Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Boosting The Electron Beam Transmittance Of Field Emission Cathode Using A Self-Charging Gate, Dongyang Xiao, Huanhuan Du, Leimeng Sun, Xiaochen Suo, Yurong Wang, Yili Zhang, Shaolin Zhang, Shuangyang Kuang, Fangjing Hu, Liangcheng Tu, Daren Yu, Peiyi Song

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The gate-type carbon nanotubes cathodes exhibit advantages in long-term stable emission owing to the uniformity of electrical field on the carbon nanotubes, but the gate inevitably reduces the transmittance of electron beam, posing challenges for system stabilities. In this work, we introduce electron beam focusing technique using the self-charging SiN_x/Au/Si gate. The potential of SiN_x is measured to be approximately −60 V quickly after the cathode turning on, the negative potential can be maintained as the emission goes on. The charged surface generates rebounding electrostatic forces on the following electrons, significantly focusing the electron beam on the …

Bacterial Contamination Of Platelet Products, Michael R Jacobs, Bowen Zhou, Aditi Tayal, Robert W Maitta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets, although rare, is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity despite the introduction of many methods to limit this over the past 20 years. The methods used include improved donor skin disinfection, diversion of the first part of donations, use of apheresis platelet units rather than whole-blood derived pools, primary and secondary testing by culture or rapid test, and use of pathogen reduction. Primary culture has been in use the US since 2004, using culture 24 h after collection of volumes of 4-8 mL from apheresis collections and whole-blood derived pools inoculated into aerobic …

Yoga’S Journey From East To West: A Tale Of Adaptation, Wellness, And Healing The Balancing Act, Christine D. Walck

Publications

Prepare for a unique journey through the world of yoga with an opinionated, funny twist. Join a devout Catholic, a PhD-toting engineering professor, and an extreme athlete as they navigate the intriguing yet mysterious realm of yoga. Their initial skepticism, rooted in Eastern philosophy, quickly dissolves as yoga seamlessly melds with their Catholic faith, offering a universal path to physical and mental well-being. Buckle up for a humorous takedown of common misconceptions about yoga’s compatibility with Western religious beliefs. It’s all about respecting the body, which conveniently aligns with their active (with a dash of clumsy adventures thrown in). Yoga …

Cd133-Dependent Activation Of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase /Akt/Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Signaling In Melanoma Progression And Drug Resistance, Naji Kharouf, Thomas W. Flanagan, Abdulhadi A. Alamodi, Youssef Al Hmada, Sofie Yasmin Hassan, Hosam Shalaby, Simeon Santourlidis, Sarah Lilly Hassan, Youssef Haikel, Mossad Megahed, Robert T. Brodell, Mohamed Hassan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Melanoma frequently harbors genetic alterations in key molecules leading to the aberrant activation of PI3K and its downstream pathways. Although the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in melanoma progression and drug resistance is well documented, targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway showed less efficiency in clinical trials than might have been expected, since the suppression of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway-induced feedback loops is mostly associated with the activation of compensatory pathways such as MAPK/MEK/ERK. Consequently, the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance can occur. As a solid tumor, melanoma is notorious for its heterogeneity. This can be expressed in the form of genetically divergent …

Association Of Genetic Variation In Col11a1 With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Hao Yu, Lilian Antunes, Christina A Gurnett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common and progressive spinal deformity in children that exhibits striking sexual dimorphism, with girls at more than fivefold greater risk of severe disease compared to boys. Despite its medical impact, the molecular mechanisms that drive AIS are largely unknown. We previously defined a female-specific AIS genetic risk locus in an enhancer near the

Tempo And Mode Of Gene Expression Evolution In The Brain Across Primates, Katherine Rickelton, Trisha M Zintel, Jason Pizzollo, Emily Miller, John J Ely, Mary Ann Raghanti, William D Hopkins, Patrick R Hof, Chet C Sherwood, Amy L Bauernfeind, Courtney C Babbitt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Primate evolution has led to a remarkable diversity of behavioral specializations and pronounced brain size variation among species (Barton, 2012; DeCasien and Higham, 2019; Powell et al., 2017). Gene expression provides a promising opportunity for studying the molecular basis of brain evolution, but it has been explored in very few primate species to date (e.g. Khaitovich et al., 2005; Khrameeva et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2022; Somel et al., 2009). To understand the landscape of gene expression evolution across the primate lineage, we generated and analyzed RNA-seq data from four brain regions in an unprecedented eighteen species. Here, we …

