Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Are They Well? Examining Emotional Intelligence Competencies Of Female College Athletes, Anne E. Funke

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

In this dissertation, I explore the emotional intelligence (EQ) competencies of 19 female student-athletes at one Division III institution. College students are suffering from a collective brain health crisis in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2021). Students’ social and emotional needs and skills have continued to steadily decline. Colleges have a responsibility to prioritize the social-emotional health of all students above performance and achievement. Student-athletes in particular face unique challenges and pressures that non-athlete students do not. Managing time commitments of athletic schedules and coursework, navigating publicity and increased attention, and …

Ticagrelor Related Anaphylactic Shock In A Stemi Patient, Lam Man Tat, Ip Man Fai, Mok Toi Meng, Chang Tou, Lam U. Po

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

An ST elevation myocardial infarction is life-threatening and requires urgent management. Before coronary intervention, preoperative loading a P2Y12 receptor antagonist is warranted. We present a case in which urgent coronary angiography was performed after given loading dose of Aspirin and Ticagrelor. Two and a half hours after loading Ticagrelor, patient developed hypotension with swollen face and diffuse rash on the trunk. Consideration of the anaphylactic shock, a steroid bolus and an inotropic infusion were administered and patient became hemodynamically stable. The allergic manifestations disappeared a few hours later, Ticagrelor was changed to Clopidogrel to avoid the severe allergic reaction.

Atorvastatin In Preventing Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Low-Risk Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Atopact-Low), Chonthicha Tanking, Chanwit Wuttichaipradit, Chayanee Samdaengpan, Jomtana Siripaibun, Siriwan Manahwan,R.N, Bundhitwong Trikesornnopamas, Phakawan Budchala, Viroj Muangsillapasart

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background: According to the current guideline, statins should be provided to prevent anthracycline cardiotoxicity in high-risk cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the role of atorvastatin in preventing anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction among low-risk breast cancer patients. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with low risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) were assigned to receive atorvastatin 40 mg or placebo. Echocardiography was performed before, at 3 and 6 months after the anthracycline treatment to determine changes in LVEF as a primary outcome. The secondary outcome included changes in global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV …

Effects Of Bioprosthetic Valve Fracturing On Valve-In-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Transvalvular Gradients, Osama Hallak, Karley Fischer, Shaina Ailawadi, Damian Valencia, Yan Yatsynovich, Raja Nazir, Brian Schwartz

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is quickly becoming a routine and effective means by which to treat degenerated bioprosthetic valves. A known complication of ViV-TAVI is patient-prosthesis mismatch, which substantially affects survival. Bioprosthetic valve fracture is a method by which to reduce the risk of patient-prosthesis mismatch and post-ViV-TAVI transvalvular gradients. This study sought to determine the safety and efficacy of post-ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture.

METHODS: Patients with a history of surgical aortic valve replacement undergoing ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture (N = 25) at the corresponding institution from 2015 to 2022 were cataloged for a retrospective analysis. …

"A Double-Edged Sword": A Brief History Of Genomic Data Governance And Genetic Researcher Perspectives On Data Sharing, Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Kerry A Ryan, Amy L Mcguire, Chris D Krenz, M Grace Trinidad, Kaitlyn Jaffe, Amanda Greene, J Denard Thomas, Madison Kent, Stephanie Morain, David Wilborn, J Scott Roberts

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

As the federal government continues to expand upon and improve its data sharing policies over the past 20 years, complex challenges remain. Our interviews with U.S. academic genetic researchers (n=23) found that the burden, translation, industry limitations, and consent structure of data sharing remain major governance challenges.

Towards Objective, Temporally Resolved Neurobehavioral Predictors Of Emotional State, Katherine E Kabotyanski, Han G Yi, Rahul Hingorani, Brian S Robinson, Hannah P Cowley, Matthew S Fifer, Brock A Wester, Bishal Lamichhane, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Anusha B Allawala, Sameer V Rajesh, Nabeel Diab, Raissa K Mathura, Victoria Pirtle, Joshua Adkinson, Andrew J Watrous, Eleonora Bartoli, Jiayang Xiao, Garrett P Banks, Sanjay J Mathew, Wayne K Goodman, Xaq Pitkow, Nader Pouratian, Benjamin Y Hayden, Nicole R Provenza, Sameer A Sheth

Staff and Researcher Publications

No abstract provided.

