Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Diagnosing Acute Compartment Syndrome: A Surgical Emergency, Kallin J. Austin, Lara Laughrey, Marco Trevino, Eric Liou, Matthew Hazel, Brody Harn

Annual Research Symposium

Determine best practices for diagnosing acute compartment syndrome in the lower limb by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of commonly use techniques.

Development Of A Protocol For Obtaining Biological Samples For Genetic Testing From Remote Individuals, Noah R. Schultz, Brandon J. Burger, Jacob Warner, Alfred Amendolara, Jameson Williams, Molly Henley, Layla Risdon, Alessandra Maisie Rivera, Amanda Page, Millicent Jiang, Denisse Castaneda, Garret Phillips, John A. Kriak, Kyle B. Bills, David W. Sant

Annual Research Symposium

Pharmacogenomic sequencing allows individuals to learn more about how they will respond to certain medications but requires shipping of a biological sample. One complication of sending biological samples to remote laboratories is stability. Blood generally yields sufficient quantities of high-quality DNA but requires a clinic visit. Saliva and buccal swabs are routinely used for DNA extractions, but the DNA quality is notoriously low due to the presence of bacteria in the mouth. Additionally, elderly individuals have difficulty producing enough saliva for testing, and the tubes contain several milliliters of liquid and shipping requires special considerations. Dried blood spot cards, which …

Dna Extraction Method Development For Solid Tissues, Ryan Powers, Noah R. Schultz, Brandon J. Burger, John Dougherty Jr., Ezenna Obilor, Alexander Ruiz, Corwin Frey, Nathaniel Hill, Lara Laughrey, Patrick Tanner Brain, Sara Mcmahon, Parker Feltner, Steven Tung, Daoud Sajady, Elden Jenkins, Julian Jarquin, Serin Baker, Aaron Andrews, John A. Kriak, Kyle B. Bills, David W. Sant

Annual Research Symposium

Although germline variation testing is traditionally performed using DNA obtained from blood or other liquid samples, determining somatic variation in cancer samples requires DNA extraction directly from tissues. Additionally, epigenetic markers, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are tissue-specific and change in selected disease states. However, several substances present in tissues are known to inhibit downstream reactions, including polymerase chain reaction PCR). For this project, we are assessing the quantity and quality of DNA obtained from extractions of various vital organs using 30 different commercially available DNA extraction kits to determine optimal kits for each tissue.

Investigating The Genetics Of Chronic Intractable Migraine With Reactive Hypoglycemia, C Yvonne Russell, Jacob Warner, Brandon J. Burger, Jordan Cutshall, Naeel Uddin, Patrick Tanner Brain, Alessandra Maisie Rivera, Braden Cunningham, Kailee Edwards, Katie Beechay, Luke Sanders, Zachary Ta, John A. Kriak, David W. Sant, Kyle B. Bills

Annual Research Symposium

Migraines affect roughly 1-in-6 males and 1-in-5 females in the United States. Of these, approximately 5-30% experience intractable migraines, or migraines resistant to abortive treatments. Despite this large population, relatively little is known about intractable migraines compared to other types of migraines. Our recent work indicates that reactive hypoglycemia is common among these individuals. Additionally, empirical evidence suggests that individuals in families with chronic intractable migraines are more likely to have the same condition than people of the general population, suggesting a possible genetic link between both migraines and metabolic abnormalities. Previous Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have found several …

Surface Modifications Of Orthodontic Bone Screws - A Novel Approach, Sai Kalyan Menta Dr, Ravi M. S

Annual Research Symposium

Anchorage control plays a key role in the correction of malocclusion. With the advent of orthodontic bone screws, attaining absolute anchorage control has become hassle free. They have the advantages of low cost, simple surgical placement, and ease of removal; therefore, they are convenient in the treatment of various malocclusions. Although the clinical stability of bone screws is exceptionally high, stability of the bone screws is compromised by factors such as microbial contamination and morphological defects. To overcome this, surface modifications are introduced to enhance the stability of the bone screws.

