Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Association Of Cognitive Function Assessments Among Older Women, Anna Gookin

2020 Honors Symposium

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a loss of mental capabilities due to the slow degeneration of the brain and is the leading cause of dementia. Dementia is caused by the damage of neurons in the brain from diseases or injury, not only affecting mental abilities but also affecting daily activities.1 Every 65 seconds someone is diagnosed with AD and currently there is no known cure. Traditional cognitive testing is time consuming, expensive, can misdiagnose, and there is a lack of neuropsychologist. There is a need for a cognitive test that can provide an accurate, cheaper, and quicker result in order to …

An Analysis Of Perception Vs. Reality In Physical Fitness And The Effect Of Fitness Testing On Physical Activity In College Students, Sarah Schwartz

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Physical fitness is important to overall health and each fitness component has certain health implications. Fitness assessments are used to predict health implications.
• College students with lower physical activity levels have higher rates of obesity and negative health outcomes
• Most colleges students do not meet recommendations for physical activity despite knowing the benefits

OBJECTIVES
• Assess the degree that perceptions of fitness are associated with measured fitness (1)
• To find out if and how intentions and behaviors change over time after receiving the results of a standardized fitness assessment. (2)

Validity And Reliability Of Temperature Sensing Devices During And Following Exercise In The Heat, Olivia M. Covin

2020 Honors Symposium

Background: Exertional heat stroke is a danger for athletes that participate in outdoor and indoor sports and can be fatal if not recognized and treated properly. Oral temperature is commonly used to assess an athleteʼs temperature during exercise, but previous research suggests it may be an invalid and unreliable measurement of core temperature. A company recently designed a mouth guard prototype that changes color when core temperature reaches a specific threshold.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the color-changing mouth guard when the user reaches a core temperature of 39°C. I hypothesized …

Perceptions Of Marijuana Potency And Public Health Consequences Of Legalization, Stella Resko, Kathryn Szechy, Jennifer Ellis, Theresa Early, Danielle Hicks, Elizabeth Agius

Substance Use Research Team

Background: As cannabis policy is rapidly evolving and support for marijuana legalization is increasing, understanding of the public’s perception of cannabis and its associated risks is important for prevention efforts. Method: Adults in Michigan (n = 2,189) were recruited to complete a web-based survey focused on attitudes toward marijuana (August–September 2016). Participants were recruited through online and email advertisements from community-based agencies and a statewide advocacy coalition. Measures were adapted from previous public opinion research with input from advocacy coalition members. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess public perceptions of cannabis potency and the perceived impact of marijuana legalization …

Evaluating Historical Paradigms Of Sterility In Perinatal Microbiology And Ramifications For Pregnancy Outcomes, Jonathan Greenberg

Wayne State University Dissertations

Next-generation sequencing technologies, especially 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing have allowed investigations of low microbial biomass tissues of the human body. While these sequencing methodologies have provided large amounts of reliable data for higher microbial biomass sites, such as the mouth, intestine, and vagina, tissues of low microbial biomass sites are subject to specific caveats that were not appropriately considered in early investigations of these sites. Low microbial biomass sites of particular interest have included those of the reproductive and urinary systems. Utilization of DNA sequencing methodologies have allowed researchers to challenge existing paradigms of sterility around these sites …

Hormonal Regulation Of Glycine Decarboxylase And Its Metabolic Outcomes, Ruta Milind Jog

Wayne State University Dissertations

The amino acid glycine is involved in generation of multiple critical metabolites including glutathione, heme, and creatinine. Interestingly, in both humans and rodents, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system is the predominant glycine degradation pathway in humans. The rate-limiting enzyme of glycine cleavage system is glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), and loss-of-function mutations of GLDC cause hyperglycinemia. Here, we show that GLDC gene expression is upregulated in livers of mouse models of diabetes and diet-induced obesity as well as in the fasted state in normal animals. …