Ubr5 Promotes Antiviral Immunity By Disengaging The Transcriptional Brake On Rig-I Like Receptors, Duomeng Yang, Tingting Geng, Andrew G Harrison, Jason G Cahoon, Jian Xing, Baihai Jiao, Mark Wang, Chao Cheng, Robert E Hill, Huadong Wang, Anthony T Vella, Gong Cheng, Yanlin Wang, Penghua Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are …

Simultaneous Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Comparing Between White Light And Image-Enhanced Endoscopy, Boonyaorn Chatrangsun, Natsuda Aumpan, Bubpha Pornthisarn, Soonthorn Chonprasertsuk, Sith Siramolpiwat, Patommatat Bhanthumkomol, Pongjarat Nunanan, Navapan Issariyakulkarn, Varocha Mahachai, Yoshio Yamaoka, Ratha-Korn Vilaichone

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with gastric cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection can reduce risk of gastric cancer. Conventional white light imaging (WLI) and image-enhanced endoscopic (IEE) techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), linked color imaging (LCI) and blue laser imaging (BLI) plays pivotal role in H. pylori diagnosis. This study aimed to determine diagnostic performance of real-time endoscopy between WLI and other IEE techniques for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

METHODS: This prospective study compared endoscopic images by gastroscopy using WLI and IEE techniques (LCI, Magnifying-BLI, and Magnifying-NBI) at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand …

Bacterial Contamination Of Platelet Products, Michael R. Jacobs `, Bowen Zhou, Robert W. Maitta

Faculty Scholarship

Transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets, although rare, is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity despite the introduction of many methods to limit this over the past 20 years. The methods used include improved donor skin disinfection, diversion of the first part of donations, use of apheresis platelet units rather than whole-blood derived pools, primary and secondary testing by culture or rapid test, and use of pathogen reduction. Primary culture has been in use the US since 2004, using culture 24 h after collection of volumes of 4–8 mL from apheresis collections and whole-blood derived pools inoculated into aerobic …

Kinematic Characteristics Of Novices’ Sprint Techniques At Maximum Velocity Phase, Saburo Nishimura, Yoshinori Kinomura

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 5: Issue 1, Article 2, 2024. Sprint performance is a crucial aspect of achieving high performance across a range of sports. However, previous studies analyzing the sprint technique of novices have yielded disparate findings regarding effective sprint techniques. For instance, Saito and Ito (1995) found no significant difference in the maximum thigh angle of the free leg between boys aged 7 to 12 and sprinters. Conversely, Katoh et al. (2001) reported that elementary school sprinters indicated a larger maximum thigh angle of the free leg than novice elementary children. Inconsistency like this makes …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 25, 2024, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 25, 2024 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Whiddon COM alumna returns to USA Health as hospitalist
• Meet a Med Student: Ryan McIlwain
• OB/GYN Student Interest Group hosts period product drive through Feb. 9
• Grelet presents research at mitochondria conference in Berlin

Behavioral Effects Of Novel Treatments For Pain Using Different Pathways, Danya M I Aldaghma

Theses and Dissertations

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation that is mostly caused by a stimulus from our surroundings. This sensation has the potential to become a significant concern, disrupting daily activities, and diminishing overall quality of life. However, it could also hold significant importance as it serves as a protective mechanism. Pain acts as an alarm system for the human body, alerting it to potentially harmful situations where tissues may be at risk of damage1. Despite the considerable advancements in pain treatment and the extensive knowledge scientists possess regarding the pathophysiology and pathways of pain, numerous medications aimed at alleviating pain …

Evaluating Noninvasive Brain Stimulation To Treat Overactive Bladder In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol, Betsy H Salazar, Kristopher A Hoffman, John A Lincoln, Christof Karmonik, Hamida Rajab, Santosh A Helekar, Rose Khavari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an often debilitating disease affecting the myelin sheath that encompasses neurons. It can be accompanied by a myriad of pathologies and adverse effects such as neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Current treatment modalities for resolving NLUTD focus mainly on alleviating symptoms while the source of the discomfort emanates from a disruption in brain to bladder neural circuitry. Here, we leverage functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols and the brains innate neural plasticity to aid in resolving overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms associated with NLUTD.

