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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Infection Of Neonatal Mice With The Murine Norovirus Strain Wu23 Is A Robust Model To Study Norovirus Pathogenesis, Amy M Peiper, Emily W Helm, Quyen Nguyen, Matthew Phillips, Caroline G Williams, Dhairya Shah, Sarah Tatum, Neha Iyer, Marco Grodzki, Laura B Eurell, Aqsa Nasir, Megan T Baldridge, Stephanie M Karst May 2023

Infection Of Neonatal Mice With The Murine Norovirus Strain Wu23 Is A Robust Model To Study Norovirus Pathogenesis, Amy M Peiper, Emily W Helm, Quyen Nguyen, Matthew Phillips, Caroline G Williams, Dhairya Shah, Sarah Tatum, Neha Iyer, Marco Grodzki, Laura B Eurell, Aqsa Nasir, Megan T Baldridge, Stephanie M Karst

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Noroviruses are the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea and foodborne disease worldwide. While they are a major cause of disease in all age groups, infections in the very young can be quite severe, with annual estimates of 50,000-200,000 fatalities in children under 5 years old. In spite of the remarkable disease burden associated with norovirus infections, very little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying norovirus diarrhea, principally because of the lack of tractable small animal models. The development of the murine norovirus (MNV) model nearly two decades ago has facilitated progress in understanding host-norovirus interactions and norovirus strain …


Developments In Stem Cell-Derived Islet Replacement Therapy For Treating Type 1 Diabetes, Nathaniel J Hogrebe, Matthew Ishahak, Jeffrey R Millman May 2023

Developments In Stem Cell-Derived Islet Replacement Therapy For Treating Type 1 Diabetes, Nathaniel J Hogrebe, Matthew Ishahak, Jeffrey R Millman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The generation of islet-like endocrine clusters from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to provide an unlimited source of insulin-producing β cells for the treatment of diabetes. In order for this cell therapy to become widely adopted, highly functional and well-characterized stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) need to be manufactured at scale. Furthermore, successful SC-islet replacement strategies should prevent significant cell loss immediately following transplantation and avoid long-term immune rejection. This review highlights the most recent advances in the generation and characterization of highly functional SC-islets as well as strategies to ensure graft viability and safety after transplantation.


Organizational Readiness To Implement Task-Strengthening Strategy For Hypertension Management Among People Living With Hiv In Nigeria, Juliet Iwelunmor, Daphne Lew, Et Al. May 2023

Organizational Readiness To Implement Task-Strengthening Strategy For Hypertension Management Among People Living With Hiv In Nigeria, Juliet Iwelunmor, Daphne Lew, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV), but there is limited access to standardized HTN management strategies in public primary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The shortage of trained healthcare providers in Nigeria is an important contributor to the increased unmet need for HTN management among PLHIV. Evidence-based TAsk-Strengthening Strategies for HTN control (TASSH) have shown promise to address this gap in other resource-constrained settings. However, little is known regarding primary health care facilities' capacity to implement this strategy. The objective of this study was to determine primary healthcare facilities' readiness to implement TASSH among PLHIV …


Echinomycin As A Promising Therapeutic Agent Against Kshv-Related Malignancies, Jungang Chen, Zhen Lin, Jiao Song, Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff, Jennifer James, Shengyu Mu, Steven R. Post, Lu Dai, Zhiqiang Qin May 2023

Echinomycin As A Promising Therapeutic Agent Against Kshv-Related Malignancies, Jungang Chen, Zhen Lin, Jiao Song, Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff, Jennifer James, Shengyu Mu, Steven R. Post, Lu Dai, Zhiqiang Qin

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which preferentially arise in immunocompromised patients while lack of effective therapeutic options. Oncoproteins Myc and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) have been found closely related to KSHV infection, replication and oncogenesis. However, the strategies of dual targeting these two oncoproteins have never been developed and tested for treatments of KSHV-related malignancies. In the current study, we report that treatment of echinomycin dramatically regresses cell growth both in vitro-cultured KSHV + tumor cells and in vivo KS or PEL xenograft mice models, …


Dual Myristic Acid And Trans-Activator Of Transcription Conjugation Of Pkc Beta Ii Peptide Inhibitor Augments Cellular Delivery To Counteract Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, James Ramsarran, Logan Clair, Taurai Augustin, Zinya Talukder, Emily Andrews, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young May 2023

