Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effective Multidisciplinary Communication For Critical Access Hospitals During Obstetric Emergencies, Beverly D. Carpenter

MSN Student Capstones

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Gad-7 Screening In High School Students, Tamara L. Smith, Allison Darnell, Margaret Harvey, Phd, Acnp-Bc, Chfn, Jacqueline Sharp Dnp, Aprn, Pmhp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Adolescent mental health is a growing concern, with anxiety disorders being particularly prevalent among high school students. Left untreated, anxiety can significantly impact academic performance, social functioning, and long-term mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, highlighting the critical need for effective screening and intervention strategies. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) is a validated tool for identifying anxiety disorders, yet its application in high school settings is limited. This scoping review explores the effectiveness of GAD-7 in increasing mental health referrals and improving anxiety outcomes in high school students.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across …

No Vaccine? Why Not: Causes Of Vaccine Hesitancy And How Governments Can Stop It, Alexander (Alec) Mccarty '25

Honor Scholar Theses

Vaccine hesitancy is a term that has entered the spotlight since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. With concerns about efficacy, safety, and individual choice, many people have developed a hesitancy toward receiving any vaccine, creating concerns for public and global health. Through responses from local and state health departments about their actions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and through analysis of state vaccine rates based on political affiliation, this study suggests that vaccine hesitancy is a current issue that is likely politically motivated. States that are Republican affiliated have lower rates of vaccine uptake, and in turn they have higher …

Blue Chairs And Broken Minds: The Troubled Teen Industry’S Legacy Of Abuse, Macie Barker '25

Honor Scholar Theses

The Troubled Teen Industry (TTI) operates under the veil of rehabilitating adolescents with behavioral challenges. However, evidence reveals a system rife with abuse, manipulation, and inadequate oversight. From the infamous blue chairs of Straight, Inc., to the isolation tactics of WWASP program, this industry has maintained a facade of treatment while subjecting youth to severe abuse. This paper explores the history, recruitment tactics, institutional failures, survivor recovery journeys, and legal battles that define the TTI. Advocacy movements, including Breaking Code Silence and WWASP Survivors, have emerged to combat industry malpractice and push for policy changes to protect vulnerable youth. Additionally, …

Benchmarking Large Language Models For Biomedical Natural Language Processing Applications And Recommendations, Qingyu Chen, Yan Hu, Xueqing Peng, Qianqian Xie, Qiao Jin, Aidan Gilson, Maxwell B Singer, Xuguang Ai, Po-Ting Lai, Zhizheng Wang, Vipina K Keloth, Kalpana Raja, Jimin Huang, Huan He, Fongci Lin, Jingcheng Du, Rui Zhang, W Jim Zheng, Ron A Adelman, Zhiyong Lu, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses challenges for manual knowledge curation and synthesis. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) automates the process. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in general domains, their effectiveness in BioNLP tasks remains unclear due to limited benchmarks and practical guidelines. We perform a systematic evaluation of four LLMs-GPT and LLaMA representatives-on 12 BioNLP benchmarks across six applications. We compare their zero-shot, few-shot, and fine-tuning performance with the traditional fine-tuning of BERT or BART models. We examine inconsistencies, missing information, hallucinations, and perform cost analysis. Here, we show that traditional fine-tuning outperforms zero- or …

Referrals And Repeat Screening For Social Determinants Of Health In Pediatric Primary Care, Ashley Gibson, Rachel Eisenhauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: While healthcare screening for social determinants of health (SDOH) is increasing, not every patient who screens positive receives a referral to care coordination (community health workers, social workers, or case managers). Additionally, the impact of referral on patients' repeat screening is unknown.

Objective: The study aims to identify specific domains of SDOH that are associated with referrals to care coordination and assess the outcome of patients re–screened for SDOH at routine pediatric visits within 1 year. Additionally, this study aims to compare the SDOH needs identified on the initial and repeat screen.

