Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pediatric Dermatologists Versus Ai Bots: Evaluating The Medical Knowledge And Diagnostic Capabilities Of Chatgpt, Charles Y. Huang, Esther Zhang, Marie-Chantal Caussade, Trinity Brown, Griffin Stockton Hogrogian, Albert C. Yan

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

This study evaluates the clinical accuracy of OpenAI's ChatGPT in pediatric dermatology by comparing its responses on multiple-choice and case-based questions to those of pediatric dermatologists. ChatGPT's versions 3.5 and 4.0 were tested against questions from the American Board of Dermatology and the "Photoquiz" section of Pediatric Dermatology. Results show that human pediatric dermatology clinicians generally outperformed both ChatGPT iterations, though ChatGPT-4.0 demonstrated comparable performance in some areas. The study highlights the potential of AI tools in aiding clinicians with medical knowledge and decision-making, while also emphasizing the need for continual advancements and clinician oversight in using such technologies.

Improving Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates In Immunosuppressed Pediatric Patients With Rheumatic Disease., Julia G. Harris, Jordan T. Jones, Leslie Favier, Emily Fox, Michael J. Holland, Amy Ivy, Cara M. Hoffart, Maria Ibarra, Ashley M. Cooper

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatic diseases are at a high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease due to immunosuppression. We conducted a quality improvement project, and the first aim was to increase the percentage of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease that is up to date on pneumococcal vaccinations from 9.6% to 80% within one year. Subsequently, the second aim was to increase the percentage of patients on immunosuppression with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, juvenile dermatomyositis and systemic vasculitis that is up to date on pneumococcal vaccinations from 62.6% to 80% within one year.

METHODS: …

Casi: A Framework For Cross-Timepoint Analysis Of Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Data, Yizhuo Wang, Christopher R Flowers, Michael Wang, Xuelin Huang, Ziyi Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has been widely used to study the differences in gene expression at the single cell level, providing insights into the research of cell development, differentiation, and functional heterogeneity. Various pipelines and workflows of scRNA-seq analysis have been developed but few considered multi-timepoint data specifically. In this study, we develop CASi, a comprehensive framework for analyzing multiple timepoints' scRNA-seq data, which provides users with: (1) cross-timepoint cell annotation, (2) detection of potentially novel cell types emerged over time, (3) visualization of cell population evolution, and (4) identification of temporal differentially expressed genes (tDEGs). Through comprehensive simulation …

Modulation Of The Blood-Brain Barrier By Sigma-1r Activation, Eugen Brailoiu, Jeffrey L Barr, Hailey N Wittorf, Saadet Inan, Ellen M Unterwald, Gabriela Cristina Brailoiu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (Sigma-1R) is an intracellular chaperone protein residing on the endoplasmic reticulum at the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) region. Sigma-1R is abundant in the brain and is involved in several physiological processes as well as in various disease states. The role of Sigma-1R at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is incompletely characterized. In this study, the effect of Sigma-1R activation was investigated in vitro on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMVEC), an important component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and in vivo on BBB permeability in rats. The Sigma-1R agonist PRE-084 produced a dose-dependent increase in mitochondrial calcium, …

Effect Of Methyl Jasmonate And Ga3 On Canola (Brassica Napus L) Growth, Antioxidants Activity, And Nutrient Concentration Cultivated In Salt-Affected Soils, Subhan Danish, Sundas Sana, Muhammad Baqir Hussain, Khadim Dawar, Hesham S Almoallim, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Misbah Hareem, Rahul Datta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Salinity stress is a significant challenge in agricultural production. When soil contains high salts, it can adversely affect plant growth and productivity due to the high concentration of soluble salts in the soil water. To overcome this issue, foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and gibberellic acid (GA3) can be productive amendments. Both can potentially improve the plant's growth attributes and flowering, which are imperative in improving growth and yield. However, limited literature is available on their combined use in canola to mitigate salinity stress. That's why the current study investigates the impact of different levels of MJ (at concentrations …