Dual Myristic Acid And Trans-Activator Of Transcription Conjugation Of Pkc Beta Ii Peptide Inhibitor Augments Cellular Delivery To Counteract Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, James Ramsarran, Logan Clair, Taurai Augustin, Zinya Talukder, Emily Andrews, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Dual conjugation of PKC Beta II peptide inhibitor (PKCβII-) with myristic acid (myr) and trans-activator of transcription (Tat) (Myr-Tat-CC-SLNPEWNET [myr-Tat-PKCβII-]) has been shown to enhance intracellular delivery and attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in an ex-vivo rat model. Previously, myr-Tat-PKCβII- demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects from 100nM to the 1pM concentration.

OBJECTIVES: The lowest concentration at which myr-Tat-PKCβII- is still cardioprotective has yet to be determined; this study investigates the 100fM concentration.

METHODS: Isolated rat hearts from anesthetized male SD rats (275g to 300g) underwent global I(30-min)/R(50-min). Cardiac function was recorded via a pressure transducer. Treatments were infused during the …


Assessment Of The Impact Of Race And Proxies Of Socioeconomic Status On The Prevalence And Health Outcome Of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (Ppcm) Using The “All Of Us” Databank, Nicole Blatt, Brian J. Balin Phd, Ahmad B. Cader, C. Scott Little, Eleonora Savio-Galimberti May 2023

Assessment Of The Impact Of Race And Proxies Of Socioeconomic Status On The Prevalence And Health Outcome Of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (Ppcm) Using The “All Of Us” Databank, Nicole Blatt, Brian J. Balin Phd, Ahmad B. Cader, C. Scott Little, Eleonora Savio-Galimberti

Research Day

Background: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy occurring during the last month of pregnancy or within months after giving birth in women with previously normal hearts. PPCM is an idiopathic systolic dysfunction that causes a reduced left ventricle ejection fraction. The estimated incidence of PPCM worldwide is 1 diagnosis out of 2,000 live births, and the causes of PPCM remain unknown. A retrospective cohort study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania Health System by Getz et al. showed that black race and socioeconomic proxies (like neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI)) were independently associated with sustained cardiac dysfunction (Getz et …


A Rare Case Of Scalp Swelling In Infancy: Delayed Subaponeurotic Fluid Collection, Shreya Dundumalla May 2023

A Rare Case Of Scalp Swelling In Infancy: Delayed Subaponeurotic Fluid Collection, Shreya Dundumalla

Research Day

Delayed subaponeurotic fluid collection (DSFC) is a rare cause of scalp swelling in infants presenting weeks to months after birth. DSFC is described as a mobile and soft swelling which crosses suture lines in healthy infants with no recent history of trauma or fall. A literature search in the National Library of Medicine revealed fewer than 15 publications on the topic since 2007. The exact etiology and long term consequences of DSFC remain unclear although birth trauma has been implicated as the main mechanism. A healthy 2 month old male infant presented to the ED with a one-day history of …


Comparison Of The Inhibition Of An Oct3 Transporter Inhibitor, Nilotinib, On Doxorubicin’S Effects On Cardiac And Cancer Cell Lines, Zachary G. Tan, Juliet Melnik, Aakash Belsare, James Huang, Meagan Lyons, Kimberly Dowes, Gurpreet Kaur, Lindon H. Young, Robert J. Barsotti, Qian Chen May 2023

Comparison Of The Inhibition Of An Oct3 Transporter Inhibitor, Nilotinib, On Doxorubicin’S Effects On Cardiac And Cancer Cell Lines, Zachary G. Tan, Juliet Melnik, Aakash Belsare, James Huang, Meagan Lyons, Kimberly Dowes, Gurpreet Kaur, Lindon H. Young, Robert J. Barsotti, Qian Chen

Research Day

Introduction

Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity remains a significant barrier limiting its clinical application due to a lack of effective resolution. Targeting how DOX enters cardiac and cancer cells is a promising new strategy. Research suggests that an OCT3 transporter significantly contributes to DOX entry into the heart tissue. By contrast, it expresses much lower on breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, Nilotinib (NIB) can suppress OCT3 transporter function by 80%. Therefore, exploring the impact of NIB on the DOX’s effects on cardiac and cancer cell lines by altering DOX intracellular accumulation is intriguing.

