Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Association Between Certificate-Of-Need Laws And The Health Outcomes Of Home Health Patients, Peter A. Atemnkeng

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Certificate of Need (CON) law on home health limits start-ups and expansions by providers. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia maintained CON restrictions in 2015. The regulation was intended to control health care cost and expenditure, and to promote quality public health outcomes, as postulated in the public interest theory. The purpose of the study was to assess the association between the CON laws by the states and the health outcomes of the Medicare patients that used home health services in 2015. The provider ratings data from Home Health Compare were analyzed using multiple linear regression models and …

Staff Education On Depression Screening In An Outpatient Psychiatric Setting, Naiga Dohnji

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression is among the common mental illnesses in the United States affecting 1 in 10 Americans. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended screening for depression irrespective of the risk factors. Yet, providers struggle to implement depression screening. Inadequate use of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) screening tool to identify and manage depression can lead to poor patient outcomes. PHQ-9 is valid and reliable tool used to diagnose depression and monitor treatment response. The purpose of this project was to develop, deliver, and evaluate an educational program for providers on the use of the PHQ-9 screening tool for the identification of …

Medication Nonadherence Among African American Male Psychiatric Patients: Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives, Felix O. Agoye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American men show less adherence toward maintenance pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders than Caucasian men. However, studies that specifically investigated the sociodemographic determinants of medication nonadherence in African American psychiatric patients based on healthcare providers’ perspectives are limited. Therefore, this study explored the viewpoints of healthcare workers in a Chicago-area hospital network about medication nonadherence among psychiatric African American male patients. This qualitative case-study is guided by the health-communication model and theory of planned behavior. Interview sessions were conducted with providers who met the inclusion criteria and NVivo 11 was used to store and organize the data in order to …

Alternative Therapy For Veterans Diagnosed With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Shannon Rae Hill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An increasing number of veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has led to an increased demand for treatment within the Veteran Affairs health care system. Presently, veterans diagnosed with PTSD receive psychotropic medications and intermittent therapy sessions. Nurses are challenged to educate veterans about other health care issues based on verbalized side effects from prescribed PTSD medications limiting veterans’ ability to focus. Identifying alternative treatment options may improve treatment choices, reduce side effects, and promote positive outcomes for veterans with PTSD. This systematic review provided evidence-based practice information by addressing whether alternative therapy such as biofeedback would improve the …

Assessing Pain-Related Factors As Predictors Of Distress During Transitional Musculoskeletal Pain Experience, Gary Robert Ahlstrom

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During people’s pain experience, certain difficulties may emerge within individuals’ psychological and social domains that can confound and exacerbate the frequency of their pain-related distress episodes. Previous research has consistently found psychosocial factors evident during the first months of unresolved pain are reliable predictors of pain chronicity and disability at 12 months. This exploratory descriptive quantitative multivariate study included 2 nationwide online surveys that examined the frequency of moderate-to-severe symptoms of distress within the anxiety-depression spectrum, and the extent that 8 pain-related factors influenced and predicted episodes of anxiety and depressed mood, which included 2 demographic risk factors (age range …

An Educational Activity For Primary Care Providers Treating Older Veterans With Sexually Transmitted Infections, Beatrice Fannie Grant

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractComprehensive sex education is an effective method of promoting sexual health. Because primary care providers conduct the initial health need assessment of veterans, it is important that providers understand how to approach the subject of sexual health and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to implement and evaluate an educational activity for primary care providers. The health belief model was used as theoretical framework. This project was introduced to a federal primary care clinic in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Twenty-five participants completed a pretest prior to the start of the educational activity that …

Increasing Compliance With Sequential Compression Devices To Reduce Venous Thromboembolism, Randy Mcclain

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication. Approximately 900,000 people in the United States are affected by VTE with a mortality of 300,000 cases per year. Although potentially preventable, VTE remains the leading cause of hospital deaths in the U.S. The practice problem addressed in the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was evidence of an increased incident of VTE events on a trauma surgical unit. The practice-focused question evaluated the extent to which a nurse-driven protocol for VTE prophylaxis could improve adherence to mechanical prophylaxis with sequential compression devices and compliance with nursing documentation. The purpose for the doctoral …

Relationship Between Parent Asthma Knowledge, Parental Control Of Child's Asthma, And Parent Qol, Glori Sommerer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The long-term responsibility of caring for a child with asthma can result in parents

experiencing a lower quality of life (QoL), especially if the child's asthma is not well

controlled. Asthma knowledge can enhance asthma control practices among parents.