Identification And Evaluation Of Epidemic Prediction And Forecasting Reporting Guidelines: A Systematic Review And A Call For Action, Simon Pollett, Michael Johansson, Matthew Biggerstaff, Lindsay C. Morton, Sara L. Bazaco, David Brett-Major, Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra, Julie A. Pavlin, Suzanne Mate, Rachel Sippy, Laurie J. Hartman, Nicholas G. Reich, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Jean-Paul Chretien, Benjamin M. Althouse, Diane Myer, Cecile Viboud, Caitlin Rivers

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

INTRODUCTION: High quality epidemic forecasting and prediction are critical to support response to local, regional and global infectious disease threats. Other fields of biomedical research use consensus reporting guidelines to ensure standardization and quality of research practice among researchers, and to provide a framework for end-users to interpret the validity of study results. The purpose of this study was to determine whether guidelines exist specifically for epidemic forecast and prediction publications.

METHODS: We undertook a formal systematic review to identify and evaluate any published infectious disease epidemic forecasting and prediction reporting guidelines. This review leveraged a team of 18 investigators …

Reduction Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Tumor Progression In A Lean Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mouse Model, Elizabeth M. Vlock, Shilpa Karanjit, G. Talmon, Evi A. Farazi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in Western countries. While obesity and diabetes are the hallmarks of NAFLD, it also develops in lean individuals in the absence of metabolic syndrome, with a prevalence of 7 percent in the U.S. and 25-30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD represents the spectrum of liver disease, starting with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL) that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC is poorly understood and a mouse model is lacking. We aimed …

Mental Health Service Utilization Among Urban Adolescents: The Roles Of Perceived Mental Health Problems, Attitudes Towards Professional Help, And Stigma, Yi Tak Tsang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Mental health among adolescents is widely acknowledged as a significant concern in the United States. Based on a national survey, Merikangas et al. (2010) found that among 13-17 year olds, 42% to 48% reported experiencing mental health concerns. It is estimated that only half of adolescents with mental health problems utilize mental health services (Costello et al., 2014). An initial study found that caregivers of disadvantaged youth appeared to function as the “gatekeepers” to mental health services (Tsang et al., 2020). Also, the results suggested that positive attitude towards professional psychological help, but not stigma, predicted service enrollment. The current …

An Assessment Of Knowledge, Behavior, And Consumption Patterns Surrounding Sugar- Sweetened Beverages Among Young Adults, Anne Harguth

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Background The obesity epidemic is a growing problem in this country. Many studies have been conducted in effort to unravel and derail the rise in obesity and overweight status among Americans. Strong evidence supports the notion that excessive sugar consumption is largely contributing to an increase in obesity and risk for many chronic diseases and conditions.

Objective This study assessed sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, knowledge of sugar-sweetened beverages, disease risk associated with consumption, and correlation between the knowledge and consumption among a sample of students at a large midwestern university. A cross-sectional, retrospective design with random sampling was utilized for this …

The Effects Of Virtual Reality In The Treatment Of Stroke Patients, Melissa Schoettle

Capstone Showcase

The Effects of Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Stroke Patients

Stroke patients face many challenges on their road to recovery. Patients may lose motor function, speech abilities, and other important cognitive functions. They go through various forms of therapy to help rehabilitate them and improve their cognition, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Physical therapy helps improve motor function and muscle control, occupational therapy improves those skills needed for success in work and life, and speech therapy helps patients recover the ability to speak and the cognitive processes to think and form words and sentences. While these therapies are …

Ada Health Policy Institute Finds Uptick In Dental Spending, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Dentistry Is Essential Health Care, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Leaders In Evidence-Based Dentistry Honored, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Do Schroth Exercises Improve Quality Of Life For Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis?, Lindsay N. Drubel

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Schroth exercises improve quality of life for patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of two randomized controlled trials and one case series published between 2015 and 2016 which present patient-oriented evidence.

