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Articles 69871 - 69900 of 325188

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Surface Premelting Of Ice Far Below The Triple Point, Yulin Lin, Tao Zhou, Nathan D Rosenmann, Lei Yu, Thomas E Gage, Suvo Banik, Arnab Neogi, Henry Chan, Aiwen Lei, Xiao-Min Lin, Martin Holt, Ilke Arslan, Jianguo Wen Oct 2023

Surface Premelting Of Ice Far Below The Triple Point, Yulin Lin, Tao Zhou, Nathan D Rosenmann, Lei Yu, Thomas E Gage, Suvo Banik, Arnab Neogi, Henry Chan, Aiwen Lei, Xiao-Min Lin, Martin Holt, Ilke Arslan, Jianguo Wen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Premelting of ice, a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the surface below the melting temperature, was first postulated by Michael Faraday 160 y ago. Since then, it has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally through many techniques. Existing work has been performed predominantly on hexagonal ice, at conditions close to the triple point. Whether the same phenomenon can persist at much lower pressure and temperature, where stacking disordered ice sublimates directly into water vapor, remains unclear. Herein, we report direct observations of surface premelting on ice nanocrystals below the sublimation temperature using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Similar to what has been …


Anthocyanins: Molecular Aspects On Their Neuroprotective Activity, César A Zaa, Álvaro J Marcelo, Zhiqiang An, José L Medina-Franco, Marco A Velasco-Velázquez Oct 2023

Anthocyanins: Molecular Aspects On Their Neuroprotective Activity, César A Zaa, Álvaro J Marcelo, Zhiqiang An, José L Medina-Franco, Marco A Velasco-Velázquez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoids that give plants and fruits their vibrant colors. They are known for their potent antioxidant properties and have been linked to various health benefits. Upon consumption, anthocyanins are quickly absorbed and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Research based on population studies suggests that including anthocyanin-rich sources in the diet lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Anthocyanins exhibit neuroprotective effects that could potentially alleviate symptoms associated with such diseases. In this review, we compiled and discussed a large body of evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of anthocyanins. Our examination encompasses human studies, animal models, …


Integrating Glenohumeral Range Of Motion With Dynamic Postural Control For Early Detection Of Elbow Injury Risk In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Prospective Case Series, Brent A. Harper, Luke J. Bailey, Mikayla N. Jones, Joseph Bradley Oct 2023

Integrating Glenohumeral Range Of Motion With Dynamic Postural Control For Early Detection Of Elbow Injury Risk In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Prospective Case Series, Brent A. Harper, Luke J. Bailey, Mikayla N. Jones, Joseph Bradley

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction: Medial elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are common in baseball with increased surgical incidence in pitchers. There is no consensus on which modifiable injury risk metrics or performance screening tools to use to identify at risk collegiate baseball pitchers. Current literature on UCL injury risk has focused on local passive glenohumeral rotational motion with limited forays into more global movement patterns. The aim of this study was to assess possible relationships involving UCL injuries and modifiable local and global motor control performance risk factors. Material and Methods: An observational single cohort case series involving 15 collegiate …


Longitudinal Associations Of Dietary Fiber Intake With Glycated Hemoglobin And Estimated Insulin Sensitivity In Adults With And Without Type 1 Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Andrew Hooyman, Leigh Ann Richardson, Amy C. Alman, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon Oct 2023

Longitudinal Associations Of Dietary Fiber Intake With Glycated Hemoglobin And Estimated Insulin Sensitivity In Adults With And Without Type 1 Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Andrew Hooyman, Leigh Ann Richardson, Amy C. Alman, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Dietary fiber, an essential bioactive compound in plant-based diets, is of public health concern based on habitual low intakes in the general population. Not much data are available on how habitual dietary fiber is associated with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as in prediabetes and normoglycemic adults. To address this gap, we conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of an original cohort in adults with and without T1D (n = 1255; T1D: n = 563; non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM): n = 692). Dietary data were collected from a validated food frequency questionnaire, biochemical measures were obtained after an …


Constitutive Interleukin-7 Cytokine Signaling Enhances The Persistence Of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific T-Cells, Sandhya Sharma, Tim Sauer, Bilal A Omer, Thomas Shum, Lisa A Rollins, Cliona M Rooney Oct 2023

