Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Use Of Standard Visual Education Tools To Improve Npo Compliance In Pediatric Day Surgery, Alma Rivera

EBP Fellowship

Practice Problem Non-compliance with perioperative fasting (NPO) instructions is an ongoing safety and operational challenge in pediatric day surgery. Day-of-surgery cancellations result in financial losses, with unproductive OR time costing $1,430-$2,025 per hour. NPO violations cause 4.5% - 13.6% of lost OR time in children's hospitals and are the third leading cause of elective surgery cancellations. At our pediatric hospital, NPO violations contribute to same-day surgical delays and cancellations, particularly in the high-volume Otolaryngology (ENT) service line. This Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project sought to answer whether, among caregivers of pediatric patients scheduled for ENT Day surgery (P), implementing a health …

From Zoom To The Room: A Practical Model For Holographic Instructor Presence In Multi-Campus Dpt Education, Stacie Mae Larreau Christensen, Brad Dexter

Posters and Presentations: Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Taking Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Further: Reviewing Recent Developments And Innovations In Ipa Research, Jonathan A. Smith

The Qualitative Report

This paper reviews recent developments in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research methodology: longitudinal; multi-modal; mixed methods. For each of these developments the paper describes how the innovation is being implemented and the distinctive contribution arising from making these advancements in IPA design. I also provide two detailed examples of studies using each of the advanced methodologies along with suggestions for further reading. The paper also includes briefer discussion of recent changes in some of the terminology employed in IPA analysis and recent guidance on writing and evaluating high quality IPA.

Analysis Of Surgical Irrigants In High-Pressure Paint Injection Injuries As Determined By Fluorescent Particle Imagery, Elise Ehrlich

Summer Research Program Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Pulse (Ox) Check! Smarter Monitoring, Stronger Outcomes, Christina Reyna

EBP Fellowship

Practice Problem: Infants and children are a vulnerable patient population at an inherently higher risk of detrimental effects of hypoxia or hypoxemia. Literature shows that early detection of hypoxemia can facilitate timely interventions which in turn can reduce morbidity and mortality. On an inpatient pediatric pulmonary unit, there have been multiple instances of staff concern for inaccurate pulse oximetry readings, leading to evaluation of potential technological interventions to improve early detection of hypoxia. In one year, there were 3 code/MET events, in which uncertainty of device accuracy delayed response time and interventions. To address this problem, an evidence-based practice project …

Testing Personalization In Llm-Based Mental Health Support: A Proposed Experimental Design For College Students, Tchalim P. Agninoube, Greg Williams

Annual DBA Scholars Conference

Rising student mental health demand has outpaced campus counseling capacity. This paper proposes a 2x2 between-subjects experimental design to test whether a personalized LLM-based chatbot, grounded in just-in-time adaptive intervention principles and cognitive load theory, provides better short-term anxiety reduction than a standard chatbot across stress and neutral contexts. The personalized chatbot uses wearable stress data, sleep quality, self-reported overwhelm, and support preferences to select between low-load and elaborative support paths. The design contributes a practical framework for evaluating personalization in AI-driven mental health tools and informs scalable, responsible institutional deployment.

Bridging Awareness And Action: A Multilevel Model Of Organizational Learning, Safety Climate, And Sickle Cell Trait Safety Compliance, Kimberly Snowden

Annual DBA Scholars Conference

Despite the existence of NCAA and National Athletic Trainers’ Association guidelines, preventable sickle cell trait (SCT)-related adverse events continue to occur in athletic settings. This study examines how organizational learning capacity, safety climate, leadership commitment, and individual risk perception influence compliance with SCT safety protocols and related safety outcomes. Drawing on Organizational Learning Theory, Safety Climate Theory, and the Health Belief Model, the study proposes a multilevel framework tested through an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Findings are expected to identify organizational predictors of compliance and provide practical recommendations to strengthen SCT safety implementation and reduce preventable athlete harm.

