Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Rheumatic Diseases In Pregnancy: Emerging Pharmacologic Management And Safety, Amanda Rawa, Katherine Ghattas

Transformative Medicine

Rheumatic diseases distinctly affect women of childbearing age, creating complex challenges in balancing maternal disease control with fetal safety during pregnancy and lactation. This review summarizes the pathophysiology and management of common rheumatic diseases, with a focus on the safety and efficacy of conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Particular emphasis is placed on pregnancy-compatible therapies, contraindicated agents, and emerging evidence supporting the use of select biologics such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNKs). Current guidelines and primary literature have been reviewed to show the importance of preconception counseling and individualized treatment plans to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.

Electrocardiographic Clues To Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, Devi Parvathy Jyothi Ramachandran Nair, Muhammad Asad Hanif

Transformative Medicine

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium, predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias, RV dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. Early recognition relies heavily on electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, which often precede overt structural changes. We report a case of a 28-year-old woman presenting with intermittent chest pressure, palpitations, and mild exertional dyspnea. Vital signs were stable, and troponin was normal. Initial 12-lead ECG demonstrated normal sinus rhythm with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and T-wave inversions in leads V1–V3. Continuous telemetry revealed frequent runs of monomorphic non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) with …

The Aftermath Of Overturning Roe V. Wade: A Review Of Legal, Social, And Health Implications, Eden Parks M.D.

Transformative Medicine

Roe versus Wade occurred in 1973 and was a landmark case in the United States. It guaranteed the right to abortion until 2022, when the Dobbs versus Jackson case was decided and the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe. This abolished the right to abortion and left it up to the states. The Dobbs decision has reshaped the framework for reproductive rights in the United States. This paper focuses on the multifaceted outcomes of the Dobbs decision, highlighting the legal, social and health implications. Through a study of recent research, legal analyses, and public health reports, this article assesses the …

The Implementation Of Indoor Urban Gardening: A Microgreens Pilot Study In A University Setting, Kathryn Chang, Samantha Brink, Annette Gadegbeku

Transformative Medicine

Introduction: “Food deserts” are geographical areas that lack affordable full-service grocery stores and have higher densities of unhealthy or “fast food” options. These deserts not only exist in communities such as Philadelphia, but also on college campuses. One solution to creating access to fresh vegetables is urban farming, which refers to green areas (i.e. community gardens) that provide places for food to be grown by local residents. Microgreens Health Outreach Project (HOP), aimed to build and implement a small, indoor community garden cart within the Health Sciences Building (HSB) at Drexel University; the organization hoped that this cart would be …

Impact Of Early Term Induction Of Labor On Cesarean Delivery And Maternal-Fetal Outcomes In Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Nathanael N. Hoskins, Priya Patel, Thomas Wasser, Xuezhi Jiang

Transformative Medicine

Introduction: Obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²) is increasingly prevalent in pregnancy and is associated with numerous complications, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, and higher cesarean delivery (CD) rate. There are many risks for patients with obesity during pregnancy; however, there is little evidence supporting early-term (37 0/7 to 38 6/7 weeks of gestation) induction of labor (IOL) to reduce complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether IOL in patients with obesity is associated with a decreased CD rate.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pregnancies that underwent IOL between 37 0/7 and 41 6/7 weeks of gestation from …

Opportunity For Increasing Applicant Diversity In Gynecologic Oncology Fellowships, Priyanka Raju Md, Tamara Lalovic Do, Alexandar Lalovic

Transformative Medicine

Introduction: The term healthcare disparity describes differences in access to medical care between population groups. Minimizing the care gap and improving access to care for historically minoritized populations will require a multifaceted approach. Increasing diversity in the healthcare workforce has the potential to lead to significant improvements aimed at minimizing inequity. Fellowship training programs in Gynecologic Oncology serve as the gatekeeper for the workforce of Gynecologic Oncologists. Efforts at improving diversity at the fellowship level are necessary to increase the diversity of practicing physicians. The objective of this study is to assess Gynecologic Oncology fellowship websites for information emphasizing a …