Constitutive Interleukin-7 Cytokine Signaling Enhances The Persistence Of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific T-Cells, Sandhya Sharma, Tim Sauer, Bilal A Omer, Thomas Shum, Lisa A Rollins, Cliona M Rooney

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The efficacy of therapeutic T-cells is limited by a lack of positive signals and excess inhibitory signaling in tumor microenvironments. We previously showed that a constitutively active IL7 receptor (C7R) enhanced the persistence, expansion, and anti-tumor activity of T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and C7R-modified GD2.CAR T-cells are currently undergoing clinical trials. To determine if the C7R could also enhance the activity of T-cells recognizing tumors via their native T-cell receptors (TCRs), we evaluated its effects in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-specific T-cells (EBVSTs) that have produced clinical benefits in patients with EBV-associated malignancies. EBVSTs were generated by stimulation of peripheral …


Early Antibody Treatment, Inflammation, And Risk Of Post-Covid Conditions, Kelly A Gebo, Sonya L Heath, Yuriko Fukuta, Xianming Zhu, Sheriza Baksh, Allison G Abraham, Feben Habtehyimer, David Shade, Jessica Ruff, Malathi Ram, Oliver Laeyendecker, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Eshan U Patel, Owen R Baker, Shmuel Shoham, Edward R Cachay, Judith S Currier, Jonathan M Gerber, Barry Meisenberg, Donald N Forthal, Laura L Hammitt, Moises A Huaman, Adam Levine, Giselle S Mosnaim, Bela Patel, James H Paxton, Jay S Raval, Catherine G Sutcliffe, Shweta Anjan, Thomas Gniadek, Seble Kassaye, Janis E Blair, Karen Lane, Nichol A Mcbee, Amy L Gawad, Piyali Das, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Evan M Bloch, Daniel Hanley, Arturo Casadevall, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan, Cssc-004 Consortium Oct 2023

Early Antibody Treatment, Inflammation, And Risk Of Post-Covid Conditions, Kelly A Gebo, Sonya L Heath, Yuriko Fukuta, Xianming Zhu, Sheriza Baksh, Allison G Abraham, Feben Habtehyimer, David Shade, Jessica Ruff, Malathi Ram, Oliver Laeyendecker, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Eshan U Patel, Owen R Baker, Shmuel Shoham, Edward R Cachay, Judith S Currier, Jonathan M Gerber, Barry Meisenberg, Donald N Forthal, Laura L Hammitt, Moises A Huaman, Adam Levine, Giselle S Mosnaim, Bela Patel, James H Paxton, Jay S Raval, Catherine G Sutcliffe, Shweta Anjan, Thomas Gniadek, Seble Kassaye, Janis E Blair, Karen Lane, Nichol A Mcbee, Amy L Gawad, Piyali Das, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Evan M Bloch, Daniel Hanley, Arturo Casadevall, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan, Cssc-004 Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Post-COVID conditions (PCCs) are common and have significant morbidity. Risk factors for PCC include advancing age, female sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Little is known about treatment, inflammation, and PCC. Among 882 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection participating in a randomized trial of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) vs control plasma with available biospecimens and symptom data, the association between early CCP treatment, cytokine levels, and PCC was evaluated. Cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed at baseline, day 14, and day 90 using a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay (Meso Scale Discovery). Presence of any self-reported PCC symptoms was assessed at day 90. …


Ethnobotanical Survey Of Medicinal Plants Used In The Management Of Cancer In Uganda, John Baptist Asiimwe, Prakash B. Nagendrappa, Esther C. Atukunda, Ivan Kahwa, Lina S. Mathew Alonga, Clement O. Ajayi, Casim U. Tolo, Patrick E. Ogwang, Maud M. Kamatenesi Oct 2023

Ethnobotanical Survey Of Medicinal Plants Used In The Management Of Cancer In Uganda, John Baptist Asiimwe, Prakash B. Nagendrappa, Esther C. Atukunda, Ivan Kahwa, Lina S. Mathew Alonga, Clement O. Ajayi, Casim U. Tolo, Patrick E. Ogwang, Maud M. Kamatenesi

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: Patients with cancer in Africa embrace the use of herbal medicine more than anywhere else in the world. This study identified and documented medicinal plant species used to manage cancer in ten (10) districts of Uganda.

Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022. In total, 18 (out of 55) traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) having more than 10 years of experience in managing patients with cancer were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Family importance value (FIV) indices were also computed. …


Food Insecurity Increases Risk Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women In Senegal Living With Diabetes And/Or Hypertension, Rachel P Allred, Ndèye Aminata Mbaye, Fatoumata Diagne, Sheryl A Mccurdy, Melissa B Harrell, Emma Nelson Bunkley Oct 2023

Food Insecurity Increases Risk Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women In Senegal Living With Diabetes And/Or Hypertension, Rachel P Allred, Ndèye Aminata Mbaye, Fatoumata Diagne, Sheryl A Mccurdy, Melissa B Harrell, Emma Nelson Bunkley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Food insecurity affects close to half the population of Senegal, West Africa, a country simultaneously affected by the ongoing global diabetes pandemic. Diabetes and food insecurity are associated with adverse mental health, yet research exploring the relationship between chronic physical illness, food insecurity, and mental illness in Senegal is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and depression and anxiety, separately, in Senegalese women living with diabetes and hypertension. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Modified Hopkins …


Impact Of Supportive Housing Program Services On Loneliness And Well-Being Among Previously Homeless Individuals, Ashwini Kamath Mulki Md, Mbbs, Mph, Autumn Kieber-Emmons Md, Mph, Kyle Shaak Bs, Roya Hamadani Mph, Nicole M. Burgess, Abby S. Letcher Md, Sherri Brokopp-Binder, Benjamin Stephens, Sherief Elrafei Oct 2023

Impact Of Supportive Housing Program Services On Loneliness And Well-Being Among Previously Homeless Individuals, Ashwini Kamath Mulki Md, Mbbs, Mph, Autumn Kieber-Emmons Md, Mph, Kyle Shaak Bs, Roya Hamadani Mph, Nicole M. Burgess, Abby S. Letcher Md, Sherri Brokopp-Binder, Benjamin Stephens, Sherief Elrafei

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.


Advancements In Dendritic Cell Vaccination: Enhancing Efficacy And Optimizing Combinatorial Strategies For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Robert Subtirelu, Eric Teichner, Arjun Ashok, Chitra Parikh, Sahithi Talasila, Irina-Mihaela Matache, Ahab Alnemri, Victoria Anderson, Osmaan Shahid, Sricharvi Mannam, Andrew Lee, Thomas Werner, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Abass Alavi Oct 2023

Advancements In Dendritic Cell Vaccination: Enhancing Efficacy And Optimizing Combinatorial Strategies For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Robert Subtirelu, Eric Teichner, Arjun Ashok, Chitra Parikh, Sahithi Talasila, Irina-Mihaela Matache, Ahab Alnemri, Victoria Anderson, Osmaan Shahid, Sricharvi Mannam, Andrew Lee, Thomas Werner, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Abass Alavi

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly invasive, malignant primary brain tumors. The overall prognosis is poor, and management of GBMs remains a formidable challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies such as dendritic cell vaccinations (DCVs). While many early clinical trials demonstrate an induction of an antitumoral immune response, outcomes are mixed and dependent on numerous factors that vary between trials. Optimization of DCVs is essential; the selection of GBM-specific antigens and the utilization of 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) may add significant value and ultimately improve outcomes for patients undergoing treatment for glioblastoma. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of …


Braf Inhibitors In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer And Mechanisms Of Resistance: A Review Of The Literature, Patricia Guerrero, Víctor Albarrán, María San Román, Carlos González-Merino, Coral García De Quevedo, Jaime Moreno, Juan Carlos Calvo, Guillermo González, Inmaculada Orejana, Jesús Chamorro, Íñigo Martínez-Delfrade, Blanca Morón, Belén De Frutos, María Reyes Ferreiro Oct 2023

Braf Inhibitors In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer And Mechanisms Of Resistance: A Review Of The Literature, Patricia Guerrero, Víctor Albarrán, María San Román, Carlos González-Merino, Coral García De Quevedo, Jaime Moreno, Juan Carlos Calvo, Guillermo González, Inmaculada Orejana, Jesús Chamorro, Íñigo Martínez-Delfrade, Blanca Morón, Belén De Frutos, María Reyes Ferreiro

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with mutated BRAF exhibits distinct biological and molecular features that set it apart from other subtypes of CRC. Current standard treatment for these tumors involves a combination of chemotherapy (CT) and VEGF inhibitors. Recently, targeted therapy against BRAF and immunotherapy (IT) for cases with microsatellite instability (MSI) have been integrated into clinical practice. While targeted therapy has shown promising results, resistance to treatment eventually develops in a significant portion of responsive patients. This article aims to review the available literature on mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis) and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome them.