Trust But Verify: Testing A Framework For Ai Interrogation In Nursing Education, Michael Chamberlain

AI in the Classroom: A Virtual Summit

Generative AI produces fluent, confident output that is sometimes fabricated. Nursing students increasingly submit work built on sources that do not exist, or that exist and do not support the claims drawn from them. This session reports two semesters of classroom observation testing whether prompt design can address that problem.   The hypothesis was that structuring student prompts to require the AI to validate its own sources would improve detection of hallucinated citations. It did not. Across two sections, students who used the structured format caught fabricated citations at the same rate as students given an open prompt. Structure did change …

Comment On “Advancing Lipid Management: Saudi Heart Association Position Statement On Pcsk9-Targeted Therapies In The Primary And Secondary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease”, Ali Faris Altebainawi

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

No abstract provided.

Determining Optimal Surveillance Practices For Pediatric And Young Adult Germ Cell Tumors, Alexandra M. Dunker

Summer Research Program Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Moving To Adult Care: The Impact Of Transition Readiness Assessments In The Hct Of Yas With Epilepsy, Tanika A. Middleton, Shley Mccool

EBP Fellowship

Practice Problem: Health Care Transition (HCT), the process of planning, preparing, transferring from pediatric healthcare and integrating into adult healthcare, is increasingly necessary as more adolescents with complex and chronic health conditions reach adulthood. Assessing transition readiness is identified as a key component of HCT. At a large, academic pediatric healthcare system, there was an opportunity to more consistently incorporate readiness assessments in HCT services of specialty clinics and determine the impact of readiness assessments on HCT outcomes. To address this, an evidence-based practice project was implemented using the following PICOT question: In patients ages 18-22 seen in the outpatient …

You Can’T Spell Remediation Without Ai: Generative Ai Across The Resident Remediation Cycle, Timothy Kuchera, Md, Peter Yen, Md

Department of Medicine Posters

BACKGROUND 

• Remediation is high-stakes, longitudinal, and documentationintensive.¹ 
• Faculty synthesize fragmented qualitative and performance data into individualized plans and high-stakes decisions.¹,⁴ 
• GenAI is increasingly studied in GME assessment and feedback; longitudinal remediation remains underexplored.²,⁵

OBJECTIVE
Map current and emerging GenAI applications across the remediation cycle, including opportunities, limitations, and priorities for responsible implementation.

Ribosomal Biogenesis In Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Less-Attended Process With Profound Implications For Oncogenesis And Therapeutic Vulnerability, Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi, Nadiah Abu, Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib, Farah Azima Abdul Muttlib, Hafiza Alauddin

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Drooling In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Observational Study Of Clinical Characteristics, Severity, And Treatment, Kamel Awadh Alenazi, Lama Dakhakhni, Nancy Hassan, Wejdan Almuhraj

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To report the characteristics, severity, and treatment of drooling in cerebral palsy (CP) children.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included CP children with active complaints of drooling from the Drooling Clinic, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Drooling severity was assessed via the Modified Drooling Questionnaire (MDQ). The functional motor and manual ability levels were classified via the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS).
Results: In total, 122 patients were identified. Mean age was 6.28 ± 2.71 years, and 67/122 (54.9%) were boys. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was noted in 23/122 (18.9%). …

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Demographics, Recurrence Predictors, And Surgical Outcomes — A 10-Year Retrospective Review At A Tertiary Center In Saudi Arabia, Ali J. Asiry, Majed A. Alali, Nasir A. Magboul, Salem A. Alrasheed, Ibraheem M. Alkanhal, Mohammed A. Alabduljabbar, Raid H. Almadi, Abdullah S. Aldughaither, Faisal S. Alfawaz, Ali Majrashi, Saud Alromaih, Ghassan Alokby, Tamadar Al Doheyan

