Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Enhanced 3d Visualization Of Human Fallopian Tube Morphology Using A Miniature Optical Coherence Tomography Catheter, Hongbo Luo, Shuying Li, Sitai Kou, Yixiao Lin, Ian S Hagemann, Quing Zhu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We demonstrate the use of our miniature optical coherence tomography catheter to acquire three-dimensional human fallopian tube images. Images of the fallopian tube's tissue morphology, vasculature, and tissue heterogeneity distribution are enhanced by adaptive thresholding, masking, and intensity inverting, making it easier to differentiate malignant tissue from normal tissue. The results show that normal fallopian tubes tend to have rich vasculature accompanied by a patterned tissue scattering background, features that do not appear in malignant cases. This finding suggests that miniature OCT catheters may have great potential for fast optical biopsy of the fallopian tube.

Ethanolaminephosphate Cytidylyltransferase Is Essential For Survival, Lipid Homeostasis And Stress Tolerance In Leishmania Major, Somrita Basu, Mattie C. Pawlowic, Fong-Fu Hsu, Geoff Thomas, Kai Zhang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Glycerophospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are vital components of biological membranes. Trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania can acquire PE and PC via de novo synthesis and the uptake/remodeling of host lipids. In this study, we investigated the ethanolaminephosphate cytidylyltransferase (EPCT) in Leishmania major, which is the causative agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis. EPCT is a key enzyme in the ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway which is responsible for the de novo synthesis of PE. Our results demonstrate that L. major EPCT is a cytosolic protein capable of catalyzing the formation of CDP-ethanolamine from ethanolamine-phosphate and cytidine triphosphate. …

Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With Unresectable Primary Liver Cancer Treated With Mr-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Six-Year Experience, Re-I Chin, Joshua P Schiff, Anirudh Bommireddy, Kylie H Kang, Neal Andruska, Alexander T Price, Olga L Green, Yi Huang, Kevin Korenblat, Parag J Parikh, Jefferey Olsen, Pamela P Samson, Lauren E Henke, Hyun Kim, Shahed N Badiyan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (MRgSBRT) with optional online adaptation has shown promise in delivering ablative doses to unresectable primary liver cancer. However, there remain limited data on the indications for online adaptation as well as dosimetric and longer-term clinical outcomes following MRgSBRT.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and combined biphenotypic hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) who completed MRgSBRT to 50 Gy in 5 fractions between June of 2015 and December of 2021 were analyzed. The necessity of adaptive techniques was evaluated. The cumulative incidence of local progression was evaluated and survival and competing risk …

Multiparametric Immunoimaging Maps Inflammatory Signatures In Murine Myocardial Infarction Models, Alexander Maier, Gyu Seong Heo, Robert J Gropler, Yongjian Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In the past 2 decades, research on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has uncovered inflammation to be a key driver of the pathophysiological process. A pressing need therefore exists to quantitatively and longitudinally probe inflammation, in preclinical models and in cardiovascular disease patients, ideally using non-invasive methods and at multiple levels. Here, we developed and employed

Rapid And Sustained Improvements In Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment Scores With Spesolimab For Treatment Of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Flares In The Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Effisayil 1 Study, Boni E Elewski, Mark G Lebwohl, Milan J Anadkat, Jonathan Barker, Kamran Ghoreschi, Shinichi Imafuku, Ulrich Mrowietz, Ling Li, Manuel Quaresma, Christian Thoma, Hervé Bachelez

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Effisayil 1 was a randomized, placebo-controlled study of spesolimab, which is an anti-IL-36 receptor antibody, in patients presenting with a generalized pustular psoriasis flare.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of spesolimab over the 12-week study.

METHODS: The primary endpoint of the study was Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) pustulation subscore of 0 at week 1. Patients (N = 53) were randomized (2:1) to receive a single intravenous dose of 900 mg spesolimab or placebo on day 1. Patients could receive open-label spesolimab for persistent flare symptoms on day 8.