Objective

First, we would establish a dose-response curve of …


Review Of Telemedicine Use As It Expands Since The Covid-19 Pandemic, Michael P. Perra, Frederick J. Goldstein May 2023

Review Of Telemedicine Use As It Expands Since The Covid-19 Pandemic, Michael P. Perra, Frederick J. Goldstein

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: As new technology advances and the world becomes increasingly connected, medical care and physician-patient interactions have changed. Telemedicine, though present in different forms for many decades, has grown, and its use is changing at a faster-than-ever pace. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the utility of different telemedicine platforms and has led to an expansion in its capabilities.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the evolution of telemedicine, its multiple functions, and how this technology has continued to develop since the COVID-19 pandemic in various medical specialties.

METHODS: PubMed was used to assess published studies that either incorporated telehealth resources in their research or …


Prolonged Length Of Stay In Illeal Conduit Compared To Neobladder Diversion In Radical Cystectomy Patients For Bladder Cancer, Ryan J. Moriarty, Young Son, Brian Thomas, Ronald Clearie, Lance Earnshaw, Dayna Devincentz, Thomas Mueller May 2023

Prolonged Length Of Stay In Illeal Conduit Compared To Neobladder Diversion In Radical Cystectomy Patients For Bladder Cancer, Ryan J. Moriarty, Young Son, Brian Thomas, Ronald Clearie, Lance Earnshaw, Dayna Devincentz, Thomas Mueller

Research Day

Background:

Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion has become the standard treatment for invasive and complicated malignancies of the bladder, urethra, and ureters. [1] Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), introduced in the last decade, has been associated with favorable perioperative outcomes when compared to open radical cystectomy. Yet little is known about how different urinary diversion types compare in regards to length of hospital stay, readmission rates, and perioperative course. This data analysis seeks to identify the statistically significant differences in postoperative course of ileal conduit versus neobladder among patients with staged bladder cancer.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical …


Treatment Of Bullous Pemphigoid With Dupilumab: A Case Report, Margaret C. Hurley, Jocelynn F. Dillon, Harold J. Milstein May 2023

Treatment Of Bullous Pemphigoid With Dupilumab: A Case Report, Margaret C. Hurley, Jocelynn F. Dillon, Harold J. Milstein

Research Day

Introduction: Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering condition that results from formation of autoantibodies against basement membrane hemidesmosome proteins, specifically BP180 and BP230. Classic BP presents as pruritic, tense blisters on the trunk and extremities, most commonly in the elderly. BP’s pathophysiology involves IL4/IL5/IL13 and eosinophils. Dupilumab is an IgG monoclonal antibody targeted at the IL4-α receptor that works to attenuate the IL4/IL13 pathway involved in T2 differentiation. Dupilumab has clinical applications for T2 mediated disease and shows promise in the therapy of BP.

Case Description: We report a case of an 83-year-old Asian male who presented in the …


Maternal Psychiatric Functioning And Maternal-Infant Attachment Among Mothers Of Infants In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu), Elizabeth Greco, Alexa Bonacquisti May 2023

Maternal Psychiatric Functioning And Maternal-Infant Attachment Among Mothers Of Infants In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu), Elizabeth Greco, Alexa Bonacquisti

Research Day

Introduction: A growing body of research suggests that an infant’s admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may adversely impact maternal psychiatric functioning, affecting quality of life, well-being, and patient outcomes. Additionally, there is accumulating evidence that stressful reproductive events related to a NICU admission) may even exacerbate pre-existing maternal psychiatric symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between maternal mental health symptoms, including anxiety and stress, and maternal-infant attachment among mothers of infants in the NICU. By examining the psychiatric functioning measures both at the time of initial NICU admission and again 2-4 …


Revisiting The Global Measures Of Overall Neuropsychological Function And The Impact Of Race-Based Normative Data In Clinical And Forensic Populations, Zachary Dipasquale, Donald Masey, Robert A. Ditomasso, Gabriel Stanziano May 2023

Revisiting The Global Measures Of Overall Neuropsychological Function And The Impact Of Race-Based Normative Data In Clinical And Forensic Populations, Zachary Dipasquale, Donald Masey, Robert A. Ditomasso, Gabriel Stanziano