A Small-Molecule Inhibitor Of Topbp1 Exerts Anti-Myc Activity And Synergy With Parp Inhibitors, Fang-Tsyr Lin, Kang Liu, Lidija A Wilhelms Garan, Helena Folly-Kossi, Yongcheng Song, Shwu-Jiuan Lin, Weei-Chin Lin Oct 2023

A Small-Molecule Inhibitor Of Topbp1 Exerts Anti-Myc Activity And Synergy With Parp Inhibitors, Fang-Tsyr Lin, Kang Liu, Lidija A Wilhelms Garan, Helena Folly-Kossi, Yongcheng Song, Shwu-Jiuan Lin, Weei-Chin Lin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We have previously identified TopBP1 (topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1) as a promising target for cancer therapy, given its role in the convergence of Rb, PI(3)K/Akt, and p53 pathways. Based on this, we conducted a large-scale molecular docking screening to identify a small-molecule inhibitor that specifically targets the BRCT7/8 domains of TopBP1, which we have named 5D4. Our studies show that 5D4 inhibits TopBP1 interactions with E2F1, mutant p53, and Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A. This leads to the activation of E2F1-mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of mutant p53 gain of function. In addition, 5D4 disrupts the interaction of TopBP1 …


Correction: Microrna 603 Acts As A Tumor Suppressor And Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis By Targeting Elongation Factor 2 Kinase, Recep Bayraktar, Martin Pichler, Pinar Kanlikilicer, Cristina Ivan, Emine Bayraktar, Nermin Kahraman, Burcu Aslan, Serpil Oguztuzun, Mustafa Ulasli, Ahmet Arslan, George Calin, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Bulent Ozpolat Oct 2023

Correction: Microrna 603 Acts As A Tumor Suppressor And Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis By Targeting Elongation Factor 2 Kinase, Recep Bayraktar, Martin Pichler, Pinar Kanlikilicer, Cristina Ivan, Emine Bayraktar, Nermin Kahraman, Burcu Aslan, Serpil Oguztuzun, Mustafa Ulasli, Ahmet Arslan, George Calin, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Bulent Ozpolat

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.


Toll-Like Receptor 4 And Cd11b Expressed On Microglia Coordinate Eradication Of Candida Albicans Cerebral Mycosis, Yifan Wu, Shuqi Du, Lynn H Bimler, Kelsey E Mauk, Léa Lortal, Nessim Kichik, James S Griffiths, Radim Osicka, Lizhen Song, Katherine Polsky, Lydia Kasper, Peter Sebo, Jill Weatherhead, J Morgan Knight, Farrah Kheradmand, Hui Zheng, Jonathan P Richardson, Bernhard Hube, Julian R Naglik, David B Corry Oct 2023

Toll-Like Receptor 4 And Cd11b Expressed On Microglia Coordinate Eradication Of Candida Albicans Cerebral Mycosis, Yifan Wu, Shuqi Du, Lynn H Bimler, Kelsey E Mauk, Léa Lortal, Nessim Kichik, James S Griffiths, Radim Osicka, Lizhen Song, Katherine Polsky, Lydia Kasper, Peter Sebo, Jill Weatherhead, J Morgan Knight, Farrah Kheradmand, Hui Zheng, Jonathan P Richardson, Bernhard Hube, Julian R Naglik, David B Corry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is linked to chronic brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular basis of brain anti-Candida immunity remains unknown. We show that C. albicans enters the mouse brain from the blood and induces two neuroimmune sensing mechanisms involving secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) and candidalysin. Saps disrupt tight junction proteins of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to permit fungal brain invasion. Saps also hydrolyze amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloid β (Aβ)-like peptides that bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and promote fungal killing in vitro while candidalysin engages the integrin CD11b (Mac-1) on microglia. …