Impact Of Fluid Restriction On Pulmonary Function During Exercise, Kylie Moulin

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Exercise performance is impaired by dehydration and, separately, can be negatively impacted in scenarios where there is pulmonary expiratory flow limitation (EFL). Interestingly, there may be an interaction between dehydration and pulmonary function. Previous work has suggested that resting pulmonary function is impaired by mild dehydration through the collapse of small/unsupported airways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluid restriction on EFL presence and other pulmonary dynamics such as operating lung volumes. METHODS: 12 healthy active adults (8 M and 4 F) aged 20 ± 2 years performed a VO_2Peak test on a …

The Dry Bloodletting: A History Of The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders In Military Service Members, Kevin Johnson

Masters Theses, 2020-current

This work is a close look at how veterans of war have been treated medically for ailents of the mind. This work looks closely at the many therapies and pharmaceutical remedies that have been perscribed to veterans with the advent of the field of psycology at the trun of the century. Sources included the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), multiple clinical trials and white papers, records from the VA, etc. The reader should walk away with a better understanding of how the path towards healing invisble wounds has been mired with revictimization and controversy.

Enhanced Bariatric Surgery Preoperative Support To Improve Postoperative Surgical Outcomes, Jeffrey Eavey

Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Projects, 2020-current

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is a procedure known to eradicate disease and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from obesity. The pathway to bariatric surgery is a comprehensive and lengthy process; therefore, patients require additional support from the multidisciplinary healthcare team and their support system. The accrediting body of an academic medical center bariatric surgery program (BSP) requires the program to limit and reduce 30-day all cause postoperative emergency department (ED) visits and 30-day all cause postoperative readmissions. A telemedicine visit within two weeks prior to surgery was added with the intent to assess patients for knowledge deficits and …

The Relationship Between Social Risk Factors And Pre-Term Births In Hawai’I, Rina Therese Ramos Amposta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Premature birth remains the leading cause of neonatal death and is associated with birth defects and long-term health morbidities. Hawai’i, with dominant Pacific Islander, Asian, and White populations, ranks 18th amongst the states with the highest rate of preterm birth. Guided by the social ecological model, the purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional research study was to determine the extent of the association of social risk factors and preterm birth in the state of Hawai’i for the years 2012-2015 using the Hawai’i Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring Systems (PRAMS). Preterm birth in Hawai’i from 2012- 2015 was found to be 17% …

Clinical Significance Of Pno1 As A Novel Biomarker And Therapeutic Target Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Sanjit K. Roy, Shivam Srivastava, Caroline Mccance, Anju Shrivastava, Jason Morvant, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The RNA-binding protein PNO1 plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that it is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker of HCC and also examine the therapeutic potential of PNO1 knockout for the treatment of HCC. PNO1 expression was upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 expression was positively associated with tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PNO1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to that in …

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Of The Face, Erin Brown, Cheyenne Rahimi, Neel D. Gupta, Jagan D. Gupta, Triet M. Do, Mae Igi, Enrique Palacios

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Public Perception Of Service, Therapy, And Emotional Support Animals In A College Setting, Elizabeth Demarse

Honors College Theses

The use of service dogs, emotional support dogs and therapy dogs continues to increase, they are likewise becoming more common on college campuses. However, outside of a 2017 survey into the general population, there is little data into the public’s ability to define these animals and their roles or how negative press affects trust in the legitimacy of these animals. Additionally, no research has been done into how this affects college students despite college campuses frequently being a location where assistance animal ownership is brought into question. An anonymous survey was conducted and distributed online to students at Murray State …

Downregulation Of Mirlet7 Mirna Family Promotes Tc17 Differentiation And Emphysema Via De-Repression Of Rorγt, Phillip A Erice, Xinyan Huang, Matthew J Seasock, Matthew J Robertson, Hui-Ying Tung, Melissa A Perez-Negron, Shivani L Lotlikar, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Antony Rodriguez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Environmental air irritants including nanosized carbon black (nCB) can drive systemic inflammation, promoting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema development. The let-7 microRNA (Mirlet7 miRNA) family is associated with IL-17-driven T cell inflammation, a canonical signature of lung inflammation. Recent evidence suggests the Mirlet7 family is downregulated in patients with COPD, however, whether this repression conveys a functional consequence on emphysema pathology has not been elucidated. Here, we show that overall expression of the Mirlet7 clusters, Mirlet7b/Mirlet7c2 and Mirlet7a1/Mirlet7f1/Mirlet7d, are reduced in the lungs and T cells of smokers with emphysema as well as in mice with …