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To characterize the demographic, clinical, and radiological profile of patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) managed at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia, to determine recurrence rates in primary versus revision cases, and to identify factors associated with recurrence.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included 59 adult patients with histopathologically confirmed sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP). Demographic, clinical, radiological, and surgical data were extracted from medical records. Tumors were staged using the Krouse system. Patients were stratified into primary or revision cases, and associations with recurrence were evaluated.
Results: Most patients were men (72.9%) and older than 45 (79.7%) years …

Incidence Rate And Factors Predicting The Recurrent Cerebral Ischemic Events After The First-Ever Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Exploratory Study From The Eastern Region Of Saudi Arabia, Azra Zafar, Mustafa Al-Qarni

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: First-ever ischemic stroke (FIS) patients carry a higher risk of recurrent ischemic strokes (RIS). This study reports the incidence rate and describes the factors predicting recurrences in FIS patients.
Methods: This retrospective study, enrolling patients with FIS, was carried out at the King Fahd Hospital. Association between different variables and RIS was determined by estimating the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and odds ratio (OR).
Results: The majority of patients were Saudi (74.1%) and male (72.9%). Over a 5-year follow-up study, the incidence rate was 26.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.2-30.1) for all recurrences and 22.7% (95% CI …

Beyond Chronological Age: Performance Status And Clinical Frailty Predict Survival In Saudi Geriatric Lymphoma Patients: A Competing Risk Analysis, Musa Fares Alzahrani, Ghazi S. Alotaibi, Sarah S. Sewaralthahab, Fatima A. Alshalati, Ibrahim N. Alrumaih, Badraa A. Muharib, Kazi Nur Asfina, Saleh Ahmed Alkholaif, Shaden A. Albassam, Saleh Abdullah Aljanah, Shahad A. Al Hemidin, Ahmed Y. Jamal, Fadi S. Alakeel, Walid A. Alkeridy, Farjah H. Algahtani, Aamer Aleem

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic impact of performance status, frailty, and treatment intensity on survival outcomes in a geriatric lymphoma cohort using a competing risk framework. In Saudi Arabia, despite a growing aging population, there is a lack of literature detailing frailty or survival dynamics for geriatric lymphoma patients.
Methods: We conducted retrospective cohort study in Tertiary center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Geriatric patients (≥ 60 years) diagnosed with lymphoma during 2011–2024 were analyzed. Baseline demographics, laboratory parameters, pathology, and frailty status were extracted. Survival dynamics were modeled using cumulative incidence functions to isolate lymphoma-related mortality (LRM) from age-related competing …

Growth, Methodological Evolution, And Clinical Maturity Of Artificial Intelligence Research In Major Medical Journals, 2018–2025: A Longitudinal Bibliometric Study, Abdulraoof Alsaeedi, Norah Alqarni, Ibrahim Rozi, Mohamed Ibrahim

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To quantify changes in the volume, methods, and clinical maturity of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) research in major medical journals from 2018 through 2025.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal bibliometric study of PubMed-indexed records from 99 leading clinical and general medical journals. The search was conducted on July 2026. Records were deduplicated and classified as empirical AI/ML research, evidence synthesis, AI discourse, or unclassified. Empirical studies were categorized by model family and clinical maturity. Journal-year Poisson generalized estimating equations used total substantive publications as an offset and clustered observations by journal.
Results: Among 6,891 unique publications, …

Barriers To And Needs For The Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence In Radiation Therapy Planning In Saudi Arabia. A Cross-Sectional Survey, Abdulaziz Alshaikh, Ghadah Alqarni, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Khalid Alrabiah, Nasser Al-Rajhi, Mohammed Aldehaim

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess radiation oncology physicians' perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiation therapy planning in Saudi Arabia and identify barriers to and support needs for its implementation.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed through the Saudi Association of Radiation Oncology email list to 142 physicians from April to May 2026. We analyzed responses using descriptive statistics and exploratory 2-sided Fisher exact tests comparing residents with nonresidents.
Results: Forty-three complete responses were analyzed (response rate: 30.3%). A total of 33 (76.7%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed that AI would improve planning accuracy and efficiency. Nineteen (44.2%) reported no workplace …