Methods

By employing an advanced neuro-navigation …

Editorial: The Impact Of Social Media, Gaming, And Smartphone Usage On Mental Health, Justin Thomas, Fahad Al-Beyahi, Carl Gaspar

All Works

No abstract provided.

Manipal Journal Of Medical Sciences – Single Issue Per Year, Bukkambudhi V. Murlimanju, Krishnananda R.V. Prabhu

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

NA

Prevention And Potential Treatment Strategies For Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bo-Wen Sun, Peng-Peng Zhang, Zong-Hao Wang, Xia Yao, Meng-Lan He, Rui-Ting Bai, Hao Che, Jing Lin, Tian Xie, Zi Hui, Xiang-Yang Ye, Li-Wei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen that causes respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV-related illnesses impose a substantial economic burden worldwide annually. The molecular structure, function, and in vivo interaction mechanisms of RSV have received more comprehensive attention in recent times, and significant progress has been made in developing inhibitors targeting various stages of the RSV replication cycle. These include fusion inhibitors, RSV polymerase inhibitors, and nucleoprotein inhibitors, as well as FDA-approved RSV prophylactic drugs palivizumab and nirsevimab. The research community is hopeful that these developments might provide easier access to knowledge and …

Dementia Prediction In Older Adults Using Sex-Specific Health Trajectory Clustering, Omar A Ibrahim, Muskan Garg, Sunyang Fu, Maria Vassilaki, Ronald C Petersen, Jennifer St Sauver, Sunghwan Sohn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With increasing number of people living with dementia, the problem of late diagnosis significantly impacts a person's quality of life while early signs of dementia may provide useful insights to facilitate better treatment plans. With time, this progressive neurodegenerative syndrome could progress from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. A pattern of health conditions can be characterized in unsupervised manner to help predict this progress. As a significant extension to our previous work with streaming clustering model, we consider additional information for predicting dementia onset. With empirical observations, we discover the importance of examining sex and age to predict dementia onset. …

Interplay Between Atrx And Idh1 Mutations Governs Innate Immune Responses In Diffuse Gliomas, Seethalakshmi Hariharan, Benjamin T Whitfield, Christopher J Pirozzi, Matthew S Waitkus, Michael C Brown, Michelle L Bowie, David M Irvin, Kristen Roso, Rebecca Fuller, Janell Hostettler, Sharvari Dharmaiah, Emiley A Gibson, Aaron Briley, Avani Mangoli, Casey Fraley, Mariah Shobande, Kevin Stevenson, Gao Zhang, Prit Benny Malgulwar, Hannah Roberts, Martin Roskoski, Ivan Spasojevic, Stephen T Keir, Yiping He, Maria G Castro, Jason T Huse, David M Ashley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stimulating the innate immune system has been explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of gliomas. Inactivating mutations in ATRX, defining molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, have been implicated in dysfunctional immune signaling. However, little is known about the interplay between ATRX loss and IDH mutation on innate immunity. To explore this, we generated ATRX-deficient glioma models in the presence and absence of the IDH1R132H mutation. ATRX-deficient glioma cells are sensitive to dsRNA-based innate immune agonism and exhibit impaired lethality and increased T-cell infiltration in vivo. However, the presence of IDH1R132H dampens baseline expression of key innate immune genes …

Circulating Metabolic Profile In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Data From The Ipf-Pro Registry, Ross Summer, Jamie Todd, Megan Neely, L. Jason Lobo, Andrew Namen, L. Kristin Newby, Shirin Shafazand, Sally Suliman, Christian Hesslinger, Sascha Keller, Thomas Leonard, Scott M Palmer, Olga Ilkayeva, Michael Muehlbauer, Christopher Newgard, Jesse Roman

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The circulating metabolome, reflecting underlying cellular processes and disease biology, has not been fully characterized in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated whether circulating levels of metabolites correlate with the presence of IPF, with the severity of IPF, or with the risk of clinically relevant outcomes among patients with IPF.