Imaging Features Of Primary Intracranial Sarcoma With Dicer1 Mutation: A Multicenter Case Series, Rami W Eldaya, Richard J Fagan, Samir A Dagher, Angshumoy Roy, Sonika Dahyia, Gregory N Fuller, Max Wintermark, Matthew S Parsons, Thierry A G M Huisman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant, is a rare, recently described entity in the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of CNS Tumors. Given the entity's rarity and recent description, imaging data on primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant, remains scarce. In this multicenter case series, we present detailed multimodality imaging features of primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant, with emphasis on the appearance of the entity on MR imaging. In total, 8 patients were included. In all 8 patients, the lesion demonstrated blood products on T1WI. In 7 patients, susceptibility-weighted imaging was obtained and demonstrated blood products. Primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant, …

The Glue That Holds It Together: Navigating Dental Cements For Indirect Restorations, Sana Chawla, Leo Makhdoom, Sangeetharaj Sheela

Excellence Day

Objectives: This poster will review the following: 1) The mechanism of action of cements available in dentistry 2) To compare the advantages and disadvantages of different materials used in conventional and adhesive cementation techniques 3) To evaluate the various options available for cementation of indirect restorations, including inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges, and 4) To explore the rationale behind selecting specific options and techniques for different clinical scenarios. Methods: A literature review was conducted to gather information on cementation methods for indirect restorations. A combination of 18 research studies and systematic reviews comparing traditional and resin cements, as well as …

The Evolution Of Composite As A Direct Restorative Material; A "Journey Through Innovation", Nazgol Zamanian, Madiha Fatima, Niyousha Rafeie

Excellence Day

Abstract: Objectives: The present review study aimed to provide a brief history of resin-based composites (RBC) as direct restorative materials and their evolution from macrofill to nanohybrid RBCs, as well as newly developed RBCs with bioactive, antimicrobial, and remineralizing properties. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using the appropriate keywords. Case reports and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. Results: Among the 80 papers initially resulting from the literature search, 35 studies were reviewed and included. The application of resin composite as a direct restorative material has increased significantly due to its higher esthetics compared to amalgam and fewer …

Smile Solutions: Choosing Your Perfect Fits, Jasmine Hussein, Kamaljot Rattu, Karam El-Hemaly

Excellence Day

Abstract: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of three predominant dental restoration methods: removable dentures, fixed bridges, and dental implants. By focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of removable dentures, this study aims to elucidate the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction associated with each treatment option. Removable dentures offer a non-invasive and cost-effective solution for tooth replacement, which can be particularly appealing for patients with extensive tooth loss or those looking for a temporary solution while considering long-term options. However, they may not offer the same stability and aesthetic appeal as their fixed counterparts or implants. This study leverages patient …

Comparison Of Digital Impressions And Conventional Impressions In Dentistry, Keerat Kuckreja, Charan Teja Bobba, Kunal Sethi

Excellence Day

Title:Comparison of Digital Impressions and Conventional Impressions in Dentistry Objective:This poster provides a comparative analysis of digital and conventional impression-taking methods in dentistry, assessing their performance in terms of speed, efficiency, cost, storage, impression transfer, visualization, dentist and patient acceptance, infection control, and patient education. Methods:Data from 15 research articles were meticulously reviewed, extracting insights to facilitate a comprehensive comparison. The poster integrates visual elements, including recorded images by the presenters, to augment the analysis. Results: Conventional impressions are lauded for their cost-effectiveness, reliability, and adherence to standardized protocols. Conversely, digital impressions offer enhanced precision, streamlined workflow, and improved patient …