Artificial Intelligence Readiness Among Paramedics At The Saudi Red Crescent Authority: A Cross-Sectional Study, Mohammed Jamaan Alsahli

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To evaluate AI readiness among paramedics working within the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) and examine demographic and professional characteristics related to their readiness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among SRCA paramedics. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire covering demographic and professional features and the validated Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students (MAIRS-MS), which assesses four dimensions: Cognition, Ability, Vision, and Ethics. Comparisons between groups were performed with the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation, and a multiple linear regression model examined factors independently related to AI …

Artificial Intelligence In Gastrointestinal Precision Medicine: A Critical Appraisal Through The Lens Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Abdulrahman G. Alharbi, Abdulrahman A. Aljabri

Saudi Medical Journal

Artificial intelligence (AI) now supports many facets of gastrointestinal and hepatic care, from lesion recognition during endoscopy to the interpretation of large molecular datasets. This review first outlines AI's broader role across gastroenterology and hepatology, and then uses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a case study for AI-assisted multiomics integration. The review applies a consistent evidentiary framework that distinguishes exploratory, retrospective, and prospective study designs. Retrospective genomic and image-based studies report promising discriminative performance for risk classification and lesion detection, but this evidence remains largely exploratory or retrospective, whereas prospective randomized evidence is currently strongest for AI-assisted endoscopic polyp detection. …

Efficacy And Safety Of Botulinum Toxin For The Treatment Of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rahaf A. Alothman, Hussein M. Alshamrani, Mishari T. Alrubaiaan, Ruba M. Alghanmi, Reshale A. Johar, Lina K. Almutairi, Mohammed H. Abduljabbar, Ahmed M. Baabdullah, Sultan S. Alfaer

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To evaluate the current literature on Botulinum toxin (BoNT) use in psoriasis treatment, focusing on efficacy and safety. Botulinum toxin, known for its neuroprotective effects, is a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory skin diseases.
Methods: We searched electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from inception until March 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in English that enrolled patients with psoriasis treated with BoNT injections over their lesions, reported outcomes related to the clinical question, and included raw numbers of outcomes.
Results: Of the 342 retrieved articles, 166 duplicates were removed. Screening of …

Association Of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Mutation With The Prognosis Of Colorectal Cancer In Arab Countries And Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Hassan Abdullah Albargy

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To quantify the potential impact of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutation on survival outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Arab countries, particularly in Saudi Arabia. As a chief cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, CRC shows a rising incidence across Arab countries. Among molecular drivers, KRAS mutation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation, resistance to therapies, and disease progression. Nonetheless, the prognostic influence of KRAS mutation in Arab populations remains inconclusive.
Methods: Key databases were searched to find appropriate publications. Eligible studies evaluated KRAS mutation’s association with overall survival (OS) in CRC patients from Arab nations. Hazard ratios …

Evaluating The Diagnostic Performance And Clinical Interpretability Of Explainable Ai (Xai) In Digital Histopathology: A Meta-Analysis Of Diagnostic Performance, Bandar S. Alshreef, Yousif A. Kariri

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To explore peer-reviewed research on the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for histopathology-driven cancer risk evaluation, and to address the limitations delaying its transition into routine clinical pathology practice (such as model reliability, clinical interpretability, and governance oversight).
Methods: We conducted a systematic review with quantitative meta-analysis of studies evaluating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in histopathology. Searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar through November 2025. Eligible studies were assessed for diagnostic performance, explainability approaches, and methodological quality. Of the 47 included studies, 9 provided sufficient quantitative data for meta-analysis. Post-hoc visual …

Machine Learning And Large Language Model Decision Support For Medication-Error Prevention Across The Medication-Use Process: A Systematic Review With Implications For Saudi Arabia, Emad A. Alsaleh, Maram J. Alnemer, Yousef H. A. Alhassan, Asaad A. A. Khalil, Mohammed A. Kaddoura, Azfar Athar Ishaqui, Muhammad B. Maqsood, Adnan Iqbal