RESULTS: Most patients receiving spesolimab achieved a GPPGA …

Characteristics Of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension From An Innovative, Comprehensive Real-World Patient Data Repository, Harrison W Farber, Murali M Chakinala, Michelle Cho, Robert P Frantz, Andrew Frick, Lisa Lancaster, Scott Milligan, Ronald Oudiz, Sumeet Panjabi, Yuen Tsang, Steven D Nathan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, life-limiting disease. PAH registries provide real-world data that complement clinical trial data and inform treatment decisions. The TRIO comprehensive, integrated patient data repository (TRIO CIPDR), is an innovative US repository capturing data on contemporary patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and receiving US Food and Drug Administration-approved PAH therapies. This repository uniquely combines clinical data from electronic medical records with the ability to track drug-prescription and drug-dispensing characteristics, and includes 946 adult patients with PAH (data collected January 2019 to December 2020) enrolled from nine representative US specialist tertiary care centers. Potentially eligible patients …

Glp-1r Agonists Demonstrate Potential To Treat Wolfram Syndrome In Human Preclinical Models, Vyron Gorgogietas, Cris Brown, Fumihiko Urano, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene. It is characterised by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, hearing loss and neurodegeneration. Considering the unmet treatment need for this orphan disease, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists under wolframin (WFS1) deficiency with a particular focus on human beta cells and neurons.

METHODS: The effect of the GLP-1R agonists dulaglutide and exenatide was examined in Wfs1 knockout mice and in an array of human preclinical models of Wolfram syndrome, including WFS1-deficient …

Coping Strategies And Symptoms Of Mental Health Disorders Among People With Hiv Initiating Hiv Care In Cameroon, Angela M Parcesepe, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Amanda Gomez, Peter Vanes Ebasone, Anastase Dzudie, Brian W Pence, Milton Wainberg, Marcel Yotebieng, Kathryn Anastos, Eric Pefura-Yone, Denis Nsame, Rogers Ajeh, Denis Nash

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Little is known about the coping strategies used among people with HIV (PWH), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and the extent to which adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies are associated with symptoms of mental health disorders. We interviewed 426 PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon and reported the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, overall and by presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Log binominal regression was used to estimate the association between each type of coping strategy (adaptive or maladaptive) and symptoms of each mental health disorder, separately. Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were commonly reported among …

Apolipoprotein E O-Glycosylation Is Associated With Amyloid Plaques And Apoe Genotype, Paige E Lawler, James G Bollinger, Suzanne E Schindler, Cynthia R Hodge, Nicolas J Iglesias, Vishal Krishnan, John B Coulton, Yan Li, David M Holtzman, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Although the APOE ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), the relationship between apolipoprotein (apoE) and AD pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Relatively little is known about the apoE protein species, including post-translational modifications, that exist in the human periphery and CNS. To better understand these apoE species, we developed a LC-MS/MS assay that simultaneously quantifies both unmodified and O-glycosylated apoE peptides. The study cohort included 47 older individuals (age 75.6 ± 5.7 years [mean ± standard deviation]), including 23 individuals (49%) with cognitive impairment. Paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples underwent analysis. …

Complete Hydatidiform Mole With A Coexisting Viable Male Fetus Detected By Cell-Free Dna, Mackenzie Lemieux, Lauren Kus, Kali Stewart, Mai He, Jackson Rowe, Matthew Brady, Katherine Bligard, Megan Lawlor, Jeannie Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Complete hydatidiform mole with coexisting fetus (CHMCF) is rare, and diagnosis is challenging due to limited data. Here, we present the case of a patient with noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) resulting in "likely molar pregnancy" in the second trimester. Subsequent ultrasound confirmed a cystic appearing portion of the placenta. At 22 weeks, the patient delivered a demised fetus and two placentas. Pathology was consistent with CHMCF. This case is the first to show primary detection of a CHMCF with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based NIPT prior to ultrasound identification. Our case suggests the use of SNP-based NIPT as an alternative noninvasive method …

Provider Perspectives On Patient-Centredness: Participatory Formative Research And Rapid Analysis Methods To Inform The Design And Implementation Of A Facility-Based Hiv Care Improvement Intervention In Zambia, Chanda Mwamba, Laura K Beres, Njekwa Mukamba, Lazarus Jere, Marksman Foloko, Kasapo Lumbo, Kombatende Sikombe, Sandra Simbeza, Aaloke Mody, Jake M Pry, Charles B Holmes, Izukanji Sikazwe, Carolyn Bolton Moore, Katerina Christopoulos, Anjali Sharma, Elvin H Geng

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Implementation of patient-centred care (PCC) practices in HIV treatment depends on healthcare workers' (HCWs) perceptions of the acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of such practices (e.g. use of intentional, metric-driven activities to improve patient experiences).