Methods: The population includes patients who screened …

Life On The Dry Side: A Roadmap To Understanding Desiccation Tolerance And Accelerating Translational Applications, R A Marks, J T B Ekwealor, M A S Artur, L Bondi, T C Boothby, O M S Carmo, D C Centeno, K K Coe, H J W Dace, S Field, A Hutt, S Porembski, A Thalhammer, L Van Der Pas, A J Wood, P Alpert, D Bartels, S Boeynaems, M N Datar, T Giese, W I Seidou, S M Kirchner, J Köhler, U G V S S Kumara, J Kyung, R Lyall, B D Mishler, J B V T Ndongmo, M S Otegui, V Reddy, J Rexroth, S M Tebele, R Vanburen, J Verdier, U C Vothknecht, M F Wittenberg, E Zokov, M J Oliver, S Y Rhee

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

To thrive in extreme conditions, organisms have evolved a diverse arsenal of adaptations that confer resilience. These species, their traits, and the mechanisms underlying them comprise a valuable resource that can be mined for numerous conceptual insights and applied objectives. One of the most dramatic adaptations to water limitation is desiccation tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying desiccation tolerance has important potential implications for medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, and conservation. However, progress has been hindered by a lack of standardization across sub-disciplines, complicating the integration of data and slowing the translation of basic discoveries into practical applications. Here, we synthesize current knowledge …

Backbone-Mediated Weakening Of Pairwise Interactions Enables Percolation In Peptide-Based Mimics Of Protein Condensates, Xiangze Zeng, Rohit V Pappu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Biomolecular condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are semidilute solutions. These can be approximated as solutions of blob-sized segments, which are peptide-sized motifs. We leveraged the blob picture and molecular dynamics simulations to quantify differences between inter-residue interactions in model compound and peptide-based mimics of dense versus dilute phases. The all-atom molecular dynamics simulations use a polarizable forcefield. In model compound solutions, the interactions between aromatic residues are stronger than interactions between cationic and aromatic residues. This holds in dilute and dense phases. Cooperativity within dense phases enhances pairwise interactions leading to finite-sized nanoscale clusters. The results for peptide-based …

The Cruciality Of Early Recognition Of Postpartum Depression In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu) Mothers, Shelby Clark

Scholars Week

Postpartum depression is a serious complication of childbirth that is largely dismissed by society for a variety of reasons. Unfortunately, the condition is intensified for NICU mothers. If left untreated, postpartum depression can have detrimental effects. This quality-improvement project focused on early recognition of postpartum depression symptoms in mothers of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Western Kentucky. The goal of the project was education for and recognition of postpartum depression in NICU mothers. Methodology for the project included utilizing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to determine the severity of symptoms of postpartum depression for NICU mothers. …

Implementation & Evaluation Of A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Transition To Early Intervention Program For High-Risk Infants: A Pilot Study, Erin Price, Otd, Otr/L, Cnt, Ntmtc, Amy Carroll Otd, Otr/L

Department of Occupational Therapy Posters and Presentations

Background

Advances in medicine have increased the survival rate of preterm infants. It is well documented that preterm infants have increased risk for developmental delays (Heiny et al., 2020; Pineda et al., 2020) . Additionally, after long stays in the NICU, families report anxiety and feeling unprepared to care for their fragile child at home (Cheong at al., 2020; Garfield et al., 2014; Aloysius et al., 2018; Lakshmanan et al., 2019) . Preterm infants have fewer developmental delays when enrolled in a program that fosters development of skills and provides caregiver education; however, there is often a 4-5 month gap …

The Role Of Seladelpar In Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Taimoor Ashraf, Omar Abunada, Nandlal Seerani, Kashif Ali, Areej Muhammad, Syeda Lamiya Mir, Syed Adil Mir Shah, Muhammad Hassaan, Vikash Kumar, Waseem Abbas

