Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Application Of Methods To Population-Based Surveys To Reduce Bias In Estimates Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Burden In The Population, Saba Qasmieh

Dissertations and Theses

BACKGROUND: Population-based surveys designed to randomly sample the population can be a critical and complementary tool to traditional surveillance approaches. Probability-based surveys enable the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 testing and outcomes that avoid issues around self-selection into testing, making them an effective approach to address ascertainment bias in passive surveillance. For surveys to be a useful and reliable surveillance tool for understanding the burden and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they need to capture prevalence estimates that are both valid and reliable to be optimally informative for public health measures. The dissertation was undertaken to address three main gaps that have implications …

Thyroid Cartilage Metastases From Prostate Cancer On 18f Psma Pet Ct: A Case Series, Poonamjeet Loyal, Samuel Gitau, Khalid Makhdomi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Prostate cancer metastases to the thyroid cartilage is an extremely rare phenomenon. We report three cases of advanced prostate carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid cartilage identified on 18F prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 (PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The pathophysiology and possibility for under-reporting are also discussed. Prostate cancer metastases to the larynx should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cartilage lesions in patients with advanced prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.

A Case Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2o (Cmt 20) Associated With Dync1h1 And Slc12a6 Mutations, Tehreem Arshad, Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Arsalan Ahmad

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Charcot Marie-Tooth) comprises of a variety of hereditary diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system. Charcot Marie-Tooth2 is a subgroup caused by defects in the axon of the peripheral nerve cells. Charcot Marie-Tooth Type 2O is an uncommon type that affects less than one in a million people and is linked to specific genetic abnormalities. We report a case study of a 66-year-old individual with Charcot Marie-Tooth Type 2O, diagnosed on clinical presentation and identified through genetic analysis. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies supported the diagnosis of an axonal sensorineural neuropathy. A comprehensive genetic neuropathies panel led to the …

Hurdles In Diagnosis Of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Anticipation Catastrophe Across Three Generations: A Case Report, Sana Ghous, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqui

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (F-ALS), a rare hereditary variant of ALS, is characterized by a genetic predisposition to the disease. In this case report, we reveal a compelling instance of F-ALS within a three-generation family, involving a grandfather, son, and grandson, all manifesting early-onset symptoms and progressive upper and lower motor neuron findings. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed through electromyography fulfilling El Escorial criteria of ALS. Our investigation highlights the familial connection in this case, emphasizing the hereditary aspect of ALS. This report underscores the significance of considering familial ALS in cases of successive generational involvement with early onset, a …

Rare Presentation Of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis With Bilateral Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report, Maryam Khalil, Mansoor Iqbal, Samer Naik, Ayma Khan Khan, Zakir Jan, Mazhar Badshah

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Central Nervous System tuberculosis (CNS TB) with intracranial aneurysms is rare and needs prompt diagnosis and early management. The presence of un-ruptured or ruptured aneurysms in the presence of CNS infection is difficult to treat in both acute settings and long-term management because of possible complications prevention. A female of 70 years of age presented with a history of fever, headache, vomiting, and altered sensorium for one week with GCS of 13/15, later developing paraparesis. She was diagnosed to have CNS tuberculosis with complicating bilateral anterior communicating artery (ACA) aneurysms. She was managed conservatively in our hospital and was referred …

Strengthening U.S. Jail Systems’ Response To Infectious Diseases: An Evaluation Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Erinn Bacchus

Dissertations and Theses

Jails across the United States were struck with increased infections and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown the structural make up of jails, lack of preparedness plans, and overcrowding contributed to health risks and poor health outcomes both inside jails and local communities. Yet little research has been dedicated to strengthening jail responses to infectious disease outbreaks spanning prevention measures, data collection, and reentry planning. Gaps include information on the (1) myriad infectious disease mitigation strategies used in jails and adherence to CDC prevention guidelines, (2) development of a standardized epidemiologic surveillance system, and (3) experiences working at …

Accessible Real-Time Eye-Gaze Tracking For Neurocognitive Health Assessments, A Multimodal Web-Based Approach, Daniel C. Tisdale