Research Day

This study aims to examine the impact of race-based normative data on global measures of overall neuropsychological functioning. Further, it examines the changes made to the Average Impairment Rating (AIR) in the context of race-based norming and the dismissal of a previously included measure, Picture Arrangement. The AIR is a commonly used index to classify the severity of diffuseness related to brain injury. Despite its use, the AIR has a very limited body of research describing the impact of racial norming on the index. Based on a review of the literature, the Picture Arrangement subtest removal was never researched in …


Effects Of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga On Sleep: A Systematic Review, Paulo Castro, Hrday Kowdley, Sadhvika Ramji, Robert Joyner, Gopal Kowdley May 2023

Effects Of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga On Sleep: A Systematic Review, Paulo Castro, Hrday Kowdley, Sadhvika Ramji, Robert Joyner, Gopal Kowdley

Research Day

Introduction: Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a sequence of four breathing techniques used to calm the body and mind. Each breath component plays a role in producing a state of peace and is followed by rest and meditation to enhance one’s focus and feeling of connectedness. Recently, SKY has been evaluated as a possible adjunct treatment for some mental health disorders and for its role in promoting lifestyle changes, with a number of studies attempting to identify the impact of SKY techniques on sleep. In this study, we sought to assess the current literature regarding the effectiveness of SKY and …


Cardioprotective Effects Of Naltrindole In Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Are Concentration-Dependent, Logan Clair, Tanoh Boakye, James Ramsarran, Zinya Talukder, Nikola Maricic, Ukoha Kalu, Juliet Melnik, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young May 2023

Cardioprotective Effects Of Naltrindole In Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Are Concentration-Dependent, Logan Clair, Tanoh Boakye, James Ramsarran, Zinya Talukder, Nikola Maricic, Ukoha Kalu, Juliet Melnik, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Myocardial infarction remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally and infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis. Early and successful restoration of myocardial reperfusion is effective to reduce final infarct size and improve clinical outcomes. However, reperfusion induces further damage to the myocardium, hence the need for adjunctive therapy. Cardioprotective therapies to limit myocardial hypercontracture that occurs during prolonged ischemia and is associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are an important clinical goal. Previously, naltrindole (NTI, 5µM), when given prior to ischemia, exerted cardioprotective effects in ex-vivo, rat myocardial I/R, in part, by attenuating ischemic hypercontracture that occurred …


Racial Differences In New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease In Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Hormone Therapy, Tyler Gaines, Adedayo Adetunji, Elizabeth Blackman, Camille Ragin, Phillip Abbosh May 2023

Racial Differences In New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease In Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Hormone Therapy, Tyler Gaines, Adedayo Adetunji, Elizabeth Blackman, Camille Ragin, Phillip Abbosh

Research Day

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with prostate cancer. Despite its efficacy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality. Given black men have elevated risk of cardiovascular disease mortality compared to other racial groups, this study sought to evaluate the relationship of race with ADT-associated cardiotoxicity.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer who received androgen deprivation therapy at a single institution from 2017 to 2022. Methods of ADT included gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists/antagonists, non-steroidal …


A Rare Case Of Scalp Swelling In Infancy: Delayed Subaponeurotic Fluid Collection, Shreya Dundumalla, Jamie Cashell May 2023

A Rare Case Of Scalp Swelling In Infancy: Delayed Subaponeurotic Fluid Collection, Shreya Dundumalla, Jamie Cashell

Research Day

Delayed subaponeurotic fluid collection (DSFC) is a rare cause of scalp swelling in infants presenting weeks to months after birth. DSFC is described as a mobile and soft swelling which crosses suture lines in healthy infants with no recent history of trauma or fall. A literature search in the National Library of Medicine revealed fewer than 15 publications on the topic since 2007. The exact etiology and long term consequences of DSFC remain unclear although birth trauma has been implicated as the main mechanism. A healthy 2 month old male infant presented to the ED with a one-day history of …


Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma In A Patient On Lifelong Anticoagulation With Secondary Femoral Neuropathy: A Case Report, Briana D. Ward, Catherine Linh, Ronald Lincow May 2023

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma In A Patient On Lifelong Anticoagulation With Secondary Femoral Neuropathy: A Case Report, Briana D. Ward, Catherine Linh, Ronald Lincow

Research Day

Setting: Outpatient pain management office

Case Diagnosis: A 52-year-old man presents with spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma and secondary femoral neuropathy.