A Shfiting Paradigm In Dental Education: Embracing Prevention Over Interventionfor Dental Caries Management, Neekita Saudagar, Karan Bajwa, Mandeep Kaur

Excellence Day

Shifting Paradigm in Dental Care: Embracing Prevention over Intervention for Dental caries Objective: This study aims to evaluate the reliability, usability, and reproducibility of CAMBRA for assessing caries risk levels in pediatric to adult patients, assess the efficacy of ADA guided treatment interventions, and investigate non-invasive dental interventions supporting caries management decisions. The purpose of the poster is three-fold, namely (1) to briefly review CAMBRA and analyze its reliability, usability and reproducibility of caries risk level for pediatric to adult patients. (2) To assess the efficacy of ADA guided treatment interventions (3) To investigate available dental intervention that supports the …

Tissue Management For Indirect Restorations Using Gingival Retraction Systems, Summer Youssef, Punyatoya Parichha, Asmaa Elbegirmy

Excellence Day

Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different gingival retraction systems, including cords, paste, and laser, for creating adequate gingival retraction in preparation for indirect restorations. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to gather relevant studies and clinical trials comparing the use of cords, paste, and laser for gingival retraction. Various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies were included based on their relevance to the topic and their methodological rigor. Results: The review revealed that each gingival retraction system has its own advantages and limitations. Traditional …

Utilization Of Hopeless Teeth For Orthodontic Anchorage, Esha Patel

Excellence Day

This patient has an extensive history in UOP’s main clinic involving multiple restorations, endodontic treatment, and extractions dating back to 2017. She presented to the orthodontic clinic with a chief concern of wanting to better align her teeth prior to implant placement. The patient had a missing lower left 1st premolar and upper left 2nd premolar due to previous extractions. Both upper lateral incisors were endodontically treated prior to becoming a patient at UOP and had decayed to the gum line with a hopeless prognosis. The patient was diagnosed with skeletal bimaxillary protrusion and bilateral class III molar malocclusion. She …

Orthodontic Forced Rapid Extrusion To Avoid Crown Lengthening Or Extraction, Andrew Tran, Taylor Pearl

Excellence Day

" This patient reported to the orthodontic clinic with an unrestorable crown due to minimal ferrule on #7. The patient was looking to avoid crown lengthening surgery and wanted to explore other potential options. A wax build up was created on #7 with a suckdown splint over in order to create space to complete rapid extrusion of the tooth. The patient wore an extrusion elastic for roughly 6 months. After extrusion was completed, a fixed retainer was bonded on the teeth while waiting for the dentist to complete the crown. After the final crown was delivered, a new fixed permanent …

Resolving Anterior Cross Bite And Titrating Implant Spaces With Full Fixed Applicances And Tads (Temporary Anchorage Device, Seung Ah Jung

Excellence Day

This patient reported to the orthodontic clinic with a chief concern of anterior cross bite and multiple non-restorable posterior teeth. Patient had full cusp class III molar and canine relationship bilaterally, with anterior cross bite from #7 to #11. Patient also presented with multiple teeth with severe decay, failed root canal treatment, pulp polyp, and fracture. She was planned for extraction of #29, #30, #18, #19, #1, and #16. She hoped to get a minimum amount of implant restorations as possible after extraction and orthodontic treatment. Full fixed appliance and two anterior TADs (temporary anchorage device) were used for her …

Lateral Substitution With Full Fixed Appliances, Jeff Roseth, Edrick Tan

Excellence Day

This patient reported to the orthodontic clinic with a chief concern of crowding in the maxillary and mandibular arches. The patient had previous trauma to her U1s during a biking accident about 5 years prior to coming in for her initial ortho consultation. U1s were previously restored with root canals and composite fillings. Upon re-evaluation of root canals at UOP prior to starting ortho treatment, it was determined that the prognosis for UL1 was hopeless and UR1 needed new root canal therapy. With consults from the Endo, Ortho and restorative departments, it was determined that the treatment plan would include …

Restoring The Anterior Esthetic Zon And Closing Spaces For A Growing Female With Multiple Missing And Impacted Teeth, Kristen Lo

