragmatic hernia, or weakness of the gastric supporting ligaments, can predispose infants to gastric volvulus. Lack of timely intervention may lead to failure to thrive, gastric ischemia, and obstruction.

Case presentation: A 5-month-old full-term female infant presented to …

Clinical Prevalence Of Vertigo In Vestibular Schwannoma Patients Presenting With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review, Cameron Vida, Bilal Tanveer, Nolan Gillihan, Paul Mikhail, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be an early presenting symptom of vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), but its coexistence with vertigo is not well defined. Understanding how frequently vertigo accompanies sudden SNHL in these patients is clinically important, as it may influence diagnostic suspicion and timely imaging. The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with acoustic neuroma presenting with sudden or unilateral SNHL who also report vertigo.

Methods: A structured literature search was performed in PubMed using the keywords “Acoustic Neuroma with Vertigo Presentation.” The initial search yielded 224 articles. Sequential filters were …

Metastatic Osteosarcoma Identified During Cadaveric Exploration: A Case Of Renal Involvement, Kimberly Cang, Wesley Dieudonne, Shreya Kuturu, Katherine P. Richardson, Emeka Onuorah, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction:

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer affecting mainly children, adolescents, and young adults. The most common metastatic sites are the lungs, followed by the brain, liver, spleen, and soft tissues of the abdominal cavity. Metastatic renal osteosarcoma is rare, occurring in roughly 10%-12% of cases post-mortem. This can be partially attributed to imaging protocols, which can lead to renal metastasis remaining silent and undetected. This case report relays the findings of multiple metastatic sites of osteosarcoma in a 22-year-old female cadaver.

Methods:

During routine dissection in a gross anatomy lab, a case of metastatic osteosarcoma was uncovered. Permission to …

Metastatic Breast Cancer In 52-Year-Old Cadaver, Ethan Cook, Atharva Athalye, Rohan Patel, Rishab Prakash, Jordan Pullins, Gavin Scott, Mackwan Sringam, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction:

Breast cancer commonly spreads through lymphatic drainage to the axillary region before disseminating systemically. This cadaveric case study describes the gross anatomical findings of advanced metastatic breast carcinoma identified during routine dissection.

Methods:

Dissection was performed on a 52-year-old female during a gross anatomy laboratory. Cancer was documented through photos. Permissions were obtained from the body donation program to document and publish the findings.

Results:

The primary tumor was located in the right breast, with metastases observed in the right axilla, bilateral lungs, pectoralis minor muscle, and liver. Axillary involvement demonstrated prominent angiogenesis and mass effect, with associated atrophy …

Anatomic Variance Of A High Right Coronary Ostium, Atharva Athalye, Ethan Cook, Rohan Patel, Rishab Prakash, Jordan Pullins, Gavin Scott, Mackwan Sringam, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction:

An 89-year old female presents to the gross anatomy lab with an abnormally high right coronary ostium relative to the aortic valve and the left coronary ostium. The right coronary ostium is typically located within the anterior aortic sinus above the aortic valve and is the origin of the right coronary artery. A high right coronary ostium can lead to vascular problems as blood flow can be reduced to the right coronary artery and can cause myocardial ischemia.

Methods:

The 89-year old female cadaver was routinely dissected in the gross anatomy lab at the PCOM-GA. Permissions were obtained from …

Breaking The Cycle: Uromune Mv140 In The Prevention Of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (Rutis), Katrina Strand, Sia Christine, Brooklyn Myers, Kaytlin Pal, Mishel Alvarez, Christina Cologer, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

Women who experience recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), defined as more than three infections per year, often face significant reduction in their quality of life, including travel and employment. Additionally, there is concern about the long-term effects of prolonged and repeated use of antibiotics, which are currently the standard for prophylaxis and treatment. Overuse often results in resistance. Multiple countries currently offer, or are in the process of developing, vaccines that can prevent rUTI. Uromune MV140 from Immunotek is one such vaccine. This study was conducted as a literature review evaluating the safety, efficacy, mechanism of action, and clinical use …

A Cadaveric Case Study On Vascular And Splenic Variations, Madeeha S. Aziz, James Bradshaw, Tatyanna S. Goodson, Muhammad A. Muqeet, Yaquelin Palacios, Phillip Pearson

Research Day

Introduction: The typical aortic arch is composed of the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and the subclavian artery. Subsequently, the first section of the subclavian artery typically gives rise to the vertebral artery. In our dissection, we found four arteries branching from the aortic arch, instead of the three previously listed arteries. There are several possible variations for the aortic arch. Additionally, we found an accessory spleen, also known as a supernumerary spleen, with its own vascular supply alongside an anatomically normal spleen. In the typical human body, the celiac trunk gives rise to three arteries including the splenic artery …