Master's Theses

We introduce a novel integration of real-time, predictive eye-gaze tracking models into a multimodal dialogue system tailored for remote health assessments. This system is designed to be highly accessible requiring only a conventional webcam for video input along with minimal cursor interaction and utilizes engaging gaze-based tasks that can be performed directly in a web browser. We have crafted dynamic subsystems that capture high-quality data efficiently and maintain quality through instances of user attrition and incomplete calls. Additionally, these subsystems are designed with the foresight to allow for future re-analysis using improved predictive models, as well as enable the creation …

Social Determinants Of Health And Psychological Capital Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness, Angela J. Preston, Lynn Rew, Jason Spees

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Social determinants of health affect health behaviors and outcomes. Youth experiencing homelessness suffer significant deprivation of resources such as inadequate housing, reduced education, poor health care, and decreased economic stability. Inner resources, such as psychological capital, may also be related to health behaviors and health outcomes. Objective: In this study, we sought to describe and explore associations among selected determinants of health and self-reported scores on indicators of psychological capital among youth experiencing homelessness. Methods: This cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted with a randomized subsample of 148 youth. We calculated chi-square frequencies to describe the data, classical item analyses …

Once, I Was Very Very Scared And More: An Exploration Into Depictions Of Interpersonal Trauma In Children's Literature, Emma K. Siepmann

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the ways in which experiences of interpersonal trauma are depicted in English-language contemporary literature for elementary-aged children (6-11 years). A review of academic literature suggests that interpersonal trauma can have devastating and ongoing repercussions for individuals and their communities, although establishing a sense of relational safety can help mitigate these effects and facilitate healing after a traumatic experience. This research explores age-appropriate literature as a therapeutic tool for developing relational safety and providing critical skills to children at risk for and recovering from interpersonal trauma. This study analyzes the depictions of interpersonal trauma found in 11 picture …

Exploring How Factors Affecting Exercise Adherence May Inform Strategies To Increase Adherence In General And Depressed Populations: A Literature Review, Henry D. Link

University Honors Theses

Background: Exercise is associated with numerous physical and mental health benefits; however, many people struggle to exercise a sufficient amount and thus do not reap the benefits. Exercise is recognized as an effective treatment for depression with few risks. Professionals must understand the factors affecting exercise adherence to assist individuals of different backgrounds with adhering to exercise over the long term and to avoid common pitfalls that could hinder an individual’s progress.

Objective: This literature review aimed to identify factors affecting exercise adherence and to explore how those factors could inform strategies to increase exercise adherence among depressed …

Automated Orthopedic Impactor, Joshua P. Kannankunni, Maria F. Fletcher, Olivia K. Kam

Biomedical Engineering

We were tasked by Dr. Dimitri Delagrammaticas, an orthopedic surgeon, to develop an automatic impaction device to use in hip arthroplasties. The goal of this project is to create and design the mechanical internals for an electric impactor device to aid in the impaction of orthopedic devices and reduce the risk of surgeon injuries. The stakeholders include our sponsor Dimitri Delagrammaticas and other orthopedic surgeons, patients in need of hip arthroplasty, hospitals, and Dr. Berg-Johansen. Dr. Berg-Johansen will be reviewing the design process and documentation for the duration of the senior design project. The Automated Orthopedic Impactor will solely focus …

Standard Use Of Valguard To Prevent Central Line Infections, Amour Alier, Nolan Gaines, Jensey Joseph, Lance Milke, Andrea Tatarevich, Navia Uyen Vo

2023

No abstract provided.

End Of Life, Children's Mercy Kansas City

Clinical Pathways

No abstract provided.

3d Bioprinting The Tumor Microenvironment For Immunotherapy Development, Molly Leyda, Tykeem Manor, John Szarejko, Douglas Myers, John M. Perry

Posters

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system that plays a crucial role in tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. The TME is composed of various cell types, including tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells such as macrophages. Macrophages are versatile myeloid cells which can exhibit both pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral functions, depending on their phenotype and the TME context. M1 macrophages have demonstrated promising pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, while tumor associated M2 macrophages (TAMs) play an anti-inflammatory role and promote tumor immune escape. Understanding the complex interactions between TAMs and the TME is, therefore, essential for developing effective …

Outgoing Mda President Knudsen: ‘I Strongly Believe In The Mda!’, Eric Knudsen Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In his outgoing address, MDA President Knudsen expressed excitement about the association’s future and highlighted key achievements and challenges. He thanked his wife, staff, and interim executive director Bill Sullivan for their support, particularly after the sudden passing of Karen Burgess. Knudsen emphasized initiatives to improve rural dental care, restructure the finance department, and address insurance reimbursement issues. He praised the MDA’s advocacy efforts, including expanding Medicaid and legislative accomplishments. Knudsen concluded by welcoming new executive director John Tramontana and expressing confidence in MDA's continued success.