The Transformative Potential Of Ligaplants In Replicating Natural Tooth Connections, Mohan Prasad, Mohan Muthu Kumar

Annual Research Symposium

Over the past decade, dental implants have become the gold standard in tooth replacement, with osseointegrated implants reigning supreme. However, these implants present certain limitations, notably the absence of the periodontal ligament (PDL). In response to this challenge, innovative periodontal ligament implants, known as ligaplants, have emerged. By combining tissue engineering principles with cutting-edge implant materials, ligaplants offer a promising alternative to traditional implants, showcasing superior biological performance and potentially extending prosthetic life.Dental implantology has witnessed a transformative shift over the last ten years, with osseointegrated implants dominating the landscape of tooth replacement. Despite their widespread adoption, these implants face …

Automated Micronuclei Detection In Exfoliated Oral Epithelial Cells Of Smokers Using Image Analysing Softwares, Mukul Saini, Sowmya Sv, Dominic Augustine, Sanjana Shetty, Saiprasad Alva

Annual Research Symposium

Micronuclei assay yields an excellent path to monitor individuals or populations exposed to mutagenic, genotoxic or teratogenic events. Micronuclei are small nucleic structures formed due to the deposition of nuclear envelopes around lagging chromosomes that persist in the interphase. Mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-nitrosamines are believed to be responsible for the formation of micronuclei. Hence, micronuclei detection in exfoliated oral epithelial cells of smokers is a significant biomarker for genotoxicity and to identify cellular changes of biological importance to carcinogenesis. While studies have been conducted for the detection of micronuclei in smokers, they may …

Unlocking The Secrets Of Stem Cells In Orthodontics, Ravi M. S

Annual Research Symposium

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) have immense potential for use in tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. These cells are influenced by mechanical forces, particularly in orthodontic applications. Understanding how mechanical stress modulates stem cell behavior is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Meditation In Reducing Chronic Pain Among The Elderly: A Pilot Study, Rosly Joby

Annual Research Symposium

This study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation (MM)techniques in alleviating pain and enhancing well-being in the elderly. Given the prevalence of chronic pain in older adults, especially those in residential aged-care facilities, there is a growing need for effective non-pharmacological pain management strategies.

Investigating The Role Of Chaos In Minimizing Tumor Growth, Maxwell Geiger

Annual Research Symposium

Chaos is a type of motion found in mathematical systems that is highly sensitive to initial conditions. While many biological systems described in literature have been analyzed for the presence of chaotic dynamics, there are still many that are yet to be discovered. The goal of this project is to reassess Itik and Banks’ discovery of chaotic behavior in their population dynamics model of cancer growth. Once chaotic behavior is confirmed, we want to investigate how chaos could possibly be controlled to minimize tumor growth and discover novel treatments for cancer patients.

Late Cardiotoxicity From The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Dasatinib: Pleural Effusions, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, And Right Heart Failure, Mark Jay Zucker, Andrew M. Zucker

The VAD Journal

Despite the remarkable progress made over the past few decades in the management of patients with both solid and hematologic malignancies, radiation- and chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity remains an ongoing problem. This is true even for newer highly targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This report presents a case of late/severe right heart dysfunction secondary to pulmonary hypertension, developed after ten years of therapy with dasatinib. We also review the history of this known, but often unrecognized, and potentially reversible complication, and we suggest treatment options. Additionally, this case highlights the remarkable effectiveness of TKIs in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia …

A Pharmacist’S Central Role In Improving Hormonal Contraceptive Access, Aleese Smith, Urvi Patel, Alexandra Arledge, Josie Young, Erin Johanson

Annual Research Symposium

In 2019, the roles of Utah pharmacists grew with the implementation of a statewide standing order allowing prescribing abilities for hormonal contraceptives. With the rates of unplanned pregnancies in Utah up to 1 in every 5; pharmacists have a new role in birth control distribution. Pharmacists and pharmacy interns across the state of Utah are able to prescribe self-administered hormonal contraceptive medications including: oral pills, vaginal insertion medications, and birth control patches. Pharmacists are entrusted with the responsibility to evaluate the patient and their needs to ensure all women receiving birth control are educated about the risks and side effects …

