Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Grit And Medicine: Practicing Physicians, Residents, And Medical Students, Michael Bamisile

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Introduction: Since 2012, researchers have focused on understanding the relationship between grit and the successful completion of medical school1. This study seeks to determine how grit levels, measured by survey at matriculation, relate to first year medical school academic performance. This study also seeks to address the discrepancy concerning measurement of grit and implications of grit in medical students before and during COVID-19 and the shift from in-class to on-line instruction. Methods: The data from this study were collected from Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine (WSUBSOM), a Midwestern allopathic medical school in the United States. Data were collected …

Impact Of Different Factors On Premature Deaths In Rural And Urban Virginian Counties, Christian Randazzo

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

The goal of this investigation is to analyze data that influences premature death rates in Virginian counties. Specifically, I am looking at how the rates compare between rural and urban Virginian counties in 2020. In addition, I am analyzing how the premature death rates correlates with low birthweights, with air pollution, with preventable hospital stays, and with children in poverty and see how these variables predict the variance in premature death rates by county. I am using data from the County Health Rankings website. They gathered their data via surveys, the National Vital Statistics System, the CDC health tracking network, …

The Impact Of Exercise Of Mental Health, Kala Griffith

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Researchers have long recognized the positive association between exercise and mental health. With such a large proportion of the United States population being affected by mental illness, it is more important now than ever, to establish ways to improve the mental health of the country. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mental health of areas with differing levels of access to exercise, specifically Ohio and West Virginia, and begin making connections and associations about locations with similar data.

Methods: Data used in this study was gathered by the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program (CHR&R). The …

Understanding The Relationship Between Suicide Rates, Exercise, Commute Drive, And Healthcare Provider, Kaitlin Beemiller

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, with rates that have been rising significantly over the past decade, differing in varying states.1,2 Although there is not a lot known about the specific causes of these trends, recent literature has found a dose-response relationship association between inactivity and poor mental health, self-harm, and suicidal attempt, indicating that physical activity may possess a protective nature.1,4 Further expanding off this research, I wanted to investigate the relationships between rates of access to exercise, long commute drives, and healthcare providers to rates of suicide in 5 different states— to …

The Impact Of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs On Opioid Prescribing Practices And Opioid-Related Overdose Death Rates, Molly Scarbro

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Most states within the US have implemented a form of a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a scale to rate each state’s requirements of prescribers use of the PDMP on timely submission of the data and consultation when prescribing opioids. This paper looks at the impact of three levels of PDMP ratings (Green, Yellow, and Red) on opioid prescribing practices and opioid-related overdose death rates in 2015 (prior to PDMP rating) and in 2017. Methods: Data was collected from the CDC Wonder database, a publicly available data set. A …

Video Games, Screen Time, And The Impact On Body Mass Index And The Cardiovascular Fitness Of Adolescence, Joshua Sylvan

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To determine the effect of screen time/video gameplay has on the BMI and cardiovascular fitness of adolescence between the ages of 12 and 15 years old.

Methods: All data were collected and analyzed based on the CDC’s NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS).

Results: Analysis showed that there was no significant difference between body mass index and time spent using a computer as well as no significant difference between estimate maximal O2 uptake (primary endpoint for cardiovascular fitness) and time spent using a computer.

Looking Into The Importance Of Mental Health In Ohio, Tanner Graves

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: This study is meant to analyze the effects of poor mental health as it relates to other health outcomes. Methods: Data on mental and physical health will be collected from the County Health Rankings website. Then tests will be performed to compare rates of poor mental health days between Ohio and various other states. Then the number of poor mental health days will be correlated to physical inactivity and premature death rates to see if there is a positive or negative correlation. Lastly, poor mental health days and insufficient sleep will he used to see if those two variables …

Refusal Of Care In The Emergency Department: Self-Reported Reasons For Leaving Without Completing Treatment, Brenden Drerup