Challenges In Diagnosis: A Review Of Development Of Nut Carcinoma Within The Abdomen And Pelvis, Matthew Alexander, Grace Lynch, Ambika Jokhulall, Donald Penney

Research Day

Background:

NUT Carcinoma is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a translocation of the nuclear protein in testes (NUTM1) gene to form a fusion with an epigenetic reader, most commonly bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4::NUTM1), bromodomain-containing protein 3 (BRD3::NUTM1), or nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3::NUTM1). It is a rare and aggressive tumor with a median survival time of 6-9 months and most commonly affects midline structures of the head and neck, though in recent years reports of primary NUT carcinoma within the abdomen and pelvis have been reported. The purpose of this review is to compare …

Retrograde Identification Of Amygdala Projections To Auditory Cortex, William Michel, Munir Yusuf, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Intro: How does the brain determine which sounds are important? The amygdala is a region of the brain involved in evaluating the significance of sensory stimuli and is anatomically connected to the auditory cortex. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize amygdala neurons that project directly to the auditory cortex.

Methods: Retrograde tracers were injected into the primary and secondary auditory cortex of rats to label amygdalar neurons. A literature review was conducted to find previous research that correlated.

Results: Labeled neurons were found primarily within the lateral and basal nuclei of both the left and right …

Impact Of Pet-Ct Interpretation On Sbrt Planning: A Case Of Pseudoprogression From Resolving Pneumonia During Pembrolizumab, Harshita Yepuri, Bhavik Singh, Justin Steinman

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the majority of lung cancer diagnoses and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab are now commonly used as first-line systemic therapy in metastatic disease and have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, these therapies can produce atypical imaging findings due to inflammatory or immune-mediated processes. Distinguishing true tumor progression from infection, inflammation, or pseudoprogression on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) can therefore be challenging and may influence treatment decisions.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of apparent oligoprogression on PET imaging in a patient with …

Vascular Asymmetry In Scoliosis: A Scoping Review Of Anatomical Evidence And Functional Implications, Nick Daneshvar, Olivia Peoples, Nicholas Auge-Dario, Barrington Francis, Mykala Jackson, Michael Abaskaron, Matthew Shelnutt

Research Day

Introduction

Scoliosis alters spinal alignment which may influence the position and function of adjacent vascular structures. Although vascular complications related to scoliosis and its surgical correction have been reported, the potential contribution of scoliosis-associated vascular asymmetry to functional impairment remains unclear. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize existing literature describing vascular anatomical changes associated with scoliosis and to examine related evidence plausibly linking altered paraspinal perfusion to functional outcomes such as endurance and pain.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using PubMed with a lower publication date limit of 2005. A primary search identified studies describing vascular …

A Rare Case Of Renal Cell Carcinoma Leading To Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism, Caleb Rogers, Nick Daneshvar, Anika Procope, Christian Edwards, Jonathan Fairley

Research Day

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of adult kidney cancer. It originates in the lining of the renal tubules and typically affects older individuals. Symptoms can manifest as blood in urine, flank pain, and weight loss. Lab values include, but are not limited to, anemia, polycythemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, high creatinine/BUN, and hypercalcemia. Although rare, RCC has the potential to invade the venous system and extend into the heart causing subsequent bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE). Cardiac involvement in renal cell carcinoma may remain clinically silent until drastic complications arise. This case highlights an atypical and life-threatening presentation …

Sex Based Morphometric Variations Of The Vidian Canal And Their Surgical Implications In Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery, Melea Neely, Blessed Jordan, Evelyn Orusa, Joshua Owolabi

Research Day

Introduction: The Vidian canal is a structure within the sphenoid bone that runs inferomedial to the foramen rotundum and superior to the pterygoid plates. Anteriorly, it opens into the pterygopalatine fossa and transmits the pterygoid nerve, artery, and vein from the region of the foramen lacerum. The pterygoid nerve is formed by the union of the greater and deep petrosal nerves and contributes to autonomic and secretomotor innervation of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharyngeal mucosa, and lacrimal gland. Because of its relationship to critical neurovascular structures, the Vidian canal serves as an important landmark in endoscopic endonasal skull base …

Asymmetric Bilateral Renal Venous Variation With Distal Bifurcation And Double Cystic Artery: A Cadaveric Case Report, Shelley E. Jones, Abishag T. Cer, Bailey E. Huttel, Andrew J. Jiminez, David S. Lloyd, Ashley Persaud, Camille M. Rios Anzola, Joshua Owolabi