However, research has not explored these variables together to determine whether

parental control of child's asthma mediates the relationship between parent asthma

knowledge and parent QoL. This quantitative research study explored whether parental

control of child's asthma mediated the relationship between parent asthma knowledge

and parent QoL. The theoretical foundation was asthma self-regulation theory, focused

on the importance of asthma knowledge …

Verbal Abuse Toward Early Career Nurses And The Effect To Workforce Operations, Steven G. Purdon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractSeveral studies report that healthcare workers face verbal abuse from patients, patients’ family members, and other healthcare personnel at increasingly higher rates, and trends depict early-career registered nurses (ECRNs) are affected disproportionally. This negative trend can affect the future registered nurse (RN) workforce and create a potential shortfall of qualified nurses. It has become increasingly important for hospital administrators to mitigate verbal abuse among ECRNs to manage their future RN workforce. This purpose of this quantitative study was to empirically evaluate the effects of verbal abuse towards ECRNs. This study used the social exchange theory to provide a framework that …

Mixed Ancestry From Wild And Domestic Lineages Contributes To The Rapid Expansion Of Invasive Feral Swine, Timothy J. Smyser, Michael A. Tabak, Chris Slootmaker, Michael S. Robeson Ii, Ryan S. Miller, Mirte Bosse, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Martien A.M. Groenen, Samuel Rezende Paiva, Danielle Assis De Faria, Harvey D. Blackburn, Brandon S. Schmit, Antoinette J. Piaggio

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Invasive alien species are a significant threat to both economic and ecological systems. Identifying the processes that give rise to invasive populations is essential for implementing effective control strategies. We conducted an ancestry analysis of invasive feral swine (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758), a highly destructive ungulate that is widely distributed throughout the contiguous United States, to describe introduction pathways, sources of newly emergent populations and processes contributing to an ongoing invasion. Comparisons of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes for 6,566 invasive feral swine to a comprehensive reference set of S. scrofa revealed that the vast majority of feral swine were …

The Role Of European Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) In The Dissemination Of Multidrug- Resistant Escherichia Coli Among Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Jeffrey C. Chandler, Jennifer E. Anders, Nicolas A. Blouin, James C. Carlson, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Lawrence D. Goodridge, Baolin Wang, Leslie A. Day, Anna M. Mangan, Dustin A. Reid, Shannon M. Coleman, Matthew W. Hopken, Bledar Bisha

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a driver for the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Wildlife interactions with livestock, acquiring associated AMR bacteria and genes, and wildlife’s subsequent dispersal across the landscape are hypothesized to play an important role in the ecology of AMR. Here, we examined priority AMR phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of european starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) found on concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). European starlings may be present in high numbers on cAfos (>100,000 birds), interact with urban environments, and can migrate distances exceeding 1,500 km in North …

Reporting The Limits Of Detection And Quantification For Environmental Dna Assays, Katy E. Klymus, Christopher M. Merkes, Michael J. Allison, Caren S. Goldberg, Caren C. Helbing, Margaret E. Hunter, Craig A. Jackson, Richard F. Lance, Anna M. Mangan, Emy M. Monroe, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Joel P. Stokdyk, Chris C. Wilson, Catherine A. Richter

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background: Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is increasingly being used to detect the presence and relative abundance of rare species, especially invasive or imperiled aquatic species. The rapid progress in the eDNA field has resulted in numerous studies impacting conservation and management actions. However, standardization of eDNA methods and reporting across the field is yet to be fully established, with one area being the calculation and interpretation of assay limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ).