Introduction: While traumatic retroperitoneal injury is common, spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) is relatively rare with a documented rate of 0.6-6.6%. Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma typically presents with pain of the abdomen, hip, or leg. Rarely, symptoms associated with lumbosacral plexus compression are present. Leg numbness and weakness are present in less than 10% of cases. Today, treatment remains largely conservative with a low percentage of patients requiring angioembolization.

Case Description: A 52-year-old male with significant past medical history of mechanical aortic valve …


Does Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma With High Proliferation Index Require A Different Treatment Strategy? A Single Center Experience., Urwat T. Vusqa, Brooke Arner, Rahim Jiwani, Georgia Gagianas, Cyrus Khan, John Lister, Yazan Samhouri May 2023

Does Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma With High Proliferation Index Require A Different Treatment Strategy? A Single Center Experience., Urwat T. Vusqa, Brooke Arner, Rahim Jiwani, Georgia Gagianas, Cyrus Khan, John Lister, Yazan Samhouri

Research Day

Background:

Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It accounts for 35% of all NHL. FL is divided into three grades based on the proportion of centroblasts. The clinical aggressiveness increases from grade 1 to 3a, but this does not translate to a different therapeutic approach. Some FL patients have a high proliferation index despite having low grade. We assume patients with high proliferation index FL have a more aggressive disease requiring a different therapeutic approach. Here, we examine this theory in a cohort of 145 patients with follicular lymphoma

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of …


Mindfulness And Acceptance In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Trauma-Informed Approach, Chloe Hriso, Alexa Bonacquisti May 2023

Mindfulness And Acceptance In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Trauma-Informed Approach, Chloe Hriso, Alexa Bonacquisti

Research Day

Preterm labor or other medical conditions resulting in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission has an immense potential to be a traumatic event for both parents and their babies. Birth trauma in the context of the NICU may lead to a heightened stress response, decreasing one’s ability to cope with those stressors. This experience may have long-lasting effects for both parents and infants, necessitating a better understanding of interventions that can be offered during NICU admission and beyond to address trauma responses from both a physical and psychological perspective. The positive effects of mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions have the potential …


Machine Operator With Central Cord Syndrome: A Case Report, Catherine Linh, Ronald Lincow May 2023

Machine Operator With Central Cord Syndrome: A Case Report, Catherine Linh, Ronald Lincow

Research Day

Setting: Outpatient pain management office

Case Diagnosis: A 30-year-old man presents with central cord syndrome (CCS) after cervical spine trauma.

Introduction: Central cord syndrome (CCS) is most commonly caused by cervical spine trauma with an incidence of 11,000 cases annually in the United States. Despite CCS being the most common type of incomplete spinal cord injury, treatment is still controversial and varies from conservative management to early surgical intervention.

Case Description: After sustaining a closed head trauma by 350 lb lead object at work, the patient presented with weakness, numbness, and tingling in the bilateral upper and lower extremities and …


Strategic Use Of Wellness Ambassadors To Increase Attendance Of Initial Mental Health Appointments, Kaitlyn Blair, Mirna Law, Bettina Bernstein May 2023

Strategic Use Of Wellness Ambassadors To Increase Attendance Of Initial Mental Health Appointments, Kaitlyn Blair, Mirna Law, Bettina Bernstein

Research Day

Background

Many adults and children with mental health conditions in the US do not receive treatment, and in Philadelphia alone, there were 174 suicide deaths in 2017. The shortage of mental health professionals and long wait times are significant barriers to accessing mental health care. Executive function difficulties can make it challenging for individuals to maintain a schedule for mental health appointments. A study found that reminder phone calls result in an increased rate of mental health appointment keeping. The goal of this project is to increase attendance of first mental health appointments by patients referred to mental health services …


Reasons For Not Refilling Medications: A Research Proposal, Tori E. Abdalla, Frederick J. Goldstein May 2023

Reasons For Not Refilling Medications: A Research Proposal, Tori E. Abdalla, Frederick J. Goldstein

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

It is estimated that medication non-adherence costs the United States approximately 528 billion dollars annually. Of that amount, it is estimated that only 50% of medications are adhered to for treatment of chronic diseases. Targeting improvement of a single aspect of medication non-adherence, e.g., refill compliance, could increase successful treatment of any medical condition where this a problem. Several broad solutions have been proposed, such as provider education, increased communication, and technology-based interventions; however, without knowing why patients do not refill their medications, providers might not know which solution(s) to initiate.