Research Day

INTRODUCTION. Renal venous variations are common and clinically significant in renal transplantation, nephrectomy, and retroperitoneal surgery. Multiple renal veins and distal branching patterns may increase operative complexity during hilar dissection. Simultaneous vascular variations in separate anatomical regions are less frequently documented. The purpose of this study was to describe an asymmetric bilateral renal venous variation with distal bifurcation and a concurrent cystic artery variation identified during routine cadaveric dissection. METHODS. During routine dissection of the retroperitoneal and hepatobiliary regions in an adult male cadaver, the renal veins and cystic arteries were exposed, traced from their origins to their terminal distributions, …

Survival Predictors In Severe Burns: Age And Inhalation Injury Outcomes Among Patients With Baux Scores >100, Michael Manning, Shihab Chowdhury, Kensley Philemond, Mark Shearer, Bounthavy Homsombath, Martin Hardy, Zaheed Hassan, Shawn Fagan, Tayseer Chowdhry, Rajiv Sood

Research Day

Introduction

Severe burn injuries remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn mortality is frequently estimated using the BAUX scoring system, with the revised version (rBAUX) incorporating inhalation injury as an additive predictor of risk. Traditionally, a BAUX score greater than 100 has been considered an indicator of extremely low survival. However, advances in resuscitation, critical care, and surgical strategies may influence the accuracy of this threshold. An improved understanding of the clinical and demographic factors that contribute to survival among patients with BAUX >100 is essential for accurate prognostication, resource planning, and patient counseling. This study evaluates …

Food Insecurity As A Primary Driver Of Cardiometabolic Disease Across Georgia Census Tracts, Jordan R. Howard, Thomas Last, Winston Price

Research Day

Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and disproportionately affect communities across the southeastern region. In Georgia, disease burden is concentrated in rural counties and economically disadvantaged urban areas. Public health frameworks have traditionally attributed these disparities to limited physical access to healthy food, commonly described as “food deserts,” where distance to grocery stores is presumed to constrain dietary quality and worsen metabolic health. However, growing evidence suggests that economic food insecurity may play a larger role in cardiometabolic risk than geographic food access. Few studies have evaluated …

Literature Review: Relationship Between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Cardiovascular Mortality, Azmeer Imran, Lauren A. Labib, Micheal Elkomos, Emranul Huq

Research Day

Introduction:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is one of the most prevalent urologic conditions affecting aging men and is characterized by non-malignant proliferation of stromal and epithelial components within the prostate gland. The condition commonly produces lower urinary tract symptoms including urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, and incomplete bladder emptying. Although BPH is generally viewed as a localized disorder of the lower urinary tract, emerging literature suggests that it may have broader systemic implications. In particular, several studies indicate that BPH and its associated symptoms may indirectly contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the potential links between BPH and adverse cardiovascular …

Trading Scrubs For Study Time: The Impact Of Academic Half Half-Days On Comat Performance At Pcom South Georgia, Sanjana Ayyappan, Randall L. Sisam

Research Day

Introduction Medical education requires a great deal of delayed gratification. The classic Marshmallow study demonstrated that children who resisted the immediate reward of one marshmallow in favor of a larger future reward exhibited self-regulation and later success in academic and personal endeavors (Mischel et al., 1972). Their ability to delay gratification reflected attentional control and future-oriented thinking in which individuals reframed present discomfort in light of long-term outcomes. Within medical education, a similar psychological framework emerges. Medical students repeatedly choose between immediate relief, such as rest and social interaction, and the long-term rewards of exam performance and residency placement. Preparation …

Whole-Body Anatomical Mapping Of Infiltration In Melanoma Of Unknown Primary (Mup): The Role Of Perivascular, Lymphatic, And Neurovascular Conduits, Brianny Medina, Zoe Barrett, Luke J. Lunsford, Chenell S. Anagbo-Dowetin, Xandria L. Parker, Emily E. Rowland, Mohammad A. Afani, Rasheed Agboola, Joshua Owolabi

Research Day

Introduction: Melanoma of Unknown Primary (MUP) presents a significant clinical challenge in tracing metastatic trajectories. While hematogenous dissemination is the traditional model, this study investigates angiotropism and perineural invasion—mechanisms where neoplastic cells migrate along the external surfaces of anatomical structures. Our research suggests that melanoma acts as a "hitchhiker," utilizing the adventitia of blood vessels and the epineurium of nerves as a private highway system. This study aims to provide a high-resolution, whole-body map of infiltration, documenting how these "extravascular conduits" facilitate the colonization of major organ systems. Methods: A high-resolution post-mortem mapping was performed on a 50-year-old male decedent …

Bilateral Epididymal Cysts Observed During Routine Cadaveric Dissection: A Case Report, Leilani Everett, Gladys Sama, Colin Ramsey, Jaycee Thomas, Joshua Rohme, Paramvir Lodia, Zenia Lakhani, Rasheed Agboola, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Background

Epididymal cysts are benign, fluid-filled dilatations that originate from epididymal ductules, most commonly within the caput epididymis. These lesions are frequently detected by scrotal ultrasonography and are often discovered incidentally during evaluation of painless scrotal swelling. Although epididymal cysts are common in clinical practice, they are typically unilateral. Reports of bilateral epididymal cysts are less frequent, especially in the context of cadaveric anatomical dissection. Identification of such lesions in cadaveric specimens offers valuable opportunities to correlate gross anatomical findings with clinically relevant scrotal pathology.