Daily Fosfomycin Versus Levofloxacin For Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Nadine Rouphael, Patricia Winokur, Michael C Keefer, Jessica Traenkner, Ana Drobeniuc, Yohei Doi, Sonal Munsiff, Vance G Fowler, Scott Evans, Randolph E Oler, Bonifride Tuyishimire, Marina Lee, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Henry F Chambers Oct 2023

Daily Fosfomycin Versus Levofloxacin For Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Nadine Rouphael, Patricia Winokur, Michael C Keefer, Jessica Traenkner, Ana Drobeniuc, Yohei Doi, Sonal Munsiff, Vance G Fowler, Scott Evans, Randolph E Oler, Bonifride Tuyishimire, Marina Lee, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Henry F Chambers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Concerns over resistance and safety have been identified in the current treatment regimen for complicated urinary tract infections. Fosfomycin is a drug that is routinely used for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis. This study shows that fosfomycin could be an oral alternative as step-down therapy for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, with a clinical cure rate comparable to levofloxacin but a lower microbiological success rate 3 weeks from start of antibiotics.


Tgf-Β1 In Aplysia: Role In Long-Term Changes In The Excitability Of Sensory Neurons And Distribution Of Tβr-Ii-Like Immunoreactivity, Muhammad S Khan, Eun Kim, Quentin Le Hingrat, Adam Kleinman, Alessandro Ferrari, Jose C Sammartino, Elena Percivalle, Cuiling Xu, Shaohua Huang, Thomas W Kenniston, Irene Cassaniti, Fausto Baldanti, Ivona Pandrea, Andrea Gambotto, Cristian Apetrei Oct 2023

Tgf-Β1 In Aplysia: Role In Long-Term Changes In The Excitability Of Sensory Neurons And Distribution Of Tβr-Ii-Like Immunoreactivity, Muhammad S Khan, Eun Kim, Quentin Le Hingrat, Adam Kleinman, Alessandro Ferrari, Jose C Sammartino, Elena Percivalle, Cuiling Xu, Shaohua Huang, Thomas W Kenniston, Irene Cassaniti, Fausto Baldanti, Ivona Pandrea, Andrea Gambotto, Cristian Apetrei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The study provides important insights into the immunogenicity and efficacy of a tetravalent protein subunit vaccine candidate against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses in nonhuman primates with controlled SIVagm infection and was able to generate Omicron variant-specific antibodies without specifically vaccinating with Omicron. These findings suggest that the tetravalent composition of the vaccine candidate could provide broad protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants while minimizing the risk of immune escape and the emergence of new variants. Additionally, the use of rhesus macaques with controlled SIVsab infection may better represent vaccine …


Ligand-Displaying Escherichia Coli Cells And Minicells For Programmable Delivery Of Toxic Payloads Via Type Iv Secretion Systems, Yang Grace Li, Kouhei Kishida, Natsumi Ogawa-Kishida, Peter J Christie Oct 2023

Ligand-Displaying Escherichia Coli Cells And Minicells For Programmable Delivery Of Toxic Payloads Via Type Iv Secretion Systems, Yang Grace Li, Kouhei Kishida, Natsumi Ogawa-Kishida, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are highly versatile macromolecular translocators and offer great potential for deployment as delivery systems for therapeutic intervention. One major T4SS subfamily, the conjugation machines, are well-adapted for delivery of DNA cargoes of interest to other bacteria or eukaryotic cells but generally exhibit modest transfer frequencies and lack specificity for target cells. Here, we tested the efficacy of a surface-displayed nanobody/antigen (Nb/Ag) pairing system to enhance the conjugative transfer of IncN (pKM101), IncF (F/pOX38), or IncP (RP4) plasmids, or of mobilizable plasmids including those encoding CRISPR/Cas9 systems (pCrispr), to targeted recipient cells. Escherichia coli donors …


Development Of A New Travellers’ Diarrhoea Clinical Severity Classification And Its Utility In Confirming Rifamycin-Sv Efficacy, Herbert L Dupont, June S Almenoff, Mansi S Jamindar, Enoch Bortey, Robert Steffen Oct 2023

Development Of A New Travellers’ Diarrhoea Clinical Severity Classification And Its Utility In Confirming Rifamycin-Sv Efficacy, Herbert L Dupont, June S Almenoff, Mansi S Jamindar, Enoch Bortey, Robert Steffen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: travellers' diarrhoea (TD) is frequently reported with incidence up to 40% in high-risk destinations. Previous studies showed that the number of loose stools alone is inadequate to holistically predict the severity of TD. To improve the prediction of prognosis and to optimize treatments, a simple risk-based clinical severity classification has been developed.