The National Status Of Pharmacists’ Ability To Prescribe Hormonal Contraceptives, Aleese Smith, Urvi Patel, Alexandra Arledge, Josie Young, Erin Johanson

Annual Research Symposium

The scope of practice for pharmacists first expanded in California and Oregon with the ability to prescribe hormonal contraceptives to patients in their communities. Since 2016, over 33 states now allow for pharmacist prescribing of birth control in their pharmacy practice laws.

90% of Americans live within 5 miles of a retail pharmacy, making community pharmacies an accessible resource who may otherwise be unable to access contraceptives. The gap in care experienced by certain patient populations is now being filled by pharmacists with their ability to prescribe birth control.

You May Delay, But Time Will Not. Beta Cells Lost Are Never Found Again, Susan Renda, Jeffrey Freeman

PCOM Scholarly Works

Since its first use just over a century ago, insulin treatment has evolved dramatically, such that the molecules are physiologic in nature, and treatment can now closely resemble the natural hormone response over 24 hours. Newer, longer-acting basal insulin analogs have provided insulin therapies with improved characteristics and, therefore, ease of use, and can readily be incorporated as part of routine treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence suggests that insulin remains underused in people with T2D. We review the barriers to initiation of basal insulin and the education needed to address these barriers, and we provide practical pointers, …

Conceptualizing Care Partners' Burden, Stress, And Support For Reintegrating Veterans: A Mixed Methods Study, Nicholas A. Rattray, Mindy Flanagan, Allison Mann, Leah Danson, Ai-Nghia Do, Diana Natividad, Katrina Spontak, Gala True

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: People who support Veterans as they transition from their military service into civilian life may be at an increased risk of psychological distress. Existing studies focus primarily on paid family caregivers, but few studies include spouses and informal non-family "care partners." We sought to identify key challenges faced by care partners of Veterans with invisible injuries. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 individuals involved in supporting a recently separated US military Veteran enrolled in a 2-year longitudinal study. CPs completed validated measures on perceived stress, caregiving burden, quality of their relationship, life satisfaction, and flourishing. Independent -tests were …

Risk Factors Associated With Poor Outcomes After Quadriceps Tendon Repair, Carlo Coadonato, Neel K. Patel, John Hayden Sonnier, Gregory Connors, Matthew Sabitsky, Emma Johnson, Donald W. Mazur, Shyam Brahmabhatt, Kevin Freedman

Rothman Institute Papers

Background:

Ruptures of the quadriceps tendon present most frequently in older adults and individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Purpose:

To examine the relationship between patient-specific factors and tear characteristics with outcomes after quadriceps tendon repair.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on all patients who underwent quadriceps tendon repair between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2021, at a single institution. Patients <18 years and those with chronic quadriceps tendon tears (>6 weeks to surgery) were excluded. Information was collected regarding patient characteristics, presenting symptoms, tear characteristics, physical examination findings, and postoperative outcomes. Poor outcome was defined as a need for …

Alcohol Impairs Bioenergetics And Differentiation Capacity Of Myoblasts From Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Female Macaques, Danielle E. Levitt, Brianna L. Bourgeois, Keishla M. Rodríguez-Graciani, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Alcohol misuse and HIV independently induce myopathy. We previously showed that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) administration, with or without simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), decreases differentiation capacity of male rhesus macaque myoblasts. We hypothesized that short-term alcohol and CBA/SIV would synergistically decrease differentiation capacity and impair bioenergetic parameters in female macaque myoblasts. Myoblasts from naïve (CBA−/SIV−), vehicle [VEH]/SIV, and CBA/SIV (N = 4–6/group) groups were proliferated (3 days) and differentiated (5 days) with 0 or 50 mM ethanol (short-term). CBA/SIV decreased differentiation and increased non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) versus naïve and/or VEH/SIV. Short-term alcohol decreased differentiation; increased maximal and non-mitochondrial …