METHODS: We analyzed enrollment plasma samples from 300 patients with IPF in the IPF-PRO Registry and 100 individuals without known lung disease using a set of targeted metabolomics and clinical analyte modules. Linear regression was used to compare metabolite and clinical analyte levels between patients with IPF …

Building A More Diverse Public Health Informatics Workforce: Preliminary Results, Susan H Fenton, Gabriela Mustata Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The US public health infrastructure has been historically underfunded, a condition that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This was especially noted in the area of public health informatics. It was also acknowledged that the lack of a diverse public health workforce made it more difficult to address biases and disparities effectively. In 2021 the Office of the National Coordinator awarded $73 million to 10 awardees to develop public health informatics and technology (PHIT) workforce training. The Gaining Equity in Training for Public Health Informatics and Technology (GET PHIT) award utilizes various methods to train and engage minority and underserved …

Insights On The Future Of Digital Health: An Analysis Of Twitter Posts Of Imia Fellows, David T Marc, Karima Lalani, Susan H Fenton, Kerryn Butler-Henderson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped technology-enhanced services in health and care organizations globally. As the world pivots towards a post-COVID-19 environment, it is essential to examine emerging trends amongst thought leaders in the health information technology sector. This study queried Twitter feeds of IMIA Fellows from 2013 through 2022, utilizing combinations of sentiment analysis, latent dirichlet allocation, and document analysis methods. The results provided a glimpse of positive sentiment year upon year, with the most negative sentiment prevalent in 2020, due to the onset of the pandemic. The findings from this study can be strategically used to analyze emerging trends …

Exploring A Mechanism Toward Automated Feedback For Cancer Patient Self-Reporting, Kevin Phong, Mengchen Ding, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

"Infobuttons" spearheaded electronic health records (EHR) based decision support by offering automated knowledge resources to physicians. However, how such a mechanism could be leveraged to provide optimal resources to patients remains unanswered. Informatics approaches are expected to utilize more relevant information beyond EHR, such as patient-reported outcomes, to support clinical decisions. This pilot study is intended to explore how patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE) in EHR can be incorporated and how to recommend tailored content to cancer patients via automated feedback.

Health Equity And Policy Considerations For Pediatric And Adult Congenital Heart Disease Care Among Minoritized Populations In The United States., Keila N. Lopez, Kiona Y. Allen, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Katia Bravo-Jaimes, Joseph Burns, Bianca Cherestal, Jason F. Deen, Brittany K. Hills, Jennifer H. Huang, Ramiro W. Lizano Santamaria, Carlos A. Lodeiro, Valentina Melo, Jasmine S. Moreno, Flora Nuñez Gallegos, Harris Onugha, Tony A. Pastor, Michelle C. Wallace, Deidra A. Ansah

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Achieving health equity in populations with congenital heart disease (CHD) requires recognizing existing disparities throughout the lifespan that negatively and disproportionately impact specific groups of individuals. These disparities occur at individual, institutional, or system levels and often result in increased morbidity and mortality for marginalized or racially minoritized populations (population subgroups (e.g., ethnic, racial, social, religious) with differential power compared to those deemed to hold the majority power in the population). Creating actionable strategies and solutions to address these health disparities in patients with CHD requires critically examining multilevel factors and health policies that continue to drive health inequities, including …

Extracting Drug-Protein Relation From Literature Using Ensembles Of Biomedical Transformers, Avisha Das, Zhao Li, Qiang Wei, Jianfu Li, Liang-Chin Huang, Yan Hu, Rongbin Li, Wenjin Jim Zheng, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Automatic extraction of relations between drugs/chemicals and proteins from ever-growing biomedical literature is required to build up-to-date knowledge bases in biomedicine. To promote the development of automated methods, BioCreative-VII organized a shared task - the DrugProt track, to recognize drug-protein entity relations from PubMed abstracts. We participated in the shared task and leveraged deep learning-based transformer models pre-trained on biomedical data to build ensemble approaches to automatically extract drug-protein relation from biomedical literature. On the main corpora of 10,750 abstracts, our best system obtained an F1-score of 77.60% (ranked 4th among 30 participating teams), and on the large-scale corpus of …