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of the proposed study is …


In Vitro Naltrindole Mitigates Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induced Superoxide Release In Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Independent Of Delta Opioid Receptor Antagonism, Devani A. Johnson, Taylor A. Dilisi, Juliet Melnik, Denise Pinto, Alexandra Barrera, Arjun Nair, Zinya Talukder, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young May 2023

In Vitro Naltrindole Mitigates Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induced Superoxide Release In Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Independent Of Delta Opioid Receptor Antagonism, Devani A. Johnson, Taylor A. Dilisi, Juliet Melnik, Denise Pinto, Alexandra Barrera, Arjun Nair, Zinya Talukder, Tameka Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction:

Naltrindole (NTI) is a selective delta opioid receptor antagonist that recently has been shown to be cardioprotective in both in vivo and ex vivo studies. In vivo, NTI showed cardioprotective effects that were dose-dependent significantly reducing infarct size up to 82% compared to control (p<0.05). In ex vivo isolated rat hearts, NTI significantly reduced infarct size compared to controls (p<0.01). NTI restored cardiac left ventricular end diastolic pressure to near baseline values compared to controls or other general opioid receptor antagonists in ex vivo hearts, suggesting a tissue salvaging mechanism independent of opioid delta receptor antagonism. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) do not express opioid receptors. In this study, we investigated NTI attenuation of PMN superoxide (SO) release in vitro. We hypothesized that NTI would attenuate SO release in PMNs via a calcium handling mechanism, a similar mechanism that explained cardioprotective effects of NTI pretreatment that mitigated ischemic hypercontracture that is due to an increase in intracellular calcium.

Methods:

Rat PMNs (5x 106) were incubated for 15 min at 37oC in the presence or absence (dH2O vehicle control) of NTI (10μM, 50μM, or 200 μM). PMN SO release was calculated by the change in absorbance at 550 nm over 420 sec via ferricytochrome c reduction after phorbal 12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA) stimulation (100nM). …


Atraumatic Hamstring Tendon Rupture Causes Massive Lower Extremity Pyomyositis; Initially Read As Neoplasm, Anthony Cappellino, David Sevitski May 2023

Atraumatic Hamstring Tendon Rupture Causes Massive Lower Extremity Pyomyositis; Initially Read As Neoplasm, Anthony Cappellino, David Sevitski

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Pyomyositis is a rare bacterial infection of skeletal muscle resulting in pain, tenderness, fever, and abscess formation, most commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus. Risks factors of pyomyositis include muscle trauma, skin infection, injections, and diabetes. Pyomyositis arises from hematogenous seeding predominately affecting immunocompromised patients in moderate climates.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53 year old female with a past medical history of HTN, HLD, OSA, and obesity initially presented to her PCP with atraumatic right sided lower back pain. The PCP referred the patient for x-ray imaging at L5-S1 that came back negative for fracture. Two weeks after the patient’s initial …


The Effects Of Mitoquinone On Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries In H9c2 Cells, Brittany Ott, Juliet Melnik, Meagan Lyons, Kimberly Dowes, Gurpreet Kaur, Lindon H. Young, Robert J. Barsotti, Qian Chen May 2023

The Effects Of Mitoquinone On Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries In H9c2 Cells, Brittany Ott, Juliet Melnik, Meagan Lyons, Kimberly Dowes, Gurpreet Kaur, Lindon H. Young, Robert J. Barsotti, Qian Chen

Research Day

Introduction:

Reperfusion to an ischemic myocardium could result in damage termed myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major factor in I/R injury, producing less ATP and generating more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is an antioxidant that highly accumulates in the mitochondria. However, the dose-response effects and underlying mechanisms of MitoQ on simulated I/R injury have not been well established.

Objectives:

We hypothesized that H9c2 myoblast cells would be damaged by simulated I/R. Moreover, MitoQ would attenuate myocardial injury, characterized by increased cell viability, compared to non-treated control.