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by progressive bile duct destruction, leading to cholestasis and, if untreated, liver failure. Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) remains the first-line treatment, many patients exhibit an inadequate response, necessitating alternative therapeutic options. Seladelpar, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ) agonist, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Seladelpar in patients with PBC. A comprehensive database search was performed to identify studies comparing Seladelpar …

Training To Move An Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiver Support Program Into Practice: A Pragmatic, Randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial Protocol, Nancy A. Hodgson, Miranda V. Mcphillips, Karen B. Hirschman, Emily Summerhayes, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Laura N. Gitlin

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

Background

Objective

Perceived Risk And Hpv Vaccination Awareness Among Women In Rural And Underserved Communities In The State Of Louisiana, Deborah Gurgel Smith, Emily M. Dantes, Robbie Beyl, Yanna X. De Koter, Margaret Bourg, Corey D. Smith, Gelinia Jackson, Justin Brown, Jerry W. Mclarty

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, women in rural and underserved communities of Louisiana face health disparities regarding human papillomavirus infections. This study explores how perceived risk and socioeconomic factors, such as income, influence HPV vaccine awareness and attitudes toward HPV risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women in rural and underserved areas of Louisiana from November 2022 to December 2023. Participants were eligible to be included in the study if they were adult females aged 25 to 64 with no history of hysterectomy and no history of cervical cancer. We used convenience sampling through a mobile health …

Pro: The Use Of Sugammadex Does Not Preclude The Need For Objective Neuromuscular Monitoring., J Ross Renew, Dustin D. Linn

Parkview Pharmacy Department

Based on strong evidence, optimal management of neuromuscular block should incorporate objective (or quantitative) neuromuscular monitoring with appropriately dosed antagonists such as sugammadex. Sugammadex has the unique ability to antagonize aminosteroidal-induced neuromuscular block at any level; however, neostigmine is a reasonable alternative at minimal levels. Blind or excessive administration of sugammadex does not eliminate the risk of patients having postoperative residual neuromuscular block. Significant variability exists in how patients respond both to neuromuscular blocking agents and their antagonists.

Parasite Contamination Of Soil In Different Peruvian Locations And Outside Built Environments, Carlos Pineda, Maritza Dalí Camones Rivera, Eddyson Montalva Sabino, Lucia Estela Mejia, Katherine Elizabeth Keegan, Lizbet Pilar Patricio Alvarez, Javier Jorge Mora, Fernanda Espinoza Vega, Emilio Rey Mejia, Patrick Olivas Herrera, Elisa Palomino Pando, Zhen Zeng, Athos Silva De Oliveira, Maria Jose Villar Mondragon, Barton Slatko, Eric J Wetzel, Rojelio Mejia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Soil is a reservoir for many parasites that can affect human and animal health, especially in tropical regions where soil-transmitted helminths and protozoa thrive. Understanding how environmental factors influence parasite distribution will provide a basis for relating how climate changes may intensify their impacts, altering parasite habitats and increasing transmission risks. We surveyed soil parasite prevalence, burden, and diversity in several different Peruvian environmental ecologies to catalog current parasite presence and provide a baseline for future surveys.

Methods: A total of 198 soil samples from 43 locations across three Peruvian regions-Tingo María (TM) (Amazon rainforest), Andabamba/Marabamba (A/M) (Andean highlands), …

Protocol For A Multisite, Observational Clinical Study Of The Association Between Skin Colour And Pulse Oximeter Accuracy In Children Undergoing Cardiac Catheterisation (Pach Study), Halley Ruppel, Liming Huang, Christopher J Petit, Athar M Qureshi, Christopher P Bonafide, Elizabeth E Foglia, Jeffery Feldman, Meghan B Lane-Fall, Jennifer M Lynch, Anna Chien, Michelle Dunn, Michael L O'Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Prospective, real-world clinical studies of the association between skin color and pulse oximeter (SpO2) accuracy in children are needed to address the limitations of previous research. Such studies are essential for generating evidence for clinicians, regulators and industry. This is the protocol for a multisite study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL171313; 1 January 2024-31 December 2028).