METHODS: We applied rapid, rigorous formative research methods to refine a PCC intervention for future trial. In 2018, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with 46 HCWs purposefully selected from two pilot sites. We elicited HCW perceptions of HIV service delivery, HCW motivation and perceived value of patient experience measures intended to improve PCC. FGDs utilized participatory methods to understand HCW responses to patient-reported care …

Institute For Global Health And Development : Issue 5 - July 2023, Institute For Global Health And Development

IGHD Newsletters

• Research Highlights
• Key Publications
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• ‘Choice’ Programme - Technical Advisory Group
• Welcome New Team Members
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Child And Adolescent Psychiatrists’ Use, Attitudes, And Understanding Of Genetic Testing And Pharmacogenetics In Clinical Practice, Takahiro Soda, Amanda R Merner, Brent J Small, Laura N Torgerson, Katrina Muñoz, Jehannine Austin, Eric A Storch, Stacey Pereira, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

The purpose of this study was to report current practices and attitudes of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) regarding diagnostic genetic and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing. We surveyed 958 US-based practicing CAP. 54.9% of respondents indicated that they had ordered/referred for a genetic test in the past 12 months. 87% of respondents agreed that it is their role to discuss genetic information regarding psychiatric conditions with their patients; however, 45% rated their knowledge of genetic testing practice guidelines as poor/very poor. The most ordered test was PGx (32.2%), followed by chromosomal microarray (23.0%). 73.4% reported that PGx is at least slightly …

Mindfulness And Cognitive Emotion Regulation In Pediatric Misophonia, Samuel D Spencer, Andrew G Guzick, Matti Cervin, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance of ordinary human-generated trigger sounds and associated visual stimuli (e.g., chewing, sniffing, lip smacking), coupled with intense affective reactions. The disorder often begins during childhood or adolescence and is associated with impairment and distress in numerous life domains. Research has begun to examine the underlying psychological mechanisms of misophonia in adults, but studies in youth are limited. Trait mindfulness (i.e., nonjudgmental and nonavoidant present-moment awareness) and cognitive emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive processing, or responding to, emotionally arousing situations) are two proposed mechanisms that may underpin pediatric misophonia and associated functional impairment. In the present …

A Motor Association Area In The Depths Of The Central Sulcus, Michael A Jensen, Harvey Huang, Gabriela Ojeda Valencia, Bryan T Klassen, Max A Van Den Boom, Timothy J Kaufmann, Gerwin Schalk, Peter Brunner, Gregory A Worrell, Dora Hermes, Kai J Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cells in the precentral gyrus directly send signals to the periphery to generate movement and are principally organized as a topological map of the body. We find that movement-induced electrophysiological responses from depth electrodes extend this map three-dimensionally throughout the gyrus. Unexpectedly, this organization is interrupted by a previously undescribed motor association area in the depths of the midlateral aspect of the central sulcus. This 'Rolandic motor association' (RMA) area is active during movements of different body parts from both sides of the body and may be important for coordinating complex behaviors.

Multicenter Randomized Trial Of Carpal Tunnel Release With Ultrasound Guidance Versus Mini-Open Technique, Kyle R Eberlin, Benjamin P Amis, Thomas P Berkbigler, Christopher J Dy, Mark D Fischer, James L Gluck, F Thomas D Kaplan, Thomas J Mcdonald, Larry E Miller, Alexander Palmer, Paul E Perry, Marc E Walker, James F Watt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Comparative studies of carpal tunnel release with ultrasound guidance (CTR-US) vs. mini-open CTR (mOCTR) are limited, prompting development of this randomized trial to compare efficacy and safety of these techniques.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients were randomized (2:1) to CTR-US or mOCTR, treated by experienced hand surgeons (median previous cases: 12 CTR-US; 1000 mOCTR), and followed for 3 months.