Aims: Here, we propose establishing consistent methods for determining and reporting of LOD and LOQ for single‐species quantitative PCR (qPCR) eDNA studies.

Materials …

Safety, Immunogenicity, And Efficacy Of Intramuscular And Oral Delivery Of Era-G333 Recombinant Rabies Virus Vaccine To Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus), Amy T. Gilbert, Xianfu Wu, Felix R. Jackson, Richard Franka, Gary F. Mccracken, Charles E. Rupprecht

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Attenuated strains of rabies virus (RABV) have been used for oral vaccination of wild carnivores in Europe and North America. However, some RABV vaccines caused clinical rabies in target animals. To improve the safety of attenuated RABV as an oral vaccine for field use, strategies using selection of escape mutants under monoclonal antibody neutralization pressure and reverse genetics–defined mutations have been used. We tested the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of one RABV construct, ERA-g333, developed with reverse genetics by intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) routes in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Twenty-five bats received 5×10⁶ mouse intracerebral …

Psychological Drivers Of Risk-Reducing Behaviors To Limit Human–Wildlife Conflict, Stacy A. Lischka, Tara L. Teel, Heather E. Johnson, Courtney Larson, Stewart Breck, Kevin R. Crooks

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Conflicts between people and wild animals are increasing globally, often with serious consequences

for both. Local regulations or ordinances are frequently used to promote human behaviors that minimize these conflicts (risk-reducing behaviors), but compliance with ordinances can be highly variable. While efforts to increase compliance could be improved through applications of conservation psychology, little is known about the relative influence of different factors motivating compliance. Using concepts from psychology and risk theory, we conducted a longitudinal study pairing data from mail surveys with direct observations of compliance with a wildlife ordinance requiring residents to secure residential garbage from black bears …

Genomic-Based Identification Of Environmental And Clinical Listeria Monocytogenes Strains Associated With An Abortion Outbreak In Beef Heifers, Katherine J. Whitman, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson, John D. Loy, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Terrance M. Arthur, Jeff D. Ondrak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: In a beef cattle facility an outbreak of abortions occurred over a 36-day period and included samples from two aborted (non-viable) fetuses and 21 post-abortion clinical cases. There are numerous etiologies, including clinical listeriosis. At the species level, Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in cattle production environments, including soil, feed, and occasionally water sources, and is a common enteric resident of cattle and other mammals. There are four genetically distinct lineages of L. monocytogenes (I-IV), with most lineage III and IV isolates obtained from ruminants. Definitive diagnosis of L. monocytogenes as a causative agent in disease outbreaks relies upon case …

Whenever Possible, Treat The Cause: Shut Down The Flu Factories, Michael Greger

Animal Sentience

Over the last few decades -- and at a historically unprecedented rate -- hundreds of human pathogens have emerged, mostly from animals. The United Nations’ “Preventing the Next Pandemic” report blames increasing demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification as two key drivers of the emergence of zoonotic threats. Animal agribusiness has become a viral disease incubator, but there is a clear path towards preventing the next pandemic as well as protecting planetary health: to reform the practice of raising domestic animals for food and to adopt eating habits that not only protect our health, but address …

Search Strategies For “A Comprehensive Analysis Of Mutations In Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals Novel Genes And Mutations Associated With Patient-Specific Characteristics And Metastasis”, Marissa Lobl, Dillon Clarey, Cynthia M. Schmidt, Christopher Wichman, Ashley Wysong

Search Strategies: Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Different Tv Storytelling Approaches In Engaging U.S. Hispanic Parents And Caregivers Around Early Childhood Development, Caty Borum Chattoo, Lauren Feldman, Amy Henderson Riley

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Educational achievement gaps exist between racial and ethnic groups in the United States; early childhood readiness, fostered in part by parents and caregivers, is crucial. To respond to this challenge, the Univision television network produced content that aired across 3 storytelling genres (scripted drama, reality, news) to entertain and educate Hispanic parents and primary caregivers of children ages 0–5 years about early brain development interventions. This pretest/posttest experimental study assessed the impact of each genre and found significant direct effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions; the effects were mediated by perceived entertainment value and positive emotions.