Methods and analysis: In this pragmatic, observational study conducted in three large paediatric cardiac catheterisation centres in the USA, children undergoing cardiac catheterisation with directly measured arterial oxygen saturation will be prospectively enrolled. The outcome variable (SpO2 bias) …

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is A Driver Of Altered Oxidative Stress Response And Immunity In Head And Neck Cancer, Yang Li, Pedram Yadollahi, Fonma N Essien, Vasanta Putluri, Chandra Shekar R Ambati, Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy, Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, Nagireddy Putluri, Lama M Abdurrahman, Maria E Ruiz Echartea, Keenan J Ernste, Akshar J Trivedi, Jonathan Vazquez-Perez, William H Hudson, William K Decker, Rutulkumar Patel, Abdullah A Osman, Farrah Kheradmand, Stephen Y Lai, Jeffrey N Myers, Heath D Skinner, Cristian Coarfa, Kwangwon Lee, Antrix Jain, Anna Malovannaya, Mitchell J Frederick, Vlad C Sandulache

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Exposomes are critical drivers of carcinogenesis. However, how they modulate tumor behavior remains unclear. Extensive clinical data show cigarette smoke to be a key exposome that promotes aggressive tumors, higher rates of metastasis, reduced response to chemoradiotherapy, and suppressed anti-tumor immunity. We sought to determine whether smoke itself can modulate aggressive tumor behavior in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through reprogramming of the cellular reductive state.

Methods: Using established human and murine HNSCC cell lines and syngeneic mouse models, we utilized conventional western blotting, steady state and flux metabolomics, RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics and flow cytometry to …

Comparing Analgesic Regimen Effectiveness And Safety After Surgery (Cares): Protocol For A Pragmatic, International Multicentre Randomised Trial, Mark C Bicket, Karim Shiraz Ladha, Simon Haroutounian, Kellie Mcfarlin, Mary Neff, Rachel L Mcduffie, Jennifer F Waljee, Duminda Nalaka Wijeysundera, Chad Brummet, Yi Li, Cares Investigators

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Acute pain is commonly experienced by millions of patients who undergo outpatient surgical procedures. Moreover, an increasing number of procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, requiring greater postoperative planning to ensure effective pain management. Analgesic approaches commonly involve prescription opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but an optimal regimen that balances pain and adverse effects has not been identified. In addition, critical gaps in evidence exist regarding how opioids and NSAIDs compare as analgesic regimens after surgery.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Comparing Analgesic Regimen Effectiveness and Safety after Surgery (CARES) trial is a pragmatic, international, multicentre randomised trial …

24 Hours Of Postoperative Oral Antibiotics For Same-Day Discharge After Hip And Knee Arthroplasty Has Low Rate Of Prosthetic Joint Infection, Phillip Mckegg, Colton L. Clymer, Hamza Raja, Alexander Driessche, Gabriel Boudagh, W. Trevor North Md, Michael A. Charters Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Title: 24 Hours of Postoperative Oral Antibiotics for Same-Day Discharge After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Has Low Rate of Prosthetic Joint Infection

Authors: Phillip C. McKegg, MS, Colton Clymer, BS, Hamza Raja, BS, Alexander Driessche, MSE, Gabriel Boudagh, BS, W. Trevor North, MD, Michael A. Charters, MD

Introduction:

There is no clear consensus on postoperative antibiotic protocols for same-day discharge hip and knee arthroplasties. This study evaluates prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates in patients discharged with 24 hours of oral antibiotics after surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on 1,843 patients who underwent primary hip or knee …

Determining Immune Activation In A Drosophila Model Of Als, Abrielle Fretz, Ryan Insolera

Medical Student Research Symposium

Determining Immune Activation in a Drosophila Model of ALS

Abrielle Fretz and Ryan Insolera

Background:

ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to muscle weakness and death. While most cases of ALS are sporadic, around 10% of cases are inherited. Of these inherited cases, one gene found to be involved is optineurin (OPTN). Mutated OPTN induces a cycle of cellular stress and death through NF-kB, a gene regulating immune activation and cell death. This dysregulation is thought to be a contributing factor to the disease processes of ALS.