Predictive Capacity Of Immune-Related Adverse Events And Cytokine Profiling In Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Trials For Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Angela Alnemri, Sruti Tekumalla, Annie Moroco, Ioannis Vathiotis, Madalina Tuluc, Stacey Gargano, Tingting Zhan, David Cognetti, Joseph Curry, Athanassios Argiris, Alban Linnenbach, Andrew South, Larry Harshyne, Jennifer Johnson, Adam Luginbuhl

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Certain low-level immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been associated with survival benefits in patients with various solid tumors on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to investigate the association between irAEs and response to neoadjuvant ICIs in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to identify differences in circulating cytokine levels based on irAE status.

METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including three neoadjuvant clinical trials from July 2017 to January 2022: NCT03238365 (nivolumab ± tadalafil), NCT03854032 (nivolumab ± BMS986205), NCT03618654 (durvalumab ± metformin). The presence and type of irAEs, pathologic treatment response, and survival …

Age-Dependent Dynamics Of Breast Cancer Driven By Mutant P53: Insight From A Mouse Model, Jyotsna Devi Godavarthi

Dissertations (2016-Present)

Breast cancer (BC) incidence increases with age, and a substantial proportion of aggressive forms of BC are observed in older women. The mechanisms underlying BC's age dependence remain unclear. Genetic alterations in BC most frequently occur in the tumor suppressor gene p53, with most mutations occurring somatically at arginine (R) 248 to tryptophan (W) or glutamine (Q) (R248W/Q in humans, corresponding to R245W/Q in mice) mutation. Previously, a conditional mouse p53wmR245W allele was generated. It allowed inducing p53R245W mutant in the mammary epithelium of the p53wmR245W/+ mice by delivering adenovirus expressing Cre (Ad-Cre) into the mammary ducts, …

Building A Unified Dental Team, Michelle C. Dziurgot Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Unity is essential for dental teams to function cohesively, especially post-COVID-19. Effective unity involves clear communication, shared goals, and trust among team members. Embracing diversity and respecting all cultures are crucial. Regular team meetings and activities, both on-site and off-site, help foster unity. Utilizing resources like DiSC® training can also enhance team cohesion.

Statin Utilization And Cardiovascular Outcomes In A Real-World Primary Prevention Cohort Of Older Adults, Aaron J. Walker, Jianhui Zhu, Floyd Thoma, Oscar Marroquin, Amber Makani, Martha Gulati, Eugenia Gianos, Salim S. Virani, Fatima Rodriguez, Steven E. Reis, Christie Ballantyne

Office of the Provost

Background: Statins are a cost-effective therapy for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Guidelines on statins for primary prevention are unclear for older adults (>75 years).
Objective: Investigate statin utility in older adults without ASCVD events, by risk stratifying in a large healthcare network.
Methods: We included 8,114 older adults, without CAD, PVD or ischemic stroke. Statin utilization based on ACC/AHA 10-year ASCVD risk calculation, was evaluated in intermediate (7.5%-19.9%) and high-risk patients (≥ 20%); and categorized using low and 'moderate or high' intensity statins with a follow up period of ∼7 years. Cox regression models were used to …

Rates Of Urinary Tract Infection In Transgender Women Postvaginoplasty Vs Cisgender Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study In A Large Us Health Network, David Gilbert, Aishwarya Gautam, Tomasz Tabernacki, Megan Mcnamara, Rachel Pope, Shubham Gupta, Kirtishri Mishra