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Emergency department (ED) patients may choose to leave prior to physician evaluation, elope during treatment, or leave against medical advice during treatment. This study was performed to identify the reasons why patients left the ED before completing treatment. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Miami Valley Hospital, an urban level 1 trauma center. This study identified ED patients who left before completing treatment, including those who left without being seen (LWBS), eloped during treatment, or left against medical advice (AMA), from September to December of 2018. This project included a chart review and a prospective patient telephone survey. …

Factors Influencing Infant Death Due To Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Michelle Adamczyk

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Determine what factors are associated with increased mortality in infants <1 year old due to respiratory syncytial virus. Methods: Using publicly accessible infant mortality data from CDC Wonder, I used z-scores to compare infant death rates due to RSV between different groups including levels of prematurity, birth weight, and race. Results: When compared by race, mortality rates were highest for infants with mothers who are American Indian or Alaska Natives, followed by infants with Black mothers, and lowest for infants with White or Asian mothers. Infants born with lower weight at birth had higher mortality rates by RSV than infants with higher birth weights. Infants born prematurely, especially at <28 weeks gestation had higher RSV mortality rates. When compared by geographic region, RSV mortality rates were highest in the Southern U.S.. Sorting by mother’s age, infants born to younger mothers, especially mothers <20 years old had higher mortality rates due to RSV. These findings align with previous research focusing on RSV mortality and overall trends in epidemiological factors influencing infant mortality.

Do Medical Students' Assessments Of A Patient's Pain Vary Significantly With Gender And Year Of Medical Training?, Catherine Phamduy

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Chronic pain is a common ailment among US adults and can lead to high cost of healthcare when not treated effectively. Unfortunately, studies show that characteristics of the patient population and physician may also influence their treatment of patient pain. Increased years of medical training is associated with a decline in empathy, which may be measurable by a decline in physician’s assessment of patient’s pain. Doctors with the least experience tend to underestimate their patient’s pain. However, very little is known about medical students’ assessment of patient-reported pain. The objective is to determine the significant differences in medical students’ perceptions …

Insufficient Sleep In 2020: Where Does Ohio Stand?, Daniel Masters

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To determine the impact of insufficient sleep on premature death and mental health as well as see how the levels of insufficient sleep in Ohio compare to previous years and to other states in the US. Methods: Data on insufficient sleep, premature death, smoking, food environment index, physical inactivity, and poor mental health days was all collected from County Health Rankings and then analyzed. Results: Insufficient sleep was found to be moderately correlated to years of potential life lost in a positive manner in Ohio in 2020. Insufficient sleep has risen in Ohio from 2016 (35.76%) to 2020 (37.04%). …

Statement On Dentistry As Essential Health Care, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

The American Dental Association Reaffirms Its Position On Dental Amalgam, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Commentary On: Cosmeceuticals: The Principles And Practice Of Skin Rejuvenation Of Nonprescription Topical Therapy, Clifford P. Clark, Ashley Goldston

Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Free Abdominal Tissue Transfer And Utilization Of The Umbilical Stalk For “Tubular” Reconstruction In Ear, Nose, And Throat Defects, Jake Laun, Julian Pribaz

Surgery Faculty Publications

Large head and neck burns and cancer-related defects pose many challenges to the reconstructive surgeon with the ultimate goals being aesthetic, as well as functional restoration, or as the renowned Italian plastic surgeon Gaspare Tagliacozzi espoused to “restore, rebuild, and make whole those parts which nature hath given but which fortune has taken away.” The face, in particular, has inherent structures that are vital to interpersonal relationships, as well as everyday function. Large head and neck burns or cancer defects may require a tracheostomy and stoma creation or reconstruction of the external auditory meatus both posing a significant reconstructive challenge. …

Iot Devices In The Public Health Sector, Cayla Young

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

In this research, proper attention is drawn to privacy and security concerns with the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the public health sector. Often, not much attention is given to IoT devices and its vulnerabilities concerning the medical industry. Effects of COVID-19 contact tracing applications are explored through research of various source types. Mitigation techniques for these privacy and security issues is given. Focus is brought to topics outlining the risks associated with genetic testing companies and the vulnerabilities of data collection and data storage. Recommendations are provided to help consumers avoid these risks. Lastly, a comprehensive …

Customized Blister Packaging For Patients Living With Hiv: Assessment Of Patient Attitudes And Satisfaction, Holly Groteluschen, Harlan Sayles, Joshua P. Havens, Sara Bares, Jasmine Marcelin

EMET Projects

No abstract provided.