Analysis Of The Ethical Leadership Behaviors’ Effect On Life Satisfaction And Mediation Effect Of Organizational Commitment, Zülbiye Kaçay, Fikret Soyer, Ersin Eskiler

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ethical leadership behaviours of school administrators on life satisfaction of physical education and sports teachers and the mediating effect of organizational commitment on this effect. For this purpose, in 2015-2016 academic year, the physical education and sport teachers working at a formal schools in different provinces of Turkey were determined as a research sample by preferring an easy sampling method, the data was obtained from a total of 436 physical education and sport teachers, (176 female and 259 male). In order to obtain data, online surveys (147) and face …

Marital Satisfaction Of Couples In Heterosexual Relationships Where There Are Differences In Spirituality, Collins Anaeche

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

As the dynamics of the United States’ social landscape shifts in relation to the diversity of culture, ethnicity, values, and traditions, and as religion and spirituality have become highly diverse and fluid, diversity in spirituality has received limited attention in the field of marriage and family therapy. Utilizing an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this qualitative investigation explores common meanings and experiences of emotional intimacy of couples in heterosexual relationships where there are differences in spirituality. Overall, the results of this investigation demonstrate that in situations where heterosexual couples who display differences in spirituality attentively attuned to their individual and relational needs, …

The Experience Of Children's Mental Health Leaders During Times Of Constraint: A Narrative Study, Jody Levison-Johnson

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Across the United States, each state has a public mental health system that is designed to support children and youth with emotional and behavioral challenges. This is critically important as recent estimates show that one in six children in the United States has a diagnosed mental health condition (Whitney & Peterson, 2019). The design and structure of these systems vary by state, but consistent across them is the presence of a state-designated leader who is faced with an array of constraining factors that influence their behavior and shape the resulting system. This study describes the experience of leaders in children’s …

Exploring The Potential Of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning To Combat Covid-19 And Existing Opportunities For Lmic: A Scoping Review, Maleeha Naseem, Ramsha Akhund, Hajra Arshad, Muhammad Talal Ibrahim

Community Health Sciences

Background: In the face of the current time-sensitive COVID-19 pandemic, the limited capacity of healthcare systems resulted in an emerging need to develop newer methods to control the spread of the pandemic. Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) have a vast potential to exponentially optimize health care research. The use of AI-driven tools in LMIC can help in eradicating health inequalities and decrease the burden on health systems.
Methods: The literature search for this Scoping review was conducted through the PubMed database using keywords: COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Forty-three articles were …

Modulation Of Medical Condition Likelihood By Patient History Similarity, Jonathan Turner, Dympna O'Sullivan, Jon Bird

Articles

Introduction: We describe an analysis that modulates the simple population prevalence derived likelihood of a particular condition occurring in an individual by matching the individual with other individuals with similar clinical histories and determining the prevalence of the condition within the matched group.

Methods: We have taken clinical event codes and dates from anonymised longitudinal primary care records for 25,979 patients with 749,053 recorded clinical events. Using a nearest neighbour approach, for each patient, the likelihood of a condition occurring was adjusted from the population prevalence to the prevalence of the condition within those patients with the closest …

Driver Persistence, Safety And Older Adult Self-Efficacy: Addressing Driving Challenges Using Innovative Multimodal Communication Concepts, Joan Cahill, Katie Crowley, Sam Cromie, Alison Kay, Michael Gormley, Eamonn Kenny, Sonja Hermann, Ciaran Doyle, Ann Hever, Robert J. Ross

Conference papers

New assisted driving technology provides a solution to enabling driver persistence while also addressing older adult fitness to drive issues. The proposed driver assistance system follows a detailed literature review, an analysis of secondary data, and the specification of a solution using human machine interaction (HMI) design methods. Overall, the assisted driving concept follows from a principled/ethical perspective in relation to promoting self-efficacy and enablement for older adults. The system is conceptualized as a supportive friend or ‘co-pilot’. It is argued that the use of new car-based sensors, along with machine learning intelligence and novel multimodal HMI communication methods will …