Methods:

The H9c2 myoblast cells (less than 20 passages) …


Protein Kinase C Beta Ii Inhibitor Combined With Conjugated Myristic Acid And Trans-Activator Of Transcription Achieves Cardiovascular Protection In Porcine Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Model, Juliet M. Melnik, Kayla Harrell, Arjun Nair, Desmond Boakye Tanoh, Sunit G. Singh, Emily Andrews, Tameka C. Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young May 2023

Protein Kinase C Beta Ii Inhibitor Combined With Conjugated Myristic Acid And Trans-Activator Of Transcription Achieves Cardiovascular Protection In Porcine Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Model, Juliet M. Melnik, Kayla Harrell, Arjun Nair, Desmond Boakye Tanoh, Sunit G. Singh, Emily Andrews, Tameka C. Dean, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction

While timely reperfusion is critical during resuscitation of ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress still leads to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and ultimately, cardiomyocyte death. The major targets for mitigating oxidative stress are NADPH oxidase (NOX-2) and mitochondria, which are both activated by Protein Kinase C Beta II (PKCβII). In previous studies with an ex-vivo rat heart I/R model, Myristic Acid (Myr) and Trans-Activator Transcription (Tat) conjugated PKCβII inhibitor (Myr-Tat-PKCβII-; N-Myr-Tat-CC-SLNPEWNET) showed cardioprotective effects and a decrease in infarct area. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of Myr-Tat-PKCβII- in comparison with a scrambled peptide control.

Methods

Regional I(1 hour)/R(3 hours) …


Assessment Of Attitudes And Knowledge Of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Amongst Neurosurgeons, Devin Kolmetzky, Dillon B. Gooder, Evan Polly, Sarah Glisan, Zein Al-Atrache, Clint Badger, Steven Yocom, Alan Turtz, Donald Allison May 2023

Assessment Of Attitudes And Knowledge Of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Amongst Neurosurgeons, Devin Kolmetzky, Dillon B. Gooder, Evan Polly, Sarah Glisan, Zein Al-Atrache, Clint Badger, Steven Yocom, Alan Turtz, Donald Allison

Research Day

Introduction: Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) is highly researched and integrated into many medical and surgical subspecialties. Though OMM has been shown to have benefits in treating non-specific cervical and lower back pain and managing post-operative pain, it has rarely been integrated or studied in the neurosurgical community.

Method: Using SurveyMonkey, a survey was dispersed to physicians of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS). Information collected included the provider’s type of practice, degree type (MD vs. DO), familiarity with the tenets of OMM, frequency of referral/use of OMM, comfort level with OMM as a non-surgical pre-op option, a post-op pain …


Building Inclusive And Welcoming Student Health Centers For Transgender Students, Corey N. Brisseau, Peter J. Ehrig, Erika L. Thomas, Sherry Mendez May 2023

Building Inclusive And Welcoming Student Health Centers For Transgender Students, Corey N. Brisseau, Peter J. Ehrig, Erika L. Thomas, Sherry Mendez

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

While health, wellness, and healthcare are essential to every human being, not much is known about the health and healthcare experiences of transgender students on college campuses. Understanding these healthcare experiences are important because when we recognize them, we can establish a healthy relationship of trust. There is a growing number of transgender students on West Chester University campus, who felt they were not getting the appropriate support and care. As a result, a project was started at student health services to help transgender students effectively access sensitive and welcoming care and support.

METHODS:

To address the needs of …


Attitudes And Practice Patterns In The Use Of Omm In Patients With Serious Illness, Corey N. Brisseau, Brenda L. Hoffman, Nicol E. Joseph, Lauren Noto-Bell, Stephanie H. Felgoise, Michael Srulevich May 2023

Attitudes And Practice Patterns In The Use Of Omm In Patients With Serious Illness, Corey N. Brisseau, Brenda L. Hoffman, Nicol E. Joseph, Lauren Noto-Bell, Stephanie H. Felgoise, Michael Srulevich

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

In addition to evidence-based medicine, the osteopathic approach to person-centered care consists of the osteopathic philosophy of integrated structure and function and applying manual techniques to treat somatic dysfunction. Known collectively as Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM), this approach can be utilized when treating patients with both chronic and acute conditions; however, there is limited data on how often or to what extent OMM is used to treat pain and other symptoms in patients facing serious or life-limiting illnesses.

METHODS:

A voluntary, anonymous survey was created to capture the practice patterns and attitudes of osteopathic physicians, regardless of specialty, in …