Tfeb-Vacuolar Atpase Signaling Regulates Lysosomal Function And Microglial Activation In Tauopathy, Baiping Wang, Heidi Martini-Stoica, Chuangye Qi, Tzu-Chiao Lu, Shuo Wang, Wen Xiong, Yanyan Qi, Yin Xu, Marco Sardiello, Hongjie Li, Hui Zheng

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) mediates gene expression through binding to the coordinated lysosome expression and regulation (CLEAR) sequence. TFEB targets include subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase), which are essential for lysosome acidification. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of wild-type and PS19 (Tau) transgenic mice expressing the P301S mutant tau identified three unique microglia subclusters in Tau mice that were associated with heightened lysosome and immune pathway genes. To explore the lysosome-immune relationship, we specifically disrupted the TFEB-v-ATPase signaling by creating a knock-in mouse line in which the CLEAR sequence of one of the v-ATPase subunits, Atp6v1h, was mutated. CLEAR mutant exhibited …

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase Variant 44 Acquires Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance By Altering The Conformation Of Active-Site Loops, Zhizeng Sun, Hanfeng Lin, Liya Hu, Neetu Neetu, Banumathi Sankaran, Jin Wang, B V Venkataram Prasad, Timothy Palzkill

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) is an important source of drug resistance as it can hydrolyze and inactivate virtually all β-lactam antibiotics. KPC-2 is potently inhibited by avibactam via formation of a reversible carbamyl linkage of the inhibitor with the catalytic serine of the enzyme. However, the use of avibactam in combination with ceftazidime (CAZ-AVI) has led to the emergence of CAZ-AVI-resistant variants of KPC-2 in clinical settings. One such variant, KPC-44, bears a 15 amino acid duplication in one of the active-site loops (270-loop). Here, we show that the KPC-44 variant exhibits higher catalytic efficiency in hydrolyzing ceftazidime, lower …

Inhibition Of Src-3 As A Potential Therapeutic Strategy For Aggressive Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Imani Bijou, Yang Liu, Dong Lu, Jianwei Chen, Shelby Sloan, Lapo Alinari, David M Lonard, Bert W O'Malley, Michael Wang, Jin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor prognosis and high relapse rates despite current therapies, necessitating novel treatment regimens. Inhibition of SRC-3 show effectiveness in vivo and in vitro in other B cell lymphomas. Additionally, previous studies have shown that SRC-3 is highly expressed in the lymph nodes of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, suggesting SRC-3 may play a role in the progression of B cell lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate novel SRC-3 inhibitors, SI-10 and SI-12, in mantle cell lymphoma. The cytotoxic effects of SI-10 and SI-12 were evaluated in vitro and demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in a panel …

The Seroprevalence Of Sars-Cov-2-Specific Antibodies In Australian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study, Archana Koirala, Jocelynne Mcrae, Philip N Britton, Marnie Downes, Shayal A Prasad, Suellen Nicholson, Noni E Winkler, Matthew V N O'Sullivan, Fatima Gondalwala, Cecile Castellano, Emma Carey, Alexandra Hendry, Nigel Crawford, Ushma Wadia, Peter Richmond, Helen S Marshall, Julia E Clark, Joshua R Francis, Jeremy Carr, Adam Bartlett, Brendan Mcmullan, Justin Skowno, Donald Hannah, Andrew Davidson, Britta S Von Ungern-Sternberg, Paul Lee-Archer, Laura L Burgoyne, Edith B Waugh, John B Carlin, Zin Naing, Nicole Kerly, Alissa Mcminn, Guillian Hunter, Christine Heath, Natascha D'Angelo, Carolyn Finucane, Laura A Francis, Sonia Dougherty, William Rawlinson, Theo Karapanagiotidis, Natalie Cain, Rianne Brizuela, Christopher C Blyth, Nicholas Wood, Kristine Macartney

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: Following reduction of public health and social measures concurrent with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emergence in late 2021 in Australia, COVID-19 case notification rates rose rapidly. As rates of direct viral testing and reporting dropped, true infection rates were most likely to be underestimated.