A Phase-Ii Randomized Controlled Pilot And Feasibility Study Of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation In Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Christopher R. Martens, Kevin P. Decker, Theodore M. Deconne, Faria Sanjana, Fiona Horvat, Nicholas A. Rizzi, Catherine Awad, Elizabeth Habash, Joshua C. Hobson, Michael L. Armstrong, Nichole Reisdorph, Ryan T. Pohlig, Alyssa M. Lanzi, Curtis L. Johnson, Matthew L. Cohen, James M. Ellison

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Abstract

Background

The decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with aging may elevate risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related neurocognitive disorders (ADRD) by impairing cellular energy metabolism and reducing cerebral blood flow.

Method

We conducted a 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide riboside (NR; 500 mg b.i.d.), for enhancing cognitive function and cerebral perfusion in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Result

52 participants (33 females, 19 males) were randomized and 42 completed the trial (NR = 22, placebo = 20). Adherence was similar between groups …

Light-Induced Oslike1 Phosphorylation Enhances Rice Resistance Against Blast Disease, Jiangtao Liu, Lei Su, Wenya Wang, Jintao Wang, Weizhong Chen, Zhixiang Yang, Leiyun Yang, Gang Li, Xinyu Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Zhongqiang Qi, Yongfeng Liu, Yuqiang Liu, Ping Wang, Muxing Liu, Zhengguang Zhang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a major threat to world food supply. Conditions conducive to the disease include insufficient light. Our previous studies found that light-dependent phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II protein (LHCB5) mediates rice immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms, in particular, the upstream regulators of LHCB5 phosphorylation, remain unknown. Here, we show that OsLIKE1 functions as a lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLK) to play a critical role in rice resistance against M. oryzae. OsLIKE1 interacts with and phosphorylates LHCB5. In addition, we find two phosphorylation sites in the kinase domain of OsLIKE1 important for its auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation …

Esat-6 And Cfp-10 Reactive Igg In Patients With Tuberculosis Inhibits Intracellular Bacteria, Joshua R. Miles, Pei Lu, Shuangyi Bai, Genesis P. Aguillón-Durán, Javier E. Rodríguez-Herrera, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Blanca I. Restrepo, Lenette L. Lu

School of Medicine Publications

Perspectives beyond the CD4 T cell interferon (IFN)-γ paradigm are needed to understand immunity in tuberculosis (TB). Growing data in patients across a spectrum of TB highlight that changes in antibody Fc domain glycosylation and Fc effector functions correlate with disease and impact Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. How antigen-specific antibodies within polyclonal responses affect bacteria is less clear. This study examines antibodies targeting ESAT-6 and CFP-10, Mtb virulence proteins essential for pathogenesis. Data from patients with TB show that polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G reactive to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 diverges from other Mtb and non-Mtb antigens with enhanced sialylation, …

The Mitochondria Is The Source Of Hepatic Amyloid Precursor Protein And Peripheral Amyloid Beta: Implications Of Alcohol-Induced Liver Steatosis In Alzheimer's Disease, Josephine Chu, Ross A. Steinberg, Brian Carson, Devaraj Venkatapura Chandrashekar, Rachita K. Sumbria, Derick Han

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Alcohol-induced liver injury occurs in the pericentral region of the liver and can induce mitochondrial remodeling and exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease (AD) progression. Subpopulations of mitochondria: general mitochondria (GM), peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-bound mitochondria (ERM) maintain cellular homeostasis via energy synthesis, lipid homeostasis, and regulation of intracellular calcium. Hepatic amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a source of peripheral amyloid beta (aB) and affects AD pathology in the brain. Understanding the localization and expression of hepatic APP in mitochondrial subpopulations are critical to understanding aB metabolism and may play a role in identifying a potential mechanism for metabolic dysfunction. …