Quality Care In Underserved Communities: Assessing Patient Satisfaction With Obstetrical Care At Oneworld Community Health Center, Gerson Manriquez, Melanie Menning, Jennifer Liu

EMET Projects

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Study On Adequate Sleep In Preschool Children – Can We Sleep On It?, Seema Zainulabdin Lasi, Noreen Afzal, Somal Kayani

Human Development Programme

Sleep is a significant marker of physical and psychological health. The present research was undertaken to explore perceptions of parents, teachers and pediatricians about preschool children’s sleep patterns, habits, and problems from urban Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative research approach was employed; data collection methods were Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The themes identified were children’s sleep patterns, sleep environment, sleep rituals, distractions, sleep problems, the impact of inadequate sleep, and recommendations to improve. Emergent themes were inconsistency of rules from parents, lack of opportunities for outdoor physical activity, different kinds of stresses, social and cultural events …

The Analysis Of College Students Knowledge, Attitudes. Behaviors, And Perceptions Concerning Sexually Transmitted Infections, Ambrosia Roberts

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to further research, more in-depth, college student's attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors concerning sexually transmitted infections and unsafe sexual practices using the Health Belief Model as a framework. By utilizing an electronic survey and social media a non-probability convenience sample of 167 students was assessed. This study was given to undergraduate and graduate students at a midwestern college campus and was intended to evaluate college student's knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions concerning sexually transmitted infections. Two major findings were that less than half of the participants were tested for STI's yearly; and there was no …

Perinatal Staff Education On Opioid Use Disorder, Theresa J. Engle

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, opiate use disorder (OUD) crosses all demographic areas, ethnicities, and social classes. In 2016, over 42,000 Americans died from opiate overdose with more than two million Americans having OUD. The need to care for patients with OUD has crossed all realms of nursing, including the perinatal specialty. Framed within the Iowa model of evidence-based practice, the purpose of this project was to develop a perinatal staff education program on OUD focusing on addiction as a brain disorder with care of the perinatal woman and identification and treatment of the newborn with …

A Systematic Review Of The Literature On Bedside Shift Reports, Dana Wickersheim

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIn 2017, The Joint Commission issued a sentinel event alert regarding inadequate nurse hand-off communication. Inadequate hand-off communication can lead to medication errors, delay in treatment, falls, and wrong-site surgery. To help ensure safe handoff of care between nurses by involving the patient and family, bedside shift report was created. Bedside shift report was developed to help improve patient safety and quality, patient experience of care, nursing staff satisfaction and time management, and accountability between nurses. Despite the implementation of bedside shift report in nursing practice, it continues to be inconsistently applied, which poses risks to patients and can lead …

Hospital Nurses’ Perceptions Of Computer-Assisted Instruction For Professional Development, Katherine Irizarry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is increasingly being used for professional development. However, at one hospital in the northeast region of the United States, it was observed that nurses were not completing their CAI professional development modules and were failing to meet continuous education requirements. This qualitative case study explored professional nurses’ perspectives regarding the usefulness of CAI as a mode of professional development. The conceptual frameworks used to guide this study were Davis’ theory of technology acceptance, and Knowles’s theory of andragogy. The research question explored how professional nurses perceived the usefulness of CAI to assimilate new learning. The participants in …

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Using An Aspiration Prevention Protocol, Lee James-Pettway