Objective: To better understand infection rates and immunity in this population, we aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Australians aged 0-19 years.

Methods: We conducted a national cross sectional serosurvey from June 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022, in children aged 0-19 years undergoing an anesthetic procedure at eight tertiary pediatric hospitals. Participant questionnaires were administered, and …

Faslpr Gene Dosage Tunes The Extent Of Lymphoproliferation And T Cell Differentiation In Lupus, Ritu Bohat, Xiaofang Liang, Yanping Chen, Chunyu Xu, Ningbo Zheng, Ashley Guerrero, Jiakai Hou, Roshni Jaffery, Nicholas A Egan, Yaxi Li, Yitao Tang, Esra Unsal, Adolfo Robles, Si Chen, Angela M Major, Hadil Elldakli, Sang-Hyuk Chung, Han Liang, M John Hicks, Yong Du, Jamie S Lin, Xiqun Chen, Chandra Mohan, Weiyi Peng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Sle1 and Fas^lpr are two lupus susceptibility loci that lead to manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. To evaluate the dosage effects of Fas^lpr in determining cellular and serological phenotypes associated with lupus, we developed a new C57BL/6 (B6) congenic lupus strain, B6.Sle1/Sle1.Fas^lpr/+ (Sle1homo.lprhet) and compared it with B6.Fas^lpr/lpr (lprhomo), B6.Sle1/Sle1 (Sle1homo), and B6.Sle1/Sle1.Fas^lpr/lpr (Sle1homo.lprhomo) strains. Whereas Sle1homo.lprhomo mice exhibited profound lymphoproliferation and early mortality, Sle1homo.lprhet mice had a lifespan comparable to B6 mice, with no evidence of splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Compared to B6 monogenic lupus strains, Sle1homo.lprhet mice exhibited significantly …

Adipose Tissue Lymphocytes And Obesity, Feng Gao, Benjamin Litchfield, Huaizhu Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced …

Use Of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-Facilitated Large-Bore Catheter Embolectomy In The Treatment Of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Complicated By Shock, Hugh A Glazier, Amir Kaki

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

This article reports the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a saddle pulmonary embolus complicated by normotensive cardiogenic shock. The patient was first stabilized with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Then, while the patient was still on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombectomy with a large-bore catheter device was performed that resulted in a large decrease in pulmonary artery pressures and a clinically significant increase in cardiac index, with rapid clinical improvement. Complete recovery of the patient's cardiopulmonary status has been maintained at intermediate-term follow-up. This treatment strategy should be considered favorably in the treatment of patients presenting with pulmonary embolism …

Conduction System Pacing For Heart Failure, Nathan R Smith, Patrick Lynch, Mihail G Chelu

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

An Interactive, Case-Based Workshop On The Patient Experience For Internal Medicine Residents, Julian Swanson, Doris Lin, Kristen A Staggers, Priti Dangayach

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The technological revolution has narrowed the information gap between physician and patient. This has led to an evolution in medicine from paternalistic to patient-centric, with health care systems now prioritizing patient experience to achieve higher satisfaction scores. Therefore, it is imperative to start early in educating trainees on how to best address the holistic needs of the patient while also delivering high-quality care.

METHODS: We implemented a 1-hour workshop that was repeated weekly over 8 weeks to capture all internal medicine residents in our program. During the workshop, we reviewed the historical evolution of patient care from paternalistic to …

Enhancement Pattern Mapping For Early Detection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Patients With Cirrhosis, Newsha Nikzad, David Thomas Fuentes, Millicent Roach, Tasadduk Chowdhury, Matthew Cagley, Mohamed Badawy, Ahmed Elkhesen, Manal Hassan, Khaled M Elsayes, Laura Beretta, Eugene Jon Koay, Prasun Kumar Jalal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Limited methods exist to accurately characterize the risk of malignant progression of liver lesions. Enhancement pattern mapping (EPM) measures voxel-based root mean square deviation (RMSD) of parenchyma and the contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratio enhances in malignant lesions. This study investigates the utilization of EPM to differentiate between HCC versus cirrhotic parenchyma with and without benign lesions.