Implementing Sbar-Based Staff Education And A Diabetes-Specific Discharge Checklist To Reduce Patient Identification Errors During Handoffs, Maragarate Nesoa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project was an organization change initiative using staff education to reduce patient identification errors during handoffs among older adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). Misidentification during transitions of care contributes to medication errors, unnecessary readmissions, and preventable adverse events

Correlational Study Of Health Checkups And Patient Wellness: Epidemiological Evaluation On Prophylaxis Pathways, Samantha H. Beaubrun

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Health checkups and wellness visits are a vital pathway to early detection and diagnosis of disease. It is not known whether young adults, insured or not, are opting into preventive care services to optimize health status via health checkups/wellness visits at primary care academic health centers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relation of wellness visits to healthcare insurance and health status while adjusting for gender among young adults ages 18–35 years in the United States. A descriptive correlational design was used with the 2023 National Health Interview Survey data set (N = 6,544). The results …

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Likeness, Toxicity, And Molecular Docking Studies Of 4-N-(Methyl)-4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives As Antimalarial Compounds, Muhamad Jalil Baari, Devi Hardiyanti

Makara Journal of Science

Antimalarial drug resistance has encouraged various innovations to develop novel drug compounds that are effective, feasible, and safe, adhering to health standards. One way to do that is by observing and predicting the biological activity of drug compounds using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In this study, QSAR analysis was conducted on the 4-N-(methyl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives, which effectively inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum as a source of malaria. The research stages involved molecular structure modeling, molecular geometry optimization using the AM1 semi-empirical method, and QSAR descriptor calculations, including electronic (atomic charges (q), HOMO and LUMO energies, polarizability (α), …

The Role Of Reproductive Aging And Surgeries For Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias (Adrd) Diagnoses In The Cardiovascular Health Study, Alexis Reeves, Oscar L. Lopez, Michelle D. Shardell, Hoda S. Abdel Magid, C. Elizabeth Shaaban, Michelle C. Odden

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Abstract

Background

Most US individuals with ADRD are women. Menopause typically occurs in midlife, accompanied by declines in potentially neuroprotective and cardioprotective hormones. Earlier menopause leads to earlier exposure to decreased sex hormones, potentially increasing ADRD risk. Surgical menopause via reproductive surgeries may cause a sudden loss of hormones and may represent be a modifiable risk factor for ADRD. We aimed to determine if menopausal type and age are associated with physician adjudicated-ADRD diagnoses.

Methods

Data were from 3371 women prospectively followed from age 65+ years. Participants self-reported age of menopause and/or surgeries, hormone-therapy, education, and race (Black/White). For this …

Eif3d And Eif3e Mediate Selective Translational Control Of Hypoxia That Can Be Inhibited By Small Molecules, Stephen C Purdy, Kate Matlin, Christopher Alderman, Amber Baldwin, Natasha Shrivastava, Goksu Sarioglu, Somnath Dutta, Kristofor J Webb, Arthur Wolin, Dillon P Boulton, Annika Gustafson, Jyoti Kapali, John D Landua, Michael T Lewis, M Cecilia Caino, James C Costello, William Old, Xiang Wang, Rui Zhao, Heide L Ford, Neelanjan Mukherjee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exposure to hypoxia is linked to increased cellular plasticity and enhanced metastasis, effects that are primarily attributed to the transcriptional activation of large gene programs downstream of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). However, translational effects in hypoxia, which likely precede transcriptional effects, have remained largely unexplored. Using ribosome profiling, we uncovered a selective translational response in acute hypoxia that is eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)3d/eIF3e dependent and controls downstream hypoxic responses, including HIF1α accumulation and cellular invasion. We further demonstrated that eIF3e copy number and eIF3e and eIF3d expression signatures are associated with worsened outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Finally, we identified …