Student Scholarship

Objective: To describe urinary tract infection (UTI) risk 3-month postvaginoplasty (VP) in transgender women (TW) compared to cis women (CW). Methods: Using TriNetX (TriNetX, Inc, Cambridge, MA), we built cohorts of 2041 TW and 48,374,745 CW. Outcomes were ≥1 instance of UTI or Cystitis, and assessed from 3-6, 3-12, 3-36 months, and 3 months-10 years post-VP. TW and CW were age-cohorted (18-39, 40-59, 60-74) and compared at each time interval. Kaplan-Meier was used to account for loss to follow-up, along with hazard ratios and log-rank tests to determine significance (P <.05). Results: For all time intervals and age ranges, TW had a significantly (P <.0001-P = .0088) higher probability of developing a UTI compared to CW. The largest difference was ages 40-59 ten-year post-VP. In this analysis, CW and TW had a 12.96% and 29.34% cumulative outcome incidence, respectively. Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated increased hazard for TW compared to CW. Hazard ratios between CW and TW ranged from 1.363 (ages 18-39 at 10 years, 95%CI: 1.119,1.660) to 3.522 (ages 60-74 at 12 months, 95%CI: 1.951,6.360). Conclusion: We found a significantly higher probability of TW developing UTIs compared to age-cohorted CW. Contributing factors may include difficulties with neovaginal perineal hygiene, lack of commensal bacteria and vaginal mucosa, larger urethral meatus, high rates of meatal stenosis, and nonnative bacteria introduced through dilators and douching. These findings may help improve quality of postoperative care in TW.

What You Should Know About Medicare (And How To Avoid Potential Medicare Traps), Rick Seely

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Navigating Medicare is complex due to its numerous parts, rules, and potential penalties. For those turning 65, enrolling in Medicare can be daunting and mistakes can be costly. Working with a certified Medicare broker is recommended to ensure proper and timely enrollment. The article emphasizes understanding when to enroll, which parts of Medicare to choose based on individual circumstances, and common misconceptions. It also highlights the importance of supplemental coverage and the differences between Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage plans. MDA members have access to resources and brokers to aid in this transition.

Staff Matters: How Will The New Federal Earnings Threshold Impact Our Practice?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article addresses impending changes to overtime rules under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and their implications for dental practices. The Department of Labor's recent updates on the minimum earning threshold for exempt employees necessitate adjustments in employment classifications. Starting July 1, 2024, the threshold will increase to $844 per week and subsequently rise every three years. Dental practices, including salaried employees like dental hygienists and management staff, must reassess classifications to ensure compliance. For affected employees, reclassification as non-exempt may be necessary, entailing eligibility for overtime pay. However, a hybrid approach—paying non-exempt employees a weekly salary while …

J Mich Dent Assoc June 2024

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association provides news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. It stands as the primary publication reaching Michigan dentists.

In the June 2024 issue, the Journal focuses on the 2024 Annual Meeting in Lansing. Original content includes:

• A cover story farewell address by MDA President Eric Knudsen

• A feature article on Medicare

• A New Professional Column

• A New Professional Column: “Navigating the Journey: Finding Your Practice Philosophy as a New Dentist”

• News You Need, an editorial, and regular department articles covering MDA …

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Mda Foundation: $110,000 Raised At Sparkling Smiles Event; Mini-Grant Awarded, Anne Berquist

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The 2024 MDA Foundation’s Sparkling Smiles event raised a record-breaking $110,000, surpassing last year's total by $30,000. The Holland Free Dental Clinic received a $2,500 mini-grant. Keynote speaker Todd J. Duckett's address inspired generosity. The Foundation awarded $110,000 in grants this past year, including 12 scholarships totaling $31,000. The event featured a successful Wine Lotto and was supported by numerous sponsors.

Mda Insurance: Weave A Financial Safety Net To Protect Your Income Stream, Future, And Family, Craig Start

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

It's crucial to have a financial safety net, especially for small-business owners and parents, to protect against career-ending injury or illness. Key insurance policies include life insurance, disability income insurance, and business overhead expense insurance. Life insurance ensures financial support for your family, while disability insurance provides income if you cannot work. Business overhead insurance covers business expenses during your disability. Contact MDA Insurance for a consultation on these essential protections.