In Drosophila, mutation of OPTN’s homologous gene, Kenny, was found to …

Improving Quality Of Exercise Stress Echocardiogram Acquisition And Interpretation: Single Center Experience, Michael Nunu Mr., Preeti Ramappa Dr.

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Exercise is the preferred modality of stress testing to evaluate ischemic heart disease. The sensitivity of an exercise stress echocardiogram (ESE) relies on achieving 85% of maximum predicted heart rate (MPHR) for age and on timely acquisition of images at peak stress. Guidelines recommend image acquisition within 1 minute of recovery. Our study aimed to assess the quality of ESE in our facility, both in timely image acquisition and standardized reporting.

Methods: Patients who had ESE at the John D. Dingell VA between 2023 and 2024 were reviewed. Patients who attained required workload (85% MPHR for age) were selected …

Evaluating The Preclinical Curriculum For Women’S Health Content And Clinical Preparedness At Wayne State University School Of Medicine, Krishni Kumaresan, Annelise Gordon, Laura Benjamins

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction:

We evaluated the preclinical curriculum at WSU SOM to determine if there is sufficient coverage of women's health topics and its impact on students’ clinical preparedness. We hypothesized that students perceive inadequate coverage across multiple women’s health disciplines, leading to low clinical preparedness. Knowledge from this study can guide recommended changes to the curriculum.

Methods:

A Qualtrics survey was distributed to the classes of 2024, 2025, and 2026, collecting feedback on women’s health topic coverage, and self-rated comfort with addressing these topics clinically.

Results:

Students reported that HDF provided the most comprehensive coverage, except for preventive health, which was …

Race Has No Impact On Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality, When Comparing Patients With Similar Risk Of Other-Cause Mortality: An Analysis Of A Population-Based Cohort, Shane A. Tinsley, Marco Finati, Alex Stephens, Giuseppe Chiarelli, Giuseppe O. Cirulli, Eric M. Williams, Chase Morrison, Caleb Richard, Keinnan Hares, Akshay Sood, Nicolos Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Carlo Bettocchi, Andrea Salonia, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Giuseppe Carrieri, Craig G. Rogers, Firas Abdollah

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Other-cause mortality (OCM) can serve as a surrogate for access-to-care. The authors sought to compare prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in Black versus White men matched based on their calculated OCM risk.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for Black and White men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 to 2009, to collect long-term follow-up. A Cox regression was used to calculate the OCM risk using all available covariates. This calculated OCM risk was used to construct a 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) cohort. Then, a competing-risks multivariable tested the impact of race on PCSM. …

The Role Of Biological Sex In The Treatment Of Acute Cholecystitis, Desiree Duncan, Camden Gardner, Polina Chuikov, Matthew George, Sadaf Hashemian, Jeffrey Johnson, Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

Some patients with symptomatic gallstones present with more severe disease, have more difficult anatomy and require more complex operations. While cholecystitis has a female preponderance, some observe a trend towards more challenging disease in male patients. The confluence of gender and patient acuity has not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesize that males present with worse disease compared to females.

Methods

The analysis cohort of adults who underwent cholecystectomies was filtered from a five-hospital health system administration registry containing inpatients admitted from Fall 2015 to Fall 2021. The dataset contained demographics, health characteristics, and variables reflecting disease severity and acuity. …

Relationship Between Change In Body Mass Index And Testosterone Levels In Male Patients Using Glp-1 Receptor Agonists For Weight Loss, Sesilia Kammo Bs, Patrick Etta Md, Arjun Dinesh Bs, Keshav Lalchandani Bs, Matthew Chabot Md, Logan Hubbard Md, Marcus Jamil Md, Ali Dabaja Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Originally developed for type 2 diabetes management, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have gained popularity for their weight loss effects. Excess fat stores are understood to enhance aromatization in peripheral tissues, converting testosterone to estrogen, and ultimately lowering testosterone levels. This study aimed to identify the relationship between changes in body mass index (BMI) and testosterone levels in male patients using GLP-1 RA's for weight loss.