METHODS: pooled baseline data of signs and symptoms and number of loose stools from 1098 subjects enrolled in two double-blind Phase 3 trials of rifamycin-SV were analyzed with correlation, multiple correspondence analyses, prognostic factor criteria, and Contal and O'Quigley method to generate a TD severity classification (mild, …


The Uncharted Role Of Her2 Mutant Alleles In Breast Cancer, Rashi Kalra, Bora Lim, Matthew J Ellis, Shyam M Kavuri Oct 2023

The Uncharted Role Of Her2 Mutant Alleles In Breast Cancer, Rashi Kalra, Bora Lim, Matthew J Ellis, Shyam M Kavuri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Somatic HER2 mutations are a novel class of therapeutic targets across different cancer types. Treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) neratinib as a single agent continues to be evaluated in HER2-mutant metastatic disease. However, responses are heterogeneous, with frequent early progression. Herein, we discuss the under-explored effects of individual HER2 mutant alleles on therapeutic response, a role for HER2 mutation in metastatic propensity, and differences in patient outcomes in ER+ invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) versus invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The preclinical efficacy of additional agents is also discussed, particularly the pan-HER inhibitor poziotinib.


Sdc1 And Itga2 As Novel Prognostic Biomarkers For Pdac Related To Ipmn, Chuan-Long Zhang, Qian Shen, Fu-Dong Liu, Fan Yang, Meng-Qi Gao, Xiao-Chen Jiang, Yi Li, Xi-Yuan Zhang, Ge-Er En, Xue Pan, Bo Pang Oct 2023

Sdc1 And Itga2 As Novel Prognostic Biomarkers For Pdac Related To Ipmn, Chuan-Long Zhang, Qian Shen, Fu-Dong Liu, Fan Yang, Meng-Qi Gao, Xiao-Chen Jiang, Yi Li, Xi-Yuan Zhang, Ge-Er En, Xue Pan, Bo Pang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The existing biomarkers are insufficient for predicting the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor to PDAC; therefore, identifying biomarkers from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PDAC and IPMN is a new and reliable strategy for predicting the prognosis of PDAC. In this study, four datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and standardized using the R package 'limma.' A total of 51 IPMN and 81 PDAC samples were analyzed, and 341 DEGs in PDAC and IPMN were identified; DEGs were involved in the extracellular matrix and tumor microenvironment. An acceptable …


The Influence Of Obesity On Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Blockade: Clinical Evidence And Potential Biological Mechanisms, Andrew W Hahn, Neha Venkatesh, Pavlos Msaouel, Jennifer L Mcquade Oct 2023

The Influence Of Obesity On Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Blockade: Clinical Evidence And Potential Biological Mechanisms, Andrew W Hahn, Neha Venkatesh, Pavlos Msaouel, Jennifer L Mcquade

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a mainstay of treatment for advanced cancer, yet tumor response and host toxicity are heterogenous in those patients who receive ICB. There is growing interest in understanding how host factors interact with tumor intrinsic properties and the tumor microenvironment to influence the therapeutic index with ICB. Obesity, defined by body mass index, is a host factor associated with improved outcomes in select cancers when treated with ICB. While the biological mechanism for this obesity paradox is not fully understood, pre-clinical and translational studies suggest obesity may potentially impact tumor metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Herein, we …


Returning Incidentally Discovered Hepatitis C Rna-Seq Results To Copdgene Study Participants, Edwin K Silverman, Arthur Y Kim, Barry J Make, Elizabeth A Regan, Jarrett D Morrow, Craig P Hersh, James O'Brien, James D Crapo, Nadia N Hansel, Gerard Criner, Eric L Flenaugh, Douglas Conrad, Richard Casaburi, Russell P Bowler, Nicola A Hanania, R Graham Barr, Surya P Bhatt, Frank C Sciurba, Antonio Anzueto, Meilan K Han, Charlene E Mcevoy, Alejandro P Comellas, Dawn L Demeo, Richard Rosiello, Jeffrey L Curtis, Tricia Uchida, Carla Wilson, P Pearl O'Rourke Oct 2023