Preprint (Medicine & Pharmacology, Preprints.Org): Avoiding Covid-19 Complications With Diabetic Patients Could Be Achieved By Multi-Dose Bcg Vaccine: A Case Study Of Beta Cells Regeneration By Serendipity, Bassam Ayoub, Eman Ramadan, Nermeen Ashoush, Mariam M. Tadros, Moataz S. Hendy, Mohamed M. Elmazar, Shaker Mousa

Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Hierarchical Clustering To Predict The Response Of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy In Patients With Heart Failure, Rukayat Bukola Adeosun

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The heterogeneous nature of today’s evolving health databases requires new techniques and approaches to process these data and extract clinically useful information. This relevant information obtained can be used to improve the response rate of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure. Hierarchical clustering (HC) which is an unsupervised ML technique may uncover clusters within the bulk of data of patient population which is useful for strategies towards precision and personalized medicine. This study aims to investigate how HC can be used to automatically group a bulk of clinically acquired CRT data into clusters and subgroups that could …

Recovering From Covid-19 Building Closures: Guidance Document, David Krause, Cheri Marcham, John Springston, Alex Lebeau, Robert Rottersman, Timothy Froehlig, Bart Ashley

Publications

While the country comes to terms with the inevitable impact that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, will have on our lives and communities, public health authorities remain focused on breaking the chain of transmission. Managing the risk has resulted in widespread closures of businesses, schools, universities, resorts, and other facilities deemed “non-essential.” Practically speaking, this means closing buildings and ceasing operations. For building owners and operators, this poses a significant challenge to protect their assets and to ensure they are ready to reoccupy once the pandemic subsides.

Workplace Cleaning For Covid-19: Guidance Document, David Krause,, Cheri Marcham, John Springston, Alex Lebeau, Robert Rottersman, Timothy Froehlig, George (Jerry) Mccaslin

Publications

Critical and essential workplaces operating during this pandemic need to implement procedures to reduce the risk of workers, contractors, vendors, customers, and members of the community becoming infected on their premises. Outside of healthcare and paramedical facilities, the infrastructure and standard practices of infection prevention and control have not been commonplace. Establishing enhanced routine cleaning and disinfection procedures in offices, factories, warehouses, call centers, grocery stores, and other non-healthcare workplaces is a critical step in reducing exposures and infections.

Association Of Genetic Risks With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Early Neurodevelopmental Delays Among Children Without Intellectual Disability, Nagahide Takahashi, Taeko Harada, Tomoko Nishimura, Akemi Okamura, Damee Choi, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Hitoshi Kuwabara, Shu Takagai, Yoko Nomura, Nori Takei, Kenji J. Tsuchiya

Publications and Research

IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, and modest contributions of common genetic variants to ASD have been reported. However, the association of genetic risks derived from common risk variants with ASD traits in children from the general population is not clear, and the association of these genetic risks with neurodevelopment in infants has not been well understood.

OBJECTIVE To test whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) for ASD is associated with neurodevelopmental progress at age 18 months and ASD traits at age 6 years among children from the general population.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, …

Effect Of Vitamin C Solution On Microtensile Bond Strength And Fracture Resistance Of Non-Vital Bleached Tooth Restored With Resin Composite, Pimduean Sivavong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin C containing sodium ascorbate prepared solution on dentin bond strength of resin composite to non-vital bleached tooth and on fracture resistance of restored non-vital bleached tooth. Sixty (30 pairs, left and right) extracted sound human maxillary premolar teeth were collected from 30 patients. All teeth were endodontically treated and each pair was randomized assigned into microtensile bond strength and fracture resistance tests. The teeth were divided into 3 groups for each test which were 1) non-bleach tooth, 2) bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide and immediately restored with resin …