Liberal Or Restrictive Postoperative Transfusion In Patients At High Cardiac Risk: The Top Randomized Clinical Trial, Panos Kougias, Sherene E Sharath, Min Zhan, Jeffrey L Carson, L Erin Norman, Zhibao Mi, Rupsi Pal, Hasan Dosluoglu, J Gregory Modrall, George A Sarosi, Peter Nelson, Shipra Arya, Alexandra Scrymgeour, Jade Ollison, Lawrence A Calais, Vijay Nambi, L Parker Gregg, Shuaib M Abdullah, Shirling Tsai, Natasha Becker, Justin C Choi, Louisa Chiu, Salvatore Scali, Neal R Barshes, Samir Awad, Mohammed Moursi, Matthew C Koopmann, Mitchell Sally, Daniel Ihnat, Archana Ramaswamy, Warren Gasper, Edith Tzeng, Mark A Wilson, Gale Tang, Grant Huang, Kousick Biswas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Postoperative red blood cell transfusion guidelines recommend transfusion for hemoglobin levels less than 7 g/dL. However, the safety of this strategy in patients at high risk of cardiac events undergoing major operations remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of death or major ischemic events within 90 days after a liberal transfusion strategy compared with a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients at high risk of cardiac events who had undergone major vascular or general surgery operations and developed postoperative anemia.

Design, setting, and participants: This parallel, single-blind, randomized clinical superiority trial included 1428 veterans (≥18 y) at high cardiac …

Pepquerymhc: Rapid And Comprehensive Tumor Antigen Prioritization From Immunopeptidomics Data, Seunghyuk Choi, Bing Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Determining tumor-specificity of MHC-bound peptides is crucial for cancer immunotherapy development, yet current methods struggle with class II peptides and non-reference sequences. We introduce PepQueryMHC, an ultra-fast tool that integrates MHC-bound peptide sequences with translated RNA-seq reads for efficient tumor antigen prioritization. We demonstrate its versatility in prioritizing class I and II tumor antigens, mapping the cellular origins of presented peptides, and resolving uncertainties surrounding the prevalence of proteasome-spliced peptides.

Synergistic Effects Of Gfap With Tnfr1 And Tnfr2 On Conversion To Ad Dementia And Overall Survival Across The Alzheimer’S Disease Spectrum, Laura Alejandra Ramirez Tirado, Ann D. Cohen, C. Elizabeth Shaaban, Cristy Matan, Brian J. Lopresti, Milos D. Ikonomovic, Thomas K. Karikari, Victor L. Villemagne, Oscar L. Lopez

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background: We recently reported synergistic effects of TNFR1 and TNFR2 with
astrogliosis resulting in greater vascular burden and neurodegeneration, particularly in
Aβ+ participants. Here, we aimed to assess the interactions of peripheral inflammation
and astrogliosis on incidence of AD dementia and mortality. We hypothesized
synergistic effects with astrogliosis resulting in increased incidence of dementia, and
mortality, particularly in Aβ+ participants.
Methods: Participants of the Gingko evaluation of memory (GEM) study underwent
PiB-PET scans between 2009-2018. GFAP and peripheral inflammatory markers were
measured in 2009 by immunoassay. We evaluated the relationship of peripheral
markers of inflammation (TNFR1,TNFR2) and astrogliosis (GFAPdementia incidence …

A Tissue Renewal-Based Mechanism Drives Colon Tumorigenesis, Ryan M. Boman, Gilberto Schleiniger, Christopher Raymond, Juan P. Palazzo, Anne Shehab, Bruce M. Boman

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Our Goal is to identify how colorectal cancer (CRC) arises in the single-layered cell epithelium (simple columnar epithelium) that lines the luminal surface of the large intestine. Background: We recently reported that the dynamic organization of cells in colonic epithelium is encoded by five biological rules and conjectured that colon tumorigenesis involves an autocatalytic tissue renewal reaction. Introduction Our objective was to define how altered crypt turnover explains tissue disorganization that leads to adenoma morphogenesis and CRC. Hypothesis: Changes in rate of tissue renewal-based cell polymerization leads to epithelial expansion and tissue disorganization during adenoma histogenesis. Methods: Accordingly, we created …

Development Of An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention To Increase Correctional Nurses’ Knowledge Of Mental Health Crisis Management, Jacqueline Parrish