An Icd For The Digital World: What Does The Icd-11 Research Show?, Susan H Fenton, Mary H Stanfill, Kathy Giannangelo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is now available for use. A literature search was conducted to review and summarize the research conducted to date. In addition to the ease of integration into electronic health records using standard digital tools such as uniform resource identifiers and application programming interfaces, ICD-11 and the World Health Organization provided linearization for mortality and morbidity, ICD-11-MMS, promise improved backward compatibility to ICD-10; increased availability in multiple languages; greater detail for clinical use, including traditional Chinese medicine; and enhanced maintenance for continued relevance. The studies reviewed here support the superior content …

Challenges In Selecting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures For Use In A Patient-Facing Technology, Priyank Raj, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been increasingly integrated into patient-facing technologies to engage and empower patients in cancer self-management at home. However, researchers and developers face several challenges in selecting the best-suited PROMs for patient-facing technologies, due to the complex nature of the disease, the multitude of PROMs with high psychometric quality, and the lack of clear standards for PROM utilization. In this paper, we have discussed these challenges, illustrated by breast cancer instruments.

A Patient-Centered Approach To Collecting And Displaying Patient Identifiers, Christina Van Hal, Jennifer L Mills, Mary Gatmaitan, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patient identifiers such as name, date of birth, or gender are the first line of defense to ensure the accuracy of the health data displayed in health information exchange. Health data display is the impetus for clinical decisions and patient outcomes and directly correlates with promoting interoperability and health information exchange. Therefore, constant monitoring of quality metrics is imperative for clinical leaders to keep a pulse on what is happening within their organizations. However, the electronic health records (EHRs) designer should also take precautions to ensure the visualizations are not misleading, given that EHRs have been shown in some studies …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Patient-Facing Technologies For Patient Self-Reporting, Mengchen Ding, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dramatic improvements in patient-facing technologies have demonstrated the potential to transform healthcare delivery for a 360-degree holistic view of care. A key question regarding how such technologies affect patient self-reporting still needs to be answered. This study presents the technologies and their associated key variables via quantitative analysis. Associations were found between single-platform and web-based applications (apps), Android apps and physician view, mental health disease, and user feedback. The results are intended to inform future design, development, and evaluation of patient-facing technologies. More systematic, theory-driven, framework-based design and evaluation are necessary to fully characterize the effectiveness and maintenance of patient-facing …

User-Centered Data Display For Clinicians To Diagnose And Manage Hypertension, Carly Ho, Oluwatumininu Layinka, Valerie Chukelu, Kevin Phong, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of hypertension are hindered by challenges stemming from limited access to comprehensive blood pressure (BP) data and the need for clinical context surrounding BP readings. Using handwritten tables for home-monitored BP exacerbates issues related to integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and trend analysis. This study employs user-centered design principles to develop prototypes for BP data visualization, with the primary goal of harmonizing disparate BP data sources to empower clinicians in precise hypertension diagnosis and management.

Effect Of Russian Current Expert Modes On Quadriceps Muscle Torque In Healthy Adults: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial, Ansam Hasan, Ibrahim Moustafa, Tamer Shousha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Russian current (RC), a well-known neuromuscular electrical stimulation operating at 2500 Hz, has demonstrated significant strength improvement over traditional exercises due to its high tolerance and low pain provocation. Despite extensive NMES parameter research, the specific effects of expert modes, particularly ON2 and Rest, remain unexplored. This study investigates the direct effect of these expert modes on quadriceps muscle strength in healthy adults.

METHODS: This is a single-blind, randomization-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy university students (31 females, 17 males) were assigned in two randomized experimental groups either the ON2 or Rest mode for a 15-minute electrical stimulation session. Quadriceps maximum …