RESULTS: Among 149 randomized patients, 122 received CTR-US (

CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy and safety of CTR-US were comparable to mOCTR despite less previous surgical experience with CTR-US. The choice of CTR technique should be determined by shared decision-making between patient …

Epigenetic Reprogramming Of Cell Cycle Genes By Ack1 Promotes Breast Cancer Resistance To Cdk4/6 Inhibitor, Mithila Sawant, Audrey Wilson, Dhivya Sridaran, Kiran Mahajan, Christopher J O'Conor, Ian S Hagemann, Jingqin Luo, Cody Weimholt, Tiandao Li, Juan Carlos Roa, Akhilesh Pandey, Xinyan Wu, Nupam P Mahajan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancers exhibit high sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, most patients inevitably develop resistance, thus identification of new actionable therapeutic targets to overcome the recurrent disease is an urgent need. Immunohistochemical studies of tissue microarray revealed increased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2) in most of the breast cancer subtypes, independent of their hormone receptor status. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the nuclear target of activated ACK1, pY88-H4 epigenetic marks, were deposited at cell cycle genes, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20, which in turn initiated their efficient transcription. Pharmacological inhibition …

An Atlas Of Healthy And Injured Cell States And Niches In The Human Kidney, Blue B Lake, Amanda Knoten, Bo Zhang, Diane Salamon, Anitha Vijayan, Eric H Kim, Joseph P Gaut, Sanjay Jain, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Understanding kidney disease relies on defining the complexity of cell types and states, their associated molecular profiles and interactions within tissue neighbourhoods

Organization Of The Human Intestine At Single-Cell Resolution, John W Hickey, Zhengyan Zhang, Yiing Lin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The intestine is a complex organ that promotes digestion, extracts nutrients, participates in immune surveillance, maintains critical symbiotic relationships with microbiota and affects overall health

Esthesioneuroblastoma: Management Of The N0 Neck, Stephanie J. Youssef, Nyssa Fox Farrell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy that arises from the olfactory epithelium. The overall incidence of lymph node metastases is 25%. However, neck disease can present in a delayed fashion. As such, management of the clinically negative neck is controversial, with some advocating for elective neck treatment and others recommending observation with salvage treatment if necessary. At this time, no prospective head-to-head comparisons of elective versus salvage treatment have been performed.

Ibd Camp Oasis: A Look At Participants' Social-Emotional Well-Being And Protective Factors During Camp And Beyond, Namita Singh, Steven J Steiner, Rebecca Fauth, Danyel Moosmann, Janis Arnold, Abdul Elkadri, Daniel Marinoni, Laurel Molloy, Becky Johnson Rescola, Jeanne Tung, Elizabeth C Utterson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Camp Oasis is an annual week-long camp serving children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hosted by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation. Youth with IBD are at increased risk for mental health challenges, with Camp Oasis potentially mitigating these risks. The aim of this study is to measure change in and predictors of social-emotional well-being and protective factors of self-worth as a result of attending Camp Oasis.

METHODS: Between 2012 and 2019, a voluntary survey was administered to participants and their caregivers to reflect on their perceptions of social/emotional well-being and protective factors related to chronic disease.

RESULTS: A …

Toward Peripheral Nerve Mechanical Characterization Using Brillouin Imaging Spectroscopy, Vsevolod Cheburkanov, Junwei Du, David M. Brogan, Mikhail Y. Berezin, Vladislav V. Yakovlev

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SIGNIFICANCE: Peripheral nerves are viscoelastic tissues with unique elastic characteristics. Imaging of peripheral nerve elasticity is important in medicine, particularly in the context of nerve injury and repair. Elasticity imaging techniques provide information about the mechanical properties of peripheral nerves, which can be useful in identifying areas of nerve damage or compression, as well as assessing the success of nerve repair procedures.

AIM: We aim to assess the feasibility of Brillouin microspectroscopy for peripheral nerve imaging of elasticity, with the ultimate goal of developing a new diagnostic tool for peripheral nerve injury

APPROACH: Viscoelastic properties of the peripheral nerve were …

Helping Low-Income Smokers Quit: Findings From A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Specialized Quitline Services With And Without Social Needs Navigation, Matthew W Kreuter, Lauren M Grimes, Amy Mcqueen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Quitting smoking is especially challenging for low-income smokers due to high stress, high smoking prevalence around them, and limited support for quitting. This study aimed to determine whether any of three interventions designed specifically for low-income smokers would be more effective than standard tobacco quitline services: a specialized quitline, the specialized quitline with social needs navigation, or the standard quitline with social needs navigation.