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospital-acquired pneumonia, which includes aspiration pneumonia (AP), is a preventable condition that is costly to all healthcare institutions (more than $17,000 to $ 30,000 per episode), because insurance no longer covers the cost of hospital-acquired harms. Each episode in the hospital setting can lead to patient complications, increased use of antibiotics, patient mortality, as well as decreased patient survey scores. Several factors put patients at risk of developing AP, and screening for these risk factors on admission and implementing preventative nursing interventions can decrease the incidence. Based on an extensive literature review, an evidence-based, clinical practice guideline (CPG) was identified …

Bedside Nurses' Perception Of Their Role Managing Elderly Patient's Polypharmacy, Patience E. Walker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractPolypharmacy is described as having six or more prescription medications that are consumed concurrently and affects citizens worldwide. Polypharmacy may negatively affect patient care in hospitalized patients because nurses may lack the time to provide adequate care because they are overworked and/or understaffed, leading to problems such as medication errors. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive phenomenological study, guided by role theory, was to explore bedside nurses' perceptions of their role regarding patient polypharmacy. Twelve bedside nurses were interviewed on their roles in polypharmacy and medication management for elderly patients. The interviews were analyzed and revealed three distinct themes and …

Impact Of Integrated Laboratory Data Transfer Portals On Patient Results And Reports, Charmane Latrece Richie

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An operational problem exists in which some healthcare organizations cannot maintain a suitable supporting data transfer system, which impacts the integrated laboratory data transfer portals designed to receive and send secure patient laboratory results and reports. This quantitative study examined whether an association exists between patient reporting turnaround times and specific test code nomenclatures used when comparing an older referral laboratory interface (RLI) laboratory information system (LIS) to the newer electronic orders and resulting (EOR) system using the Covance expanded laboratory management services (ELMS) NexGEN database from 2016-2020. The Donabedian model served as the framework for this study. The sampling …

The Long-Term Biopsychosocial Effects Of Children Reared In Blended Families, Kerene T. Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Family dynamics have experienced an immense transformation in the last 4 decades. Children are less likely to live in a 2-parent household with parents that are both biologically related to them due to various factors. Blended families (especially the children) face many adversities during the initial stages of formation and rarely receive specialized intervention when compared to nuclear families. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand the long-term biopsychosocial effects experienced by young adults who lived in a blended family household. In addition, what services or interventions were offered to newly established blended family systems were also …

Increasing Primary Care Nurse’S Recognition Of Symptoms Related To Job-Related Stress, Beverly Diann Butler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractMany nurses become accustomed to stressful situations and often do not recognize the signs of stress until it has in some form affected them. Nurses often lack education for recognition of signs regarding job-related stress. The practice-focused question for this doctoral project addressed whether knowledge of stress recognition increase in nurses after an evidence-based educational program (EBP) regarding signs of job- related stress.” The purpose and significance of this project was to develop, deliver and evaluate an EBP regarding recognition of signs regarding job-related stress. The project was guided by the Job Demands-Resource (JD-R) theory and Lewin’s Change Theory to …

Parents’ Perceptions Of Healthcare Influences On Their Decisions To Vaccinate Their Children, Patricia Frances Badiola Harris

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Declining immunization rates are associated with higher incidents of vaccine-preventable diseases. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological inquiry was to explore the perceptions of vaccine-hesitant parents regarding their healthcare experiences. Ajzen and Fishbein‘s theory of reasoned actions and its key concepts (the intention to perform behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and external variables) was used as a framework to understand influences on parents' decisions to vaccinate their children. The research questions for the study examined the healthcare experiences of vaccine-hesitant parents, how these experiences influenced their decisions to vaccinate their children, and how this group perceived the current strategies promoting vaccinations …

Barriers To Mental Health Services Related To Stigma In Northern California, Kandalena Ary

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

California Senate Bill 1041 recognized mental health as a contributing barrier for individuals struggling to achieve independence from aid through the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program to meet the needs of the state's low-income families while reducing barriers to self-sufficiency. As mental health illnesses continue to increase, the engagement and utilization of services have not increased. The purpose of this study was to explore county policy infrastructure addresses making mental health services known, accessible, and increase participation to decrease barriers in utilization of available resources. The research questions were used to examine the effectiveness of processes …