DATA SOURCES: The articles chosen for this review were found using the PubMed Database.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The outcome measured was patient reported scoliosis specific quality of life, which includes patient reported changes in pain. This outcome was assessed through the Scoliosis Research Society 23 questionnaire, the Scoliosis Research Society 22r questionnaire, and …

Does Cold Water Immersion At A Temperature Below 10°C Reduce Perceived Muscle Soreness After Exercise More Than A Water Temperature Above 10° C?, Cara Blenke

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not cold water immersion at temperatures below 10°C reduce perceived muscle soreness after exercise more than water temperatures above 10°C.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials published in 2016 and 2017

DATA SOURCES: Data sources for this review were articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed Database and Cochrane Collaboration

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcome measured was the patient’s reduction in muscle soreness post exercise when submerged in cold water using the visual analog scale.

RESULTS: Machado et al. (Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science …

Brain-Specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1 Is Expressed In The Myo/Nog Cell Lineage., Jacquelyn Gerhart, Jessica Bowers, Lindsay Gugerty, Colby Gerhart, Mark Martin, Fathma Abdalla, Arturo Bravo Nuevo, Jonathan Tabb Sullivan, Rebecca Rimkunas, Amie Albertus, Lou Casta, Lori Getts, Robert Getts, Mindy George-Weinstein

PCOM Scholarly Works

The Myo/Nog cell lineage was discovered in the chick embryo and is also present in adult mammalian tissues. The cells are named for their expression of mRNA for the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin. A third marker for Myo/Nog cells is the cell surface molecule recognized by the G8 monoclonal antibody (mAb). G8 has been used to detect, track, isolate and kill Myo/Nog cells. In this study, we screened a membrane proteome array for the target of the G8 mAb. The array consisted of >5,000 molecules, each synthesized in their native confirmation with …

Nurse-Physician Collaboration During Bedside Rounding: What Is The Impact On The Nurse?, Martha Decesere

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Poor communication is identified as the root cause for the majority of sentinel events in hospitals, including wrong site surgery, medication errors, and failure to rescue. Interdisciplinary rounding (IDR), a long-standing practice in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), provides a forum for communication and collaboration and has been linked to improved patient outcomes. Most of the research regarding IDR has been performed in the ICU setting within academic medical centers. IDR outside of the ICU has demonstrated similar clinical outcomes but a gap exists in the literature regarding the impact of IDR participation on the nurse, particularly for nurses working …

As Some States Consider Reopening, Ada Offers Ppe Guidance To Dentists (April 18, 2020), American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Ada Signs On To Joint Commission Statement On The Shortages Of Critical Medical Equipment, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

2020 Transactions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Transactions of the ADA, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT). It is from the Transactions section, one of three subtitles that make up the full publication. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Pages from the Annual Reports and the Transactions are numbered consecutively (e.g. Annual Reports volume ends pg. 500 and Transactions volume starts at pg. 501). NOTE: All three subtitles are collectively known as the Transactions of the ADA or, alternatively, the ADA Transactions. Transactions refers …

2020 Annual Reports And Resolutions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Annual Reports and Resolutions subtitle of the ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and Transactions. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Older versions include reports from all departments as subsections, while more recent versions include only those of councils, commissions, and committees.

Socioeconomic Status Impact On Smoking Rates In Ohio In 2019, Zafer Sattouf

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To study the impact of socioeconomic status on smoking. Research Questions: This research study aims to determine the impact of socioeconomic status on smoking rates across counties in Ohio in 2019. It is investigating how different variables such as education, income, and employment status are correlated with smoking rates across different counties. Methods: Correlation studies and ANOVA were conducted to show how smoking affects premature deaths and how socioeconomic indicators affect smoking rates. Results: Smoking is associated with increased numbers of premature deaths in Ohio 2019 (p < 0.001). Higher levels of education, higher income, and lower unemployment rates has been associated with lower smoking rates in Ohio 2019 (p < 0.001).