METHODS: Patients with cirrhosis undergoing MRI surveillance were studied prospectively. Cases (n=48) were defined as patients with LI-RADS 3 and 4 lesions who developed HCC during surveillance. Controls (n=99) were patients with and without LI-RADS 3 and 4 lesions who did not …

Understanding Primary Care Physician Perspectives On The Diagnosis And Management Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Qualitative Study, Natalia I Heredia, Jemima C John, Sonia Singh, Jessica P Hwang, Larkin L Strong, Maya Balakrishnan, Lorna H Mcneill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary care physicians (PCPs) are well suited to manage patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the limited, existing research suggests inadequate knowledge about the natural history, diagnostic methods, and management of NAFLD. The purpose of this qualitative study is to further understand the knowledge and practices for the diagnosis and management of NAFLD among PCPs. We conducted in-depth interviews with PCPs in the Greater Houston area, addressing current clinical practices used for diagnosing and managing NAFLD, as well as the perceptions of the PCPs regarding the burden of NAFLD on patients. We recorded interviews, transcribed them, coded transcripts, …

The Great Masquerade: Not All Coronary Artery Stenosis Are Created Equal, Prasanti A Kotta, Ajit K Koduri, Jeffrey Berman, Veronica V Rosen, Waleed T Kayani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We present the case of a 60-year-old male, with active smoking and cocaine use disorder, who reported progressive chest pain. Various anatomical and functional cardiac imaging, performed to further evaluate chest pain etiology, revealed changing severity and distribution of left main artery (LMA) stenosis, raising suspicion for vasospasm. Intracoronary nitroglycerin relieved the vasospasm, with resolution of the LMA pseudostenosis. A diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VA) led to starting appropriate medical therapy with lifestyle modification counselling. This case highlights VA, a frequently underdiagnosed etiology of angina pectoris. We discuss when to suspect VA, its appropriate work-up, and management.

Understanding Primary Care Physician Perspectives On The Diagnosis And Management Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Qualitative Study, Natalia I Heredia, Jemima C John, Sonia Singh, Jessica P Hwang, Larkin L Strong, Maya Balakrishnan, Lorna H Mcneill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary care physicians (PCPs) are well suited to manage patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the limited, existing research suggests inadequate knowledge about the natural history, diagnostic methods, and management of NAFLD. The purpose of this qualitative study is to further understand the knowledge and practices for the diagnosis and management of NAFLD among PCPs. We conducted in-depth interviews with PCPs in the Greater Houston area, addressing current clinical practices used for diagnosing and managing NAFLD, as well as the perceptions of the PCPs regarding the burden of NAFLD on patients. We recorded interviews, transcribed them, coded transcripts, …

Risk Factors, Incidence, And Outcomes Associated With Clinically Significant Airway Ischemia, Gloria Li, Zejian Liu, Marcelo Salan-Gomez, Emma Keeney, Ethan D'Silva, Babith Mankidy, Andres Leon, Aladdein Mattar, Abdusallam Elsennousi, Jennalee Coster, Anupam Kumar, Bruno Rodrigues, Meng Li, Alexis Shafii, Puneet Garcha, Gabriel Loor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Airway complications following lung transplantation remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcomes associated with clinically significant airway ischemia (CSAI) in our center. We reviewed 217 lung transplants (386 airway anastomoses) performed at our institution between February 2016 and December 2020. Airway images were graded using the 2018 ISHLT grading guidelines modified slightly for retrospective analysis. Airways were considered to have CSAI if they developed ischemia severity >B2, stenosis >50%, and/or any degree of dehiscence within 6-months of transplant. Regression analyses were used to evaluate outcomes and risk factors for …

Using Noninvasive Clinical Parameters To Predict Mortality And Morbidity After Cardiac Interventions In Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review, Christo Mathew, Ankur Patel, George Cholankeril, Avegail Flores, Ruben Hernaez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease commonly affects advanced liver disease patients. They undergo cardiac interventions to improve cardiac outcomes. Cirrhosis increases complication risk, including bleeding, renal and respiratory failure, and further decompensation, including death, posing a clinical dilemma to proceduralists. Predicting outcomes is crucial in managing patients with cirrhosis. Our aim was to systematically review clinical parameters to assess the mortality and complication risk in patients with cirrhosis undergoing cardiac interventions.