Case Presentation

During routine gross anatomical dissection of the scrotal contents in an elderly male …

Clinical And Anatomical Variations Of The Horseshoe Kidney Relative To Normal Bilateral Renal Arrangement, Sophia Y. Guo, Carl K. Yem, Kezia O. Itua, Josh L. Searles, Jorgo Zi, Nadine L. Belony, Kavitha Vudatha, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Introduction

A horseshoe kidney is a congenital condition in which the kidneys fuse at the lower poles, creating a U shape. It is the most common congenital renal fusion anomaly, affecting approximately 1 in every 500 individuals. The three main anatomical differences between the horseshoe kidney and the normal bilateral kidney arrangement are its position, rotation, and alternations of vascular supply. Patients with a horseshoe kidney may be predisposed to a range of clinical complications, including ureter obstruction, kidney stone formation, urinary tract or kidney infections, and increased susceptibility to injury. Despite its relative frequency among congenital anomalies, detailed descriptions …

Management Of Acute Fecal Impaction In A Pediatric Patient With Repaired Anorectal Malformation, Timothy C. Demott, Dylan P. Patel, Anthony A. Adetomiwa, Woodwin M. Weeks

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

Anorectal Malformations (ARMs) represent a complex spectrum of congenital anomalies where surgical reconstruction does not always equate to functional success. Within the Krickenbeck classification, a significant “Constipation Paradox” exists: patients with “low” or “simple” malformations, such as rectoperineal fistulas, are statistically more likely to develop severe, refractory constipation and secondary megacolon than those with complex “high” defects. Despite intact pelvic musculature and sensation, underlying dysmotility creates a high‑pressure environment conducive to stool retention. This case report demonstrates the necessity of aggressive inpatient mechanical clearing and rigorous metabolic monitoring when outpatient therapies fail to overcome colonic inertia. The following clinical …

Multiorgan Histologic Assessment Of Metastatic Melanoma In A Cadaveric Specimen, Zoe Barrett, Brianny Medina, Luke J. Lunsford, Chenell S. Anagbo-Dowetin, Xandria L. Parker, Emily E. Rowland, Mohammad A. Afani, Rasheed Agboola, Joshua Owolabi

Research Day

Introduction: Metastatic cancer is the spread of cancer from its original site known as the primary tumor to other parts of the body. Metastatic melanoma is more likely to spread and is considered very aggressive, making it common among patients with Melanoma. People are usually initially diagnosed with it locally, however ⅓ of patients eventually will have cancer recurrence or metastasis. One way to obtain a diagnosis of metastatic cancer is from a histological diagnosis involving biopsied tissue and H&E staining.) This cadaveric specimen with confirmed melanoma provided a unique opportunity to evaluate patterns of nodal and visceral metastasis across …

Histologic Comparison Of Fibrosis In The Sinoatrial Node Of Cadavers With And Without Permanent Pacemakers, Joshua Rohme, Shelley Jones, Alisson Herrington, Leilani Everett, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Background The sinoatrial (SA) node serves as the primary pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses that regulate normal cardiac rhythm. Age-related structural remodeling of the SA node, particularly fibrosis and increased collagen deposition, has been strongly associated with sinus node dysfunction and represents a leading indication for permanent pacemaker implantation in older adults. Despite this association, limited histologic research has directly compared SA node architecture between individuals with pacemakers and age-matched individuals without pacing devices.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the degree of fibrosis and collagen deposition within the SA node of cadavers …

Renal Cystic Pathology As A Potential Marker Of Impaired Kidney–Brain Axis In Senile Dementia: A Multi-Cadaveric Case Study, Jordan B. Ahlgren, Naomi Abraha, Tyrese Claridge-Rogers, Sangavi Sriranganathan, Joshua Owolabi

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that renal function plays a role in neurological health. The kidney functions as an important systemic regulator of filtration and maintaining blood pressure. Impairment in renal filtration has been linked to neuronal degeneration through reduced clearance of toxins, inflammatory markers, and proteins implicated in cognitive decline. Cystic kidney pathology, often associated with polycystic kidney disease or age-related cyst formation, may reflect impaired renal function that contributes to neuronal degeneration. This cadaveric case study investigated whether structural renal structural abnormalities observed in individuals with senile-related death provide anatomical support for a relationship between renal pathology and neurodegenerative and …