Gender Differences In Marijuana-Related Problems Among Those Who Self-Reported Daily Smoking And Marijuana Use, Justin Ho

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

In 2012, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported about 5.2% of its respondents using tobacco and marijuana, with strong evidence of increasing marijuana use among tobacco users.¹ While smoking cigarettes has been shown to cause lung cancer,² additional studies associate habitual marijuana smoking with abnormal airway tissue histology, impeded airway conductance,³ decreased memory, psychomotor speed, and manual dexterity.⁴ Cigarette smoking and marijuana use are shown to have similar withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and depression,^2,5 meaning that this example of polysubstance dependence could become a valid public health concern, especially with …

Correlation Between Copd And Physical Activity In The United States, Ellie Ganz

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: My objective of this project is to determine whether there is a correlation between COPD and physical activity in the United States by looking at all 50 states. Also, to determine if there is a difference between the prevalence of COPD in different regions of the US.

Methods: Data was collected and analyzed using the publicly available data set from the CDC Wonder database (wonder.cdc.gov). A Pearson correlation test and an ANOVA with post hoc tests were used to determine correlations and differences between variables to answer research questions.

Results: There is a significant negative correlation between physical activity …

Effect Of Hiv Prevalence And Gender On Cardiovascular Disease Deaths, Tanjeev Ahmad

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Cardiovascular disease is a widely diagnosed condition that can have many etiologies and factors that changes its prognosis. This project was aimed at investigating two potential factors that changes its prognosis: HIV status and gender. Data on HIV status was collected from NCHHSTP AtlasPlus for all US states and territories and data on cardiovascular disease deaths and corresponding gender was collected from Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke for all US states and territories. Using a linear regression test, a correlation was tested for between HIV status and cardiovascular disease deaths for every US state/territory followed by a test …

Perceptions Of Fracture Location, Breanna Dominguez

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

OBJECTIVE: Aseptic non-union is a significant complication in approximately 5% of long bone fractures1. Bone stimulation devices are used before surgical intervention and can have favorable results if accurately placed. The objective of this study is to determine accuracy of clinician fracture localization based solely on viewing radiographs.

METHODS: A transverse diaphyseal fracture was induced in a cadaveric radius and tibia using a bone saw and osteotome; fractures were not apparent from incision or soft tissue. The sample included 20 physicians and 16 pre-clinical medical students. Participants used reference anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs to determine fracture location and placed …

Implementing Peer Instruction In Medical Education And The Impact On Student Success, Alexander Chase

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

In 1991, a physicist at Harvard University, Dr. Eric Mazur, implemented a new style of classroom learning into his introductory physics courses named Peer Instruction.1 The objective of Peer Instruction (PI) was to engage students in interactive discussion throughout the time spent in the classroom. In the PI format, students were assigned reading that was then tested at the start of each class through a reading quiz. Dr. Mazur then spent the remainder of class quizzing his students with questions that were designed to highlight the important aspects of the material in question. All students were required to participate by …

Quality Improvement: Patient Education For Management Of Hypertension In Pregnancy, Kriti Goel

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: We introduced maternal hypertension education tools that address illiteracy in underserved populations. Through these tools, we aim to improve patients’ knowledge of their conditions. We also aim to determine if healthcare providers perceive a benefit to the use of the tools. Ultimately, we hope these changes will lead to better short- and long-term health outcomes for mother and child.

Methods: Pregnant women with any form of hypertension at Five Rivers Center for Women’s Health (FRHC) were surveyed during OB visits. The Patient Questionnaire includes objective knowledge questions on their condition and self-reported comprehension questions. Forty-five women were surveyed during …

Outcomes Of Prenatal Marijuana Use, Sierra Clark

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Holistic therapy is becoming a national trend and a lot of people are turning to marijuana for its potential benefits. Even pregnant women are using marijuana to manage nausea and vomiting. 1 Currently, medical marijuana is legal in 33 states and the District of Columbia, with 10 states also legalizing its recreational use. 1 In the US, between 16.2% of pregnant women are using marijuana daily.2 In a study surveying 785 pregnant women, 79% reported perceiving little to no harm in prenatal marijuana use.3 Due to the increase in its use and the common perception of being harmless, it is …