METHODS: Using a randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, low-income daily cigarette smokers (n = 1944) in Missouri, USA who called a helpline seeking assistance with food, rent or other social needs were assigned to …

Abcc8-Related Monogenic Diabetes Presenting Like Type 1 Diabetes In An Adolescent, Alexandra E Grier, Janet B Mcgill, Sandra M Lord, Cate Speake, Carla Greenbaum, Chester E Chamberlain, Michael S German, Mark S Anderson, Irl B Hirsch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Identifying cases of diabetes caused by single gene mutations between the more common type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a difficult but important task. We report the diagnosis of ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 (ABCC8)-related monogenic diabetes in a 35-year-old woman with a protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele who was originally diagnosed with T1D at 18 years of age.

CASE REPORT: Patient A presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and hypertension at the age of 18 years and was found to have a blood glucose > 500 mg/dL (70-199 mg/dL) and an HbA1C (hemoglobin A1C) …

Nitric Oxide-Mediated S-Nitrosylation Of Iaa17 Protein In Intrinsically Disordered Region Represses Auxin Signaling, Hongwei Jing, Xiaolu Yang, Ryan J Emenecker, Jian Feng, Jian Zhang, Marcelo Rodrigues Alves De Figueiredo, Patarasuda Chaisupa, R Clay Wright, Alex S Holehouse, Lucia C Strader, Jianru Zuo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The phytohormone auxin plays crucial roles in nearly every aspect of plant growth and development. Auxin signaling is activated through the phytohormone-induced proteasomal degradation of the Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) family of transcriptional repressors. Notably, many auxin-modulated physiological processes are also regulated by nitric oxide (NO) that executes its biological effects predominantly through protein S-nitrosylation at specific cysteine residues. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms in regulating the interactive NO and auxin networks. Here, we show that NO represses auxin signaling by inhibiting IAA17 protein degradation. NO induces the S-nitrosylation of Cys-70 located in the intrinsically disordered region of …

A Geriatric Approach To Percutaneous Coronary Interventions In Older Adults, Part Ii: A Jacc: Advances Expert Panel, Michael G Nanna, Michael W Rich, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We review a comprehensive risk assessment approach for percutaneous coronary interventions in older adults and highlight the relevance of geriatric syndromes within that broader perspective to optimize patient-centered outcomes in interventional cardiology practice. Reflecting the influence of geriatric principles in older adults undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, we propose a "geriatric" heart team to incorporate the expertise of geriatric specialists in addition to the traditional heart team members, facilitate uptake of the geriatric risk assessment into the preprocedural risk assessment, and address ways to mitigate these geriatric risks. We also address goals of care in older adults, highlighting common priorities that …

An Rrna Fragment In Extracellular Vesicles Secreted By Human Airway Epithelial Cells Increases The Fluoroquinolone Sensitivity Of P. Aeruginosa, Katja Koeppen, Thomas H Hampton, Roxanna Barnaby, Carolyn Roche, Scott A Gerber, Young Ah Goo, Byoung-Kyu Cho, Danielle M Vermilyea, Deborah A Hogan, Bruce A Stanton

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Lung infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of

Delphi Consensus On Reporting Standards In Clinical Studies For Endovascular Treatment Of Acute Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis And Chronic Iliofemoral Venous Obstruction, Suresh Vedantham, Peter Gloviczki, Teresa L. Carman, Sandra Zelman Lewis, Peter A. Schneider, Saher S. Sabri, Raghu Kolluri

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction cause substantial patient harm and are increasingly managed with endovascular venous interventions, including percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and stent placement. However, studies of these treatment elements have not been designed and reported with sufficient rigor to support confident conclusions about their clinical utility. In this project, the Trustworthy consensus-based statement approach was utilized to develop, via a structured process, consensus-based statements to guide future investigators of venous interventions. Thirty statements were drafted to encompass major topics relevant to venous study description and design, safety outcome assessment, efficacy outcome assessment, and topics …

Call For Moral Recognition As Part Of Paediatric Assent, Jared Smith, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Ethical, Legal, And Social Implications Of Genomics Research: Implications For Building A More Racially Diverse Bioethics Workforce, Faith E Fletcher

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

No abstract provided.