Returning Incidentally Discovered Hepatitis C Rna-Seq Results To Copdgene Study Participants, Edwin K Silverman, Arthur Y Kim, Barry J Make, Elizabeth A Regan, Jarrett D Morrow, Craig P Hersh, James O'Brien, James D Crapo, Nadia N Hansel, Gerard Criner, Eric L Flenaugh, Douglas Conrad, Richard Casaburi, Russell P Bowler, Nicola A Hanania, R Graham Barr, Surya P Bhatt, Frank C Sciurba, Antonio Anzueto, Meilan K Han, Charlene E Mcevoy, Alejandro P Comellas, Dawn L Demeo, Richard Rosiello, Jeffrey L Curtis, Tricia Uchida, Carla Wilson, P Pearl O'Rourke

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The consequences of returning infectious pathogen test results identified incidentally in research studies have not been well-studied. Concerns include identification of an important health issue for individuals, accuracy of research test results, public health impact, potential emotional distress for participants, and need for IRB permissions. Blood RNA-sequencing analysis for non-human RNA in 3984 participants from the COPDGene study identified 228 participants with evidence suggestive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We hypothesized that incidentally discovered HCV results could be effectively returned to COPDGene participants with attention to the identified concerns. In conjunction with a COPDGene Participant Advisory Panel, we developed …


Characteristics Of Post Hoc Subgroup Analyses Of Oncology Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review, Jawad Alrawabdeh, Marah Alzu'bi, Muntaser Alzyoud, Nada Odeh, Yazan Hamadneh, Hira Mian, Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Amar H Kelkar, Aaron M Goodman, Rajshekhar Chakraborty, David A Russler-Germain, Nikita Mehra, Diva Baggio, Edward R Scheffer Cliff, Samer Al Hadidi Oct 2023

Characteristics Of Post Hoc Subgroup Analyses Of Oncology Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review, Jawad Alrawabdeh, Marah Alzu'bi, Muntaser Alzyoud, Nada Odeh, Yazan Hamadneh, Hira Mian, Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Amar H Kelkar, Aaron M Goodman, Rajshekhar Chakraborty, David A Russler-Germain, Nikita Mehra, Diva Baggio, Edward R Scheffer Cliff, Samer Al Hadidi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Subgroup analyses in clinical trials assess intervention effects on specific patient subgroups, ensuring generalizability. However, they are usually only able to generate hypotheses rather than definitive conclusions. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of post hoc subgroup analysis in oncology.

METHODS: We systematically reviewed published subgroup analyses from 2000 to 2022. We included articles presenting secondary, post hoc, or subgroup analyses of interventional clinical trials in oncology, cancer survivorship, or cancer screening, published separately from the original clinical trial publication. We collected cancer type, year of publication, where and how subgroup analyses were reported, and funding.

RESULTS: Out …


Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Carrying The Rifampicin Drug-Resistance-Conferring Rpob Mutation H445y Is Associated With Suppressed Immunity Through Type I Interferons, Suhas Bobba, Nicole C Howard, Shibali Das, Mushtaq Ahmed, Linrui Tang, Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu, Michelle H Larsen, Barun Mathema, Maziar Divangahi, Shabaana A Khader Oct 2023

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Carrying The Rifampicin Drug-Resistance-Conferring Rpob Mutation H445y Is Associated With Suppressed Immunity Through Type I Interferons, Suhas Bobba, Nicole C Howard, Shibali Das, Mushtaq Ahmed, Linrui Tang, Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu, Michelle H Larsen, Barun Mathema, Maziar Divangahi, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study highlights the impact of specific rifampicin-resistance-conferring mutations on the host immune response to


Tet3 Plays A Critical Role In White Adipose Development And Diet-Induced Remodeling, Byung Chul Jung, Dongjoo You, Ikjun Lee, Daofeng Li, Rebecca L Schill, Katherine Ma, Anna Pi, Zehan Song, Wei-Chieh Mu, Ting Wang, Ormond A Macdougald, Alexander S Banks, Sona Kang Oct 2023