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: Medication errors are a major source of preventable harm. We systematically reviewed workflow integrated artificial intelligence (AI) decision support (machine learning [ML], natural language processing, computer vision, and large language models [LLMs]) aimed at detecting, intercepting, or preventing medication errors, and considered implications for Saudi Arabia.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, and the Cochrane Library for English language studies published from January 2010 to February 2026. Eligible studies used real clinical/pharmacy data and evaluated an AI component designed to prevent or detect medication errors across prescribing/order verification, dispensing, …

Cultivating The Growing Self, Kelly Allen

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Khanna Blithe O. Cortes-Amores, MAOT, OTRP, clinician, assistant professor at Cebu Doctors’ University, and co-founder of The Growing Self, a mental health occupational therapy clinic in Cebu, Philippines, provided the cover art for the fall issue of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). The watercolor painting, titled Peace (2017), features a dreamlike image of a serene female figure with hair that merges into the limbs and branches of a tree. A leafy green vine winds upward around her torso, becomes transparent as it partly overlays her face, and defines the crown of her head. Colorful abstract petal and earthen …

The Importance Of The New Caregiver Codes In Occupational Therapy, Jayna Niblock, Elizabeth G. Hunter, Carli Dimeo, Jackson Miller, Manali George, Allison M. Martin, Samantha M. Barefoot

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists play a critical role in supporting caregivers, a role that continues to grow with the rising number of unpaid family caregivers. Evidence shows that occupational therapists-led caregiver interventions, ranging from skills training to problem-solving and environmental modifications, significantly improve both caregiver and client outcomes. In 2024 and 2025, new Caregiver Training Services (CTS) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were introduced, enabling occupational therapists to bill and allowing for reimbursement of caregiver education directly tied to client goals. While these codes offer a transformative opportunity to formalize and fund caregiver support, their adoption has been limited because of …

An Occupational Revolution: Reclaiming What Matters, Carol Lambdin-Pattavina, Wendy B. Stav, Nicole Quint, Sandee M. Dunbar

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Intentional use of the word occupation to describe why, what, and how we do as occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants is central to maintaining our professional identity and to centering occupation in everyday practice. Throughout occupational therapy's history, using occupation, as opposed to words such as task or activity, has fallen both in and out of favor in practice and education in the United States. Some argue that task and activity, while not reflective of the nuances of the word occupation, including meaning and purpose, are more accessible to external audiences than occupation, which is often confused with …

Policy Solutions For Traumatic Brain Injury: Advancing New York State's First Tbi Special Needs Assisted Living Program, Dianne Schwarz, Natalie F. Douglas

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) presents long-term challenges that are poorly addressed by traditional assisted living and nursing home models. In New York State, individuals with moderate to severe TBI are often placed in settings unequipped to provide cognitive, behavioral, and neurorehabilitative care. This policy and advocacy paper proposes the establishment of a Special Needs Assisted Living Program (SNALP) specifically for individuals with TBI. Drawing from clinical expertise, stakeholder engagement, and a discontinued but promising pilot program, this manuscript outlines the systemic barriers to TBI-specific care, including regulatory gaps, lack of Medicaid reimbursement, and limited public awareness. The proposed model integrates …

Occupational Therapy Student Perceptions Of Sexuality And Intimacy Education: A Cross-Sectional Study, Jennifer H. Barnett, Amanda K. Giles

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Sexuality and intimacy are meaningful activities within the scope of occupational therapy (OT), encompassing valued roles and occupations that contribute significantly to a person’s health, well-being, and identity. Despite acknowledgement of their importance, many occupational therapists overlook these areas during routine assessment and intervention because of feelings of insufficient knowledge, comfort, and confidence. This study used a cross-sectional design to electronically survey 149 occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) students across their first, second, or third year of education to determine their perceptions of sexuality and intimacy education. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed via codebook …