METHODS: We searched cirrhosis and cardiovascular intervention terminology in PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) from inception to January 8, 2023. We included studies reporting clinical scores (e.g. Model for End-stage …

Rragd-Associated Autosomal Dominant Kidney Hypomagnesemia With Cardiomyopathy: A Review On The Clinical Manifestations And Therapeutic Options, Francesco Trepiccione, Irene Sambri, Barbara Ruggiero, Francesco Emma, Andrea Ballabio, Giulia Florio, Ines Vanderheyden, Anna Iervolino, François Jouret

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: A hereditary condition primarily affecting the kidneys and heart has newly been identified: the RRAGD-associated autosomal dominant kidney hypomagnesemia with cardiomyopathy (ADKH-RRAGD). This disorder is characterized by renal loss of magnesium and potassium, coupled with varying degrees of cardiac dysfunction. These range from arrhythmias to severe dilated cardiomyopathy, which may require heart transplantation. Mutations associated with RRAGD significantly disrupt the non-canonical branch of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. This disruption hinders the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of the transcription factor EB a crucial regulator of lysosomal and autophagic function.

Summary: All identified RRAGD variants compromise …

Ethical Considerations For Integrating Multimodal Computer Perception And Neurotechnology, Meghan E Hurley, Anika Sonig, John Herrington, Eric A Storch, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Kristin Kostick-Quenet

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer perception technologies (e.g., digital phenotyping and affective computing) promise to transform clinical approaches to personalized care in psychiatry and beyond by offering more objective measures of emotional states and behavior, enabling precision treatment, diagnosis, and symptom monitoring. At the same time, passive and continuous nature by which they often collect data from patients in non-clinical settings raises ethical issues related to privacy and self-determination. Little is known about how such concerns may be exacerbated by the integration of neural data, as parallel advances in computer perception, AI, and neurotechnology enable new insights into subjective states. …

Law Enforcement Use Of Genetic Genealogy Databases In Criminal Investigations: Nomenclature, Definition And Scope, Oliver M Tuazon, Ray A Wickenheiser, Ricky Ansell, Christi J Guerrini, Gerrit-Jan Zwenne, Bart Custers

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Although law enforcement use of commercial genetic genealogy databases has gained prominence since the arrest of the Golden State Killer in 2018, and it has been used in hundreds of cases in the United States and more recently in Europe and Australia, it does not have a standard nomenclature and scope. We analyzed the more common terms currently being used and propose a common nomenclature: investigative forensic genetic genealogy (iFGG). We define iFGG as the use by law enforcement of genetic genealogy combined with traditional genealogy to generate suspect investigational leads from forensic samples in criminal investigations. We describe iFGG …

Patient Perceptions On The Advancement Of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing For Sickle Cell Disease Among Black Women In The United States, Shameka P Thomas, Faith E Fletcher, Rachele Willard, Tiara Monet Ranson, Vence L Bonham

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) designed to screen for fetal genetic conditions, is increasingly being implemented as a part of routine prenatal care screening in the United States (US). However, these advances in reproductive genetic technology necessitate empirical research on the ethical and social implications of NIPT among populations underrepresented in genetic research, particularly Black women with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: Forty (N = 40) semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with Black women in the US (19 participants with SCD; 21 participants without SCD) from June 2021 to January 2022. We employed a qualitative approach to examine the …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Acuity Of Presentation Among Children With Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia, Lena E Winestone, Kelly D Getz, Yimei Li, Evanette Burrows, Michael E Scheurer, Vicky Tam, M Monica Gramatges, Jennifer J Wilkes, Tamara P Miller, Alix E Seif, Karen R Rabin, Brian T Fisher, Richard Aplenc