Subunit Communication Within Dimeric Sf1 Dna Helicases, Binh Nguyen, John Hsieh, Christopher J Fischer, Timothy M Lohman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Monomers of the Superfamily (SF) 1 helicases, E. coli Rep and UvrD, can translocate directionally along single stranded (ss) DNA, but must be activated to function as helicases. In the absence of accessory factors, helicase activity requires Rep and UvrD homo-dimerization. The ssDNA binding sites of SF1 helicases contain a conserved aromatic amino acid (Trp250 in Rep and Trp256 in UvrD) that stacks with the DNA bases. Here we show that mutation of this Trp to Ala eliminates helicase activity in both Rep and UvrD. Rep(W250A) and UvrD(W256A) can still dimerize, bind DNA, and monomers still retain ATP-dependent ssDNA translocase …

Telehealth Resources And Utilization Interest Among Women Who Sell Sex: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study, Jessica L. Zemlak, Randi Beth Singer, Jacqueline Christianson, Madeline Stenersen, Maharaj Singh, Stacee M. Lerret

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

Among a sample of women who sell sex (WSS), we examined unmet health needs, resources for telehealth, utilization interest, and attributes associated with interest in using telehealth.

Study design

Explanatory sequential mixed methods.

Methods

WSS (N = 52) completed a fixed choice survey and focus group (N = 6, 26 individuals) from drop-in centers serving WSS. Chi-square/t-tests and results from the survey data informed the semi-structured focus group interview guide. Thematic analysis of focus group data was conducted to identify themes.

Results

Over half (58%) of participants expressed interest in using telehealth; however, some lack the necessary resources for …

Surgeon Experience Matters: An Exact Matched Analysis Of Tlif Outcomes Demonstrates No Difference In Surgical Outcomes Between Experienced Neurosurgeons And Orthopedic Surgeons, Geet Shukla, Abhijith V. Matur, Kelly Childress, Xu Tao, Julia Garcia-Vargas, Jay P. Mehta, Rebecca Garner, Justin Gibson, Daryn Cass, Phillip Vorster, Andrew Wu, Seth Street, Henry Ofori Duah, Benjamin Motley, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Study Design:  Retrospective cohort study. Objective:  To compare surgical and medical complications profile between neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedures. Background:  Studies comparing the impact of spine surgeon specialty (neurosurgery vs. orthopedic spine) on TLIF outcomes have been inconclusive and failed to control for operative learning curves and surgical maturity. Orthopedic spine surgeons perform fewer spine procedures in residency, although these differences may be attenuated by mandatory fellowship before starting practice. Any observed differences are likely attenuated with increasing surgeon experience. Materials and Methods:  Using an all-payer claims database, PearlDiver Mariner, 120 million patient records …

Depression And Its Associated Factors Among People Living With Hiv In The Volta Region Of Ghana, Jerry John Nutor, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Rachel G.A. Thompson, David Ayangba Asakitogum, Henry Ofori Duah, Tiarney D. Ritchwood, Nkothula Nkosi, Ntombifikile Klaas, Sampson Opoku Agyemang, Akua O. Gyamerah

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Depression among people living with HIV/AIDS in higher-income countries is associated with suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy and though counterintuitive. Yet, less is known regarding how depression, social support, and other sociodemographic factors influence outcomes among people living with HIV, particularly in resource-limited settings like Ghana. In view of this gap, this study investigated factors associated with depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana. A total of 181 people living with HIV from a local antiretroviral clinic was purposively sampled for the study. The questionnaire included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the …

Aeeg In The First 3 Days After Extremely Preterm Delivery Relates To Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Roberta Pineda, Zachary Vesoulis, Nathalie El Ters, Amit Mathur

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Investigate relationships between aEEG in the first 72 h in extremely preterm infants with 1) infant, medical, and environmental factors, and 2) infant feeding and neurobehavioral outcomes at term and school-age.

METHODS: Sixty-four preterm infants (≤28 weeks gestation) were enrolled within the first 24-hours of life and had two-channel aEEG until 72 h of life. Standardized neurobehavioral and feeding assessments were conducted at term, and parent-reported outcomes were documented at 5-7 years.

RESULTS: Lower aEEG Burdjalov scores (adjusted for gestational age) were related to vaginal delivery (p = 0.04), cerebral injury (p = 0.01), Black race (p < 0.01) and having unmarried parents (p = 0.02). Lower Burdjalov scores related to less NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale arousal (p = 0.002) at term and poorer BRIEF global executive function (p = 0.004), inhibition (p = 0.007), working memory (p = 0.02), material organization (p = 0.0008), metacognition (p = 0.01), and behavioral regulation (p = 0.02) at 5-7 years. We did not observe relationships of early aEEG to feeding outcomes or sensory processing measures.

CONCLUSION: Early …