Methods: A retrospective review of male patients using GLP-1 RA's was carried out from a single multicenter institutional database. Patients were grouped by age, change in BMI, and initial …

Evaluating Food Insecurity In The Setting Of An Interprofessional Student-Run Free Clinic, Yasmeen Berry, Tariq Kermalli, Rehab Bondok, Avan Chu, Polina Chuikov, Mina Juma, Judson Knott, Kit Tran, Jeremy Delor Pharmd, Bcps, Min Jian Huang Jd, Kristi Price Msw, Martha Schiller Pt, Dpt, Msa, Aline Saad Pharmd

Medical Student Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Patient Perception Of Chronic Disease Management And Preference For Resources At A Student-Run Free Clinic In Metro Detroit, Molly Dahle, Kendall Brothers, Sesilia Kammo, Joel Appel Do

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction

Malta Medical Clinic is a student-run free clinic that provides health care to uninsured and underinsured patients in Metro Detroit. Many Malta patients have chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, arthritis, and chronic kidney disease. Most patients rely on the clinic for medical management, free prescriptions, and other resources to better control their chronic disease. The objective of this investigation was to identify patient understanding of chronic diseases to inform provider decisions on offering patient resources and education at Malta Medical Clinic.

Methods

Over two months, patients with a chronic disease who came to …

Assessing Eye Care Needs And Service Accessibility In A Student-Run Free Clinic In An Underserved Urban Population, Hamza Khan, Arifbillah Sarowar, Olivia Jeakle, Sophia Griemert, Olivia Decker, Demetrius Moncrease, Timothy Page, Dominic Sacca, Anju Goyal

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Student-run free clinics offer valuable firsthand experience in providing care to uninsured and underserved communities. As efforts to enhance eye care expand over time, it is crucial to evaluate the accessibility and effectiveness of these services within the community. This study examines the demographics and needs of patients seeking eye care, as well as the availability of initial screenings at our clinic.

Methods: A retrospective review of patient charts was conducted for individuals who attended the Sight Saver’s free healthcare clinic to receive an eye exam. Data collected includes patient demographics, comorbidities, family history of eye-related diseases, visual acuity …

The Intersectionality Of Cultural And Religious Barriers To Mammography In The Arab American Population, Kaitlyn Zablock, Alexis Kralovich, Rina Badran, Sarah Qureshi, Miranda Goodson, Andrew Markowitz Dr.

Medical Student Research Symposium

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the U.S. (American Cancer Society, 2023). Mammograms are crucial for early detection and have reduced breast cancer mortality rates by 40% from 1987 to 2017. However, Arab American women have lower mammography utilization rates despite being at higher risk for breast cancer (Alkhafi et al., 2023). This trend increases their likelihood of late-stage diagnoses, with higher rates of non-localized breast cancer among Middle Eastern immigrants compared to non-Hispanic whites (Ziadeh et al., 2018). As breast cancer staging at diagnosis is a key …

Review Of Emergency Department Utilization Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kendall Brothers, Steven Korzeniewski Phd, Phillip Levy Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

Emergency departments (EDs) are the entrance into hospitals for patients with high and low acuity complaints. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, trends have changed regarding ED utilization.

Objective

This literature review aims to understand how ED utilization has changed following the COVID-19 pandemic. Reviewing present literature can identify what is currently known about the pandemic’s effect on patient usage of EDs.

Methods

To identify relevant literature, PubMed was searched for studies published between 2018 and 2024. Search terms used to identify articles include “emergency department visit decline,” “emergency department utilization,” “urgent care,” “covid,” “coronavirus,” and “pandemic.” In …