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) educational intervention targeted correctional nurses and aimed to enhance their knowledge of mental health crisis management. Correctional environments often lack training for managing mental health emergencies, which can negatively impact safety. The goal was to increase correctional nurse knowledge of mental health emergency management. The guiding question was whether an educational intervention would increase correctional nurses’ knowledge of mental health crisis management by a minimum of 20% following a structured, evidence-based educational session. A pretest and posttest design was used in the project. A total of 20 participants completed a pretest, posttest and program …

Adapter Changes Of Central Line Patients On Total Parenteral Nutrition, Courtney Erin Schappell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) remain a significant and preventable patient safety issue, especially among hospitalized patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Patients on TPN face a higher risk of infection due to the high glucose content of the solution and the frequent access required for central line therapy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality have recognized CLABSI prevention as a national priority. In addition, there is emphasis on high-risk groups like patients receiving TPN. The Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice, an evidence-based guideline, recommends catheter care, including timely adapter (i.e., …

Sox11 Modulates Bcr Signaling Through The Pax5/Cd19 Axis For Therapeutic Targeting In Btk-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Rudra Prasad Dutta, Heng-Huan Lee, Violetta V Leshchenko, Ravi Prakash Shukla, Fangfang Yan, Yang Liu, H Ümit Kaniskan, Xing Qiu, Jian Jin, Lapo Alinari, Michael Wang, Samir Parekh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite multiple approved Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis), resistance to BTKi continues to pose a major clinical challenge. The transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) is expressed in most patients with MCL and is associated with poor outcomes. We have previously demonstrated SOX11-dependent B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in transgenic models of MCL. Here, we report that SOX11 drives BCR signaling via the transcriptional activation of the PAX5/CD19 axis. The translational potential of these results is significant as single-cell RNA sequencing data show that SOX11 is overexpressed …

Coordinated Changes In Stromal And Hematopoietic Cells That Define The Perinatal To Juvenile Transition In The Mouse Thymus, Anusha Vasudev, Colin R Moore, Aparna Calindi, Seung Woo Kang, Bryan R Helm, Jayashree Srinivasan, Siddhartha Shah, Erin Baker, Ruiting Zong, Nandini Singarapu, Scott Casey, Andrew N Macintyre, Ken S Lau, Laura P Hale, Qi Liu, Nancy R Manley, Lauren I R Ehrlich, Ellen R Richie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Perinatal T cells have distinctive phenotypes and functions that may be due in part to age-associated features of stromal cells in the perinatal thymus. We identify age-associated changes in mouse thymic epithelial cells, mesenchyme, endothelium, and hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells from birth to one month of age using single-cell transcriptional profiling, flow cytometry, and imaging. Coordinated cellular and molecular changes occur at 7-14 days of age, designated "transitional ages," as thymus growth switches to homeostasis. E2F target gene expression declines, and the expression of type I interferon response genes increases across diverse cell types at transitional ages. Alterations in thymic stromal …

Perspectives On The Future Of The Profession Of Microbiology, Todd L Kelson, Heidi B Kaplan, Michelle Dziejman, Shilpa Gadwal, Irene Hulede, Jennifer Bennett, Roger Greenwell, Shelley Payne, Kyle Maclea, Eric Miller, Diana L Vullo, Rebecca Sparks-Thissen, Astral Bertolio, Jorge Cervantes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Profession of Microbiology (POM) embodies the bulk of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) members and represents the career preparation arm of the ASM for academia, industry, and clinical lab professions. The ASM Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2025 to identify the future of the POM. The retreat presentations centered on workforce development, professional development, innovations in technology, and interdisciplinary collaborations. Various aspects were identified, such as the need to prepare for careers in industry, as an important goal of future training. It was also clear that scientists, in all walks of life, need professional …

Association Of Shock Index And Variants With Mortality In Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Cameron P Upchurch, Kristen Sanfilippo, Daphne Lew, Maanasi Samant, Rachel Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common with potential for morbidity and mortality. Several PE risk-stratification tools exist; however, more granular and patient-specific indicators of potential decompensation or short-term mortality that can be easily obtained are needed for the bedside clinician to further sub-stratify risk and inform management decisions. We sought to determine the association of early emergency department (ED) measurement of the shock index (SI) and SI variants (modified SI, SI to peripheral oxygen saturation ratio, age-adjusted SI, respiratory-adjusted SI, and double product) and mortality among patients with acute PE.