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

We evaluated disparities in disease burden, organ dysfunction, vital signs, and timing of therapy in children newly presenting with acute leukemia. Among 899 patients with acute leukemia diagnosed at two large children's hospitals, a priori lab-based definitions of high disease burden, infection risk, renal dysfunction, and coagulopathy were applied to electronic health record data. Black patients with acute myeloid leukemia had increased prevalence of elevated white blood cell count and uric acid; Black patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia demonstrated increased prevalence of coagulopathy. Black patients' presentation more frequently included multiple lab abnormalities consistent with advanced physiologic dysfunction. No differences were …

A Use Case Of Chatgpt: Summary Of An Expert Panel Discussion On Electronic Health Records And Implementation Science, Seppo T Rinne, Julian Brunner, Timothy P Hogan, Jacqueline M Ferguson, Drew A Helmer, Sylvia J Hysong, Grace Mckee, Amanda Midboe, Megan E Shepherd-Banigan, A Rani Elwy

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, but less is known about how it may facilitate methodological innovations in research settings. In this manuscript, we describe a novel use of AI in summarizing and reporting qualitative data generated from an expert panel discussion about the role of electronic health records (EHRs) in implementation science.

Materials and methods: 15 implementation scientists participated in an hour-long expert panel discussion addressing how EHRs can support implementation strategies, measure implementation outcomes, and influence implementation science. Notes from the discussion were synthesized by ChatGPT (a large language model-LLM) to generate a manuscript summarizing the discussion, …

Clinical Characteristics Of Probands With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder From Simplex And Multiplex Families, Monicke O Lima, Leonardo C Saraiva, Vanessa R Ramos, Melaine C Oliveira, Daniel L C Costa, Brazilian Research Consortium On Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, Thomas V Fernandez, James J Crowley, Eric A Storch, Roseli G Shavitt, Euripedes C Miguel, Carolina Cappi

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with strong evidence of familial clustering. Genomic studies in psychiatry have used the concepts of families that are "simplex" (one affected) versus "multiplex" (multiple affected). Our study compares demographic and clinical data from OCD probands in simplex and multiplex families to uncover potential differences. We analyzed 994 OCD probands (501 multiplex, 493 simplex) from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Clinicians administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) to diagnose, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) to assess severity, and Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS) to assess symptom dimensionality. …

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Among Individuals Of Hispanic And Latin American Ancestry: Cultural Considerations For Assessment And Psychotherapy, Olivia J Morris, Andrew D Wiese, Caitlin M Pinciotti, Rosa Pacheco, Mayra C Martinez Mallen, Ethan J Schweissing, Keaton J Soileau, Latin American Trans-Ancestry Initiative For Ocd Genomics (Latino), Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Work Group (Gttoc), James J Crowley, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Research specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry is limited, as are culturally relevant assessment and treatment recommendations. This article discusses the implications of underrepresentation of H/L populations in OCD research and emphasizes the need to consider issues related to assessment, treatment, and structural barriers that hinder delivery of culturally appropriate first-line psychotherapy. Recommendations for assessment and treatment are provided to aid clinicians in distinguishing culturally normative thoughts and behaviors from OCD, as well as to inform the implementation of psychotherapeutic interventions with cultural humility. This manuscript offers recommendations for future research to …

Public Perspectives On Investigative Genetic Genealogy: Findings From A National Focus Group Study, Jacklyn Dahlquist, Jill O Robinson, Amira Daoud, Whitney Bash-Brooks, Amy L Mcguire, Christi J Guerrini, Stephanie M Fullerton

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) is a technique that involves uploading genotypes developed from perpetrator DNA left at a crime scene, or DNA from unidentified remains, to public genetic genealogy databases to identify genetic relatives and, through the creation of a family tree, the individual who was the source of the DNA. As policymakers demonstrate interest in regulating IGG, it is important to understand public perspectives on IGG to determine whether proposed policies are aligned with public attitudes.

Methods: We conducted eight focus groups with members of the public (N = 72), sampled from four geographically diverse US regions, …