Tet3 Plays A Critical Role In White Adipose Development And Diet-Induced Remodeling, Byung Chul Jung, Dongjoo You, Ikjun Lee, Daofeng Li, Rebecca L Schill, Katherine Ma, Anna Pi, Zehan Song, Wei-Chieh Mu, Ting Wang, Ormond A Macdougald, Alexander S Banks, Sona Kang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Maintaining healthy adipose tissue is crucial for metabolic health, requiring a deeper understanding of adipocyte development and response to high-calorie diets. This study highlights the importance of TET3 during white adipose tissue (WAT) development and expansion. Selective depletion of Tet3 in adipose precursor cells (APCs) reduces adipogenesis, protects against diet-induced adipose expansion, and enhances whole-body metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and Tet3 knockout (KO) APCs unveiled TET3 target genes, including Pparg and several genes linked to the extracellular matrix, pivotal for adipogenesis and remodeling. DNA methylation profiling and functional studies underscore the importance of DNA demethylation in gene regulation. Remarkably, …


Diversity In Homeostatic Calcium Set Points Predicts Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival Following Optic Nerve Injury In Vivo, Sean Mccracken, Michael J Fitzpatrick, Allison L Hall, Zelun Wang, Daniel Kerschensteiner, Josh L Morgan, Philip R Williams Oct 2023

Diversity In Homeostatic Calcium Set Points Predicts Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival Following Optic Nerve Injury In Vivo, Sean Mccracken, Michael J Fitzpatrick, Allison L Hall, Zelun Wang, Daniel Kerschensteiner, Josh L Morgan, Philip R Williams

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration drives vision loss in blinding conditions. RGC death is often triggered by axon degeneration in the optic nerve. Here, we study the contributions of dynamic and homeostatic Ca


The Trna Methyltransferase Trmb Is Critical For Acinetobacter Baumannii Stress Responses And Pulmonary Infection, Jenna C Mcguffey, Clay D Jackson-Litteken, Gisela Di Venanzio, Aubree A Zimmer, Jessica M Lewis, Jesus S Distel, Kyusik Q Kim, Hani S Zaher, Juan Alfonzo, Nichollas E Scott, Mario F Feldman Oct 2023

The Trna Methyltransferase Trmb Is Critical For Acinetobacter Baumannii Stress Responses And Pulmonary Infection, Jenna C Mcguffey, Clay D Jackson-Litteken, Gisela Di Venanzio, Aubree A Zimmer, Jessica M Lewis, Jesus S Distel, Kyusik Q Kim, Hani S Zaher, Juan Alfonzo, Nichollas E Scott, Mario F Feldman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

As deficiencies in tRNA modifications have been linked to human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, much research has focused on the modifications' impacts on translational regulation in eukaryotes. However, the significance of tRNA modifications in bacterial physiology remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we demonstrate that the m


Stigma And Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Trust Is The Essential Ingredient Of Successful Patient Education In The Patient-Doctor Relationship, Trey D. Vanaken Oct 2023

Stigma And Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Trust Is The Essential Ingredient Of Successful Patient Education In The Patient-Doctor Relationship, Trey D. Vanaken

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Van Beers EJ, Van Tuijn CFJ, Nieuwkerk PT, et al. Patient-controlled analgesia versus continuous infusion of morphine during vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease, a randomized controlled trial. Am J Hematol. 2007;82(11):955-960. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.20944.

for a patient with recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis secondary to Sickle Cell Disease.


Early Closure Of Colostomy From Abdominal Trauma May Be Beneficial In Otherwise Healthy Patients, Nicole Xu Oct 2023

Early Closure Of Colostomy From Abdominal Trauma May Be Beneficial In Otherwise Healthy Patients, Nicole Xu

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report appraising

Khalid MS, Moeen S, Khan AW, Arshad R, Khan AF. Same admission colostomy closure: a prospective, randomised study in selected patient groups. Surgeon. 2005;3(1):11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-666x(05)80004-6

for a patient with loop transverse colostomy due to trauma


Evaluating The Use Of Cheaper, Less Effective Medications In Patients With Cost-Based Medication Nonadherence, Muneer F. Hasso Oct 2023

Evaluating The Use Of Cheaper, Less Effective Medications In Patients With Cost-Based Medication Nonadherence, Muneer F. Hasso

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Sangaralingham LR, Sangaralingham SJ, Shah ND, Yao X, Dunlay SM. Adoption of Sacubitril/Valsartan for the Management of Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(2):e004302. https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004302

for a patient with low medication adherence rates due to the high out-of-pocket costs of newer medications.