METHODS: This was an observational case-control study of adult patients …

Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor And Acute Kidney Injury In Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra, Tao Wang, John E Levine, Shalini Shenoy, Miguel-Angel Perales, Asad Bashey, Hershel Raff, Wael Saber

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently follows hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of AKI in the general population. We evaluated suPAR and its association with AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT (alloHCT). Performance of suPAR was compared with serum creatinine (sCr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Data were obtained from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network 1202 cohort, an observational study of 1709 alloHCT recipients. Adults aged ≥18 years with AKI-D after HCT were included. Adults who did not develop AKI were included as controls and matched 1:1. …

Predictive Modeling Of Hematoma Expansion From Non-Contrast Computed Tomography In Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients, Natasha Ironside, Shinjini Kundu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hematoma expansion is a consistent predictor of poor neurological outcome and mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An incomplete understanding of its biophysiology has limited early preventative intervention. Transport-based morphometry (TBM) is a mathematical modeling technique that uses a physically meaningful metric to quantify and visualize discriminating image features that are not readily perceptible to the human eye. We hypothesized that TBM could discover relationships between hematoma morphology on initial Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) and hematoma expansion. 170 spontaneous ICH patients enrolled in the multi-center international Virtual International Trials of Stroke Archive (VISTA-ICH) with time-series NCCT data were used for …

Simultaneous Initiation Of Finerenone And Empagliflozin Across The Spectrum Of Kidney Risk In The Confidence Trial, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Jennifer B Green, Hiddo J L Heerspink, Sung Gyun Kim, Johannes F E Mann, Janet B Mcgill, Amy Mottl, Masaomi Nangaku, Julio Rosenstock, Peter Rossing, Li Li, Na Li, Katja Rohwedder, Charlie Scott, Rajiv Agarwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The CONFIDENCE (COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with CKD and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint) trial investigated the safety and efficacy of simultaneously initiating finerenone and empagliflozin for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes. This prespecified analysis aimed to determine if the predicted risk of kidney disease progression, based on KDIGO risk categories, influenced the benefits and safety of this combination therapy.

METHODS: The double-blind, double-dummy trial randomized 818 adults with CKD and type 2 diabetes [urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥100 to < 5000 mg/g] to receive once-daily finerenone plus empagliflozin, finerenone alone or empagliflozin alone, all in addition to a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor. The relative change in UACR from baseline to day 180 (primary endpoint) and a >30% reduction in UACR (secondary endpoint) across KDIGO …

Ribosomal Protein Control Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transformation Through Regulation Of Metabolism, Bryan Harris, Stephen Sykes, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein RPL22 is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from altered metabolism, including increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a striking induction of the stemness factor Lin28b in the resulting leukemia. Lin28b promotes a substantial increase in lipid …

Investigating The Relationship Between Breast Cancer Risk Factors And An Ai-Generated Mammographic Texture Feature In The Nurses' Health Study Ii, Xueyao Wu, Shu Jiang, Aaron Ge, Constance Turman, Graham Colditz, Rulla M Tamimi, Peter Kraft

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mammogram risk score (MRS), an AI-driven mammographic texture feature, strongly predicts breast cancer risk independently of breast density, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study II (292 cases, 561 controls), we validated MRS's association with breast cancer and evaluated its relationships with established breast cancer risk factors through observational analyses, polygenic score analyses, and Mendelian randomization. MRS was significantly associated with breast cancer risk before (OR=1.92 per SD increase; 95% CI:1.57 to 2.35; 10-year AUC=0.69) and after adjustment for predicted BI-RADS density (OR=1.85; 95% CI:1.49 to 2.30). Early life body size and adult body …