Excellence Day

A 13 year old female presented to the orthodontic clinic with a chief concern of "I want to fix my teeth." Her initial soft tissue profile was convex with incompetent lips, mentalis strain, and a labiomentla sulcus. She presented with a skeletal Cl II malocclusion, molars half cusp class II bilaterally, and congenitally missing upper laterals and upper second premolars as well as impacted lower second premolars. Her upper and lower incisors were severely proclined, and she had an overjet of 8mm. The goals of treatment were to achieve competent lips and improve mentalis strain. We maintained spaces for future …

Mesializing Teeth To Prevent Restorative Spance Using Benefit System And Orthodontic Microimplants, Ava Vakili

Excellence Day

Miqueas, a 22 year old male, patient reported to the orthodontic clinic with a chief concern of malalignment. He is missing four maxillary teeth and two mandibular teeth, all lost due to caries in his teens with no space maintenance. His general dentist recommended different restorative options such as removable partial denture, implants or bridges to replace the space or alternately get an orthodontic consult to discuss possibilities of closing the spaces. A bone-anchored mesializer appliance called the PSM BENEfit system was delivered to mesialize and reduce the amount of restorative space from four to two future implants in the …

Primary Failure Of Eruption: Failure Is Not An Option, Jonathan Starley

Excellence Day

This patient presented to the orthodontic clinic with a chief complaint of multiple unerupted teeth in the upper left quadrant and one unerupted tooth in the lower left quadrant. Primary failure of eruption was the suspected diagnoses. The patient was told the teeth would need to be extracted by a previous oral surgeon and came in looking for other options. Due to the nature of primary failure of eruption, orthodontic force applied to the teeth would lead to the teeth being ankylosed. It was proposed to use corticotomy surgery in conjunction with orthodontic treatment to facilitate tooth movement and retrieve …

Optimizing Implant Prosthesis Success In A Patient With Oligodontia: Distalization Strategies For Enhanced Bone Levels And Addressing Bolton's Tooth Size Discrepancy With Peg Lateral Buildups In Orthodontic Treatment, Yash Sharma, Colton Kelly

Excellence Day

Patient B.C. presented to the orthodontic clinic with the chief complaint, “I want to fix the gaps in between my teeth.” The patient presented with a skeletal and dental Class I pattern with moderate U/L spacing. Patient was congenitally missing U6s and U/L7s with no previously reported family history of oligodontia. Patient also had a Bolton’s Tooth size discrepancy with mandibular anterior excess and peg-shaped laterals. Since the patient has inadequate maxillary bone distal to the U6s for a future implant prosthesis, it was treatment planned to use fixed orthodontic appliances and open coiled springs to distilize U5s to allow …

Management Of Different Types Of Through And Through Defectsusing Guide Tissue Regeneration (Gtr), Amro Elkhatieb

Excellence Day

Through and through defects result in perforation of both alveolar cortical plates, buccal and lingual/palatal, at the apical region causing communication between the flapped tissues (usually buccal) and the unflapped tissues (usually lingual/palatal). Multiple approaches have been proposed to manage these defects using different regenerative materials such as resorbable membranes with or without graft material, calcium sulfate, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). However, there is no consensus on the ultimate management protocol for these defects, which leaves clinicians uncertain about the long-term prognosis. A possible reason for the different outcomes is the variation in how through and …

Comparison Of Four Disinfection Techniques Using A Small Root Canal Model, Sarah Nash, Ankita Kathpalia, William On

Excellence Day

Objective: This study aims to test the efficacy of 4 different irrigation systems against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a small root canal model. Materials & Methods: Distobuccal canals of human maxillary molars were instrumented to a standard 20/.04 taper and autoclaved. Canals were then infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 teeth/group) and disinfected with either standard needle irrigation (SNI), ultrasonic activation (PUI), LEAP (L), or Gentlewave (GW). Bacterial reduction from the root canals was calculated based on pre- and post-disinfection samples. 5 teeth were selected randomly from each group and sectioned …