Differences In Spine Growth Potential For Sanders Maturation Stages 7a And 7b Have Implications For Treatment Of Idiopathic Scoliosis, Yusuke Hori, Burak Kaymaz, Luiz Carlos Almeida Da Silva, Kenneth J. Rogers, Petya K. Yorgova, Peter G. Gabos, Suken Shah, Md

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Purpose
This study aimed to clarify the differences in spine and total body height growth and curve progression between Sanders maturation stage (SMS) 7A and 7B in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods
This retrospective case–control study involving patients with AIS at SMS 7 evaluated the differential gains in the spine (T1-S1) and total body height and curve progression between SMS 7A and 7B. A validated formula was used to calculate the corrected height, accounting for height loss due to scoliosis. A multivariable non-linear and logistic regression model was applied to assess the distinct growth and curve progression patterns …

Mortality Outcomes In A Large Population With And Without Covert Cerebrovascular Disease, Úna Clancy, Eric J Puttock, Wansu Chen, William Whiteley, Ellen M Vickery, Lester Y Leung, Patrick H Luetmer, David F Kallmes, Sunyang Fu, Chengyi Zheng, Hongfang Liu, David M Kent

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Covert cerebrovascular disease (CCD) is frequently reported on neuroimaging and associates with increased dementia and stroke risk. We aimed to determine how incidentally-discovered CCD during clinical neuroimaging in a large population associates with mortality. We screened CT and MRI reports of adults aged ≥50 in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health system who underwent neuroimaging for a non-stroke clinical indication from 2009-2019. Natural language processing identified incidental covert brain infarcts (CBI) and/or white matter hyperintensities (WMH), grading WMH as mild/moderate/severe. Models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, multimorbidity, vascular risks, depression, exercise, and imaging modality. Of n=241,028, the mean age was …

Cancergpt For Few Shot Drug Pair Synergy Prediction Using Large Pretrained Language Models, Tianhao Li, Sandesh Shetty, Advaith Kamath, Ajay Jaiswal, Xiaoqian Jiang, Ying Ding, Yejin Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to have significant potential in few-shot learning across various fields, even with minimal training data. However, their ability to generalize to unseen tasks in more complex fields, such as biology and medicine has yet to be fully evaluated. LLMs can offer a promising alternative approach for biological inference, particularly in cases where structured data and sample size are limited, by extracting prior knowledge from text corpora. Here we report our proposed few-shot learning approach, which uses LLMs to predict the synergy of drug pairs in rare tissues that lack structured data and features. …

Social, Cognitive, And Teaching Presence As Predictors Of Online Student Engagement Among Msn Students, Mark Littler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The dynamics of higher education have changed as a result of online learning. However, it can be challenging for teachers to effectively engage students online. Furthermore, limited research about the relationship between presence and online student engagement is a social problem that impacts the quality of online nursing education. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative research study was to examine the relationship between social presence, cognitive presence, teaching presence, and online student engagement among MSN students. The community of inquiry (CoI) framework was used to guide this study. The research question addressed the relationship between social presence, cognitive presence, teaching …

Intouch Week Of February 19, 2024, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Goes Red for National Heart Month
• Demolition of Section of Building 800 Scheduled for March
• LCME Element of the Week
• Faculty Spotlight: NYMC Research | Stephan Mayer, M.D.

Comparison Of Thulium Fiber Laser Versus Holmium Laser In Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review, Xiaoyu Tang, Shaojie Wu, Zhilong Li, Du Wang, Cheng Lei, Tongzu Liu, Xinghuan Wang, Sheng Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of thulium fiber laser (TFL) to holmium: YAG (Ho: YAG) laser in ureteroscopic lithotripsy for urolithiasis.

METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, SinoMed, CNKI database, VIP and Wanfang Database were systematically searched for all relevant clinical trials until September 2023. References were explored to identify the relevant articles. Meta-analysis was carried out for the retrieved studies using RevMan5.4.1 software, and the risk ratio, mean difference and 95% confidence interval were expressed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The main outcomes of this meta-analysis were stone-free rate (SFR), perioperative outcomes and intraoperative or postoperative complications.

RESULTS: Thirteen studies, including 1394 patients, were included. According to the results of pooled analysis, …

Correction: Neural Correlates Of Automatic Emotion Regulation And Their Association With Suicidal Ideation In Adolescents During The First 90-Days Of Residential Care, Matthew Dobbertin, Karina S Blair, Joseph Aloi, Sahil Bajaj, Johannah Bashford-Largo, Avantika Mathur, Ru Zhang, Erin Carollo, Amanda Schwartz, Jaimie Elowsky, J L Ringle, Patrick Tyler, R James Blair

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Automated Denoising Of Hcp Datasets And Refined Individual Parcellation, Chunhui Yang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Functional MRI (fMRI) has long been employed to tackle questions related to “how the brain works”. Nevertheless, the data collected through fMRI typically contains a substantial amount of variation due to artifacts and noise, with only a small fraction reflecting genuine neural signals, thus highlighting the need for denoising. Moreover, it is crucial that the fMRI denoising methods be highly accurate by minimizing inclusion of artifacts that could be mistaken for neurobiological signals, while minimizing the removal of genuine neural signals to prevent the potential mischaracterization of brain areas or functional networks. Similarly, when studying parcellation of individual brains into …

The Frequency Of Pathogenic Variation In The All Of Us Cohort Reveals Ancestry-Driven Disparities, Eric Venner, Karynne Patterson, Divya Kalra, Marsha M Wheeler, Yi-Ju Chen, Sara E Kalla, Bo Yuan, Jason H Karnes, Kimberly Walker, Joshua D Smith, Sean Mcgee, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Andrew Haddad, Philip E Empey, Qiaoyan Wang, Lee Lichtenstein, Diana Toledo, Gail Jarvik, Anjene Musick, Richard A Gibbs

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Disparities in data underlying clinical genomic interpretation is an acknowledged problem, but there is a paucity of data demonstrating it. The All of Us Research Program is collecting data including whole-genome sequences, health records, and surveys for at least a million participants with diverse ancestry and access to healthcare, representing one of the largest biomedical research repositories of its kind. Here, we examine pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants that were identified in the All of Us cohort. The European ancestry subgroup showed the highest overall rate of pathogenic variation, with 2.26% of participants having a pathogenic variant. Other ancestry groups …

P90rsk Pathway Inhibition Synergizes With Cisplatin In Tmem16a Overexpressing Head And Neck Cancer, Abdulkader Yassin-Kassab, Suman Chatterjee, Nayel Khan, Nathaniel Wang, Vlad C Sandulache, Eric H-B Huang, Timothy F Burns, Umamaheswar Duvvuri

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes one of the most common types of human cancers and often metastasizes to lymph nodes. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs are commonly used for treatment of a wide range of cancers, including HNSCC. Its mode of action relies on its ability to impede DNA repair mechanisms, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, due to acquired resistance and toxic side-effects, researchers have been focusing on developing novel combinational therapeutic strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance. In the current study, we identified p90RSK, an ERK1/2 downstream target, as a key mediator and a targetable signaling node against …

Understanding The Nebulisation Of Antibiotics: The Key Role Of Lung Microdialysis Studies, Jayesh Dhanani, Jason A Roberts, Antoine Monsel, Antoni Torres, Marin Kollef, Jean-Jacques Rouby, European Investigators Network For Nebulized Antibiotics In Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Nebulisation of antibiotics is a promising treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Ensuring effective antibiotic concentrations at the site of infection in the interstitial space fluid is crucial for clinical outcomes. Current assessment methods, such as epithelial lining fluid and tissue homogenates, have limitations in providing longitudinal pharmacokinetic data.

MAIN BODY: Lung microdialysis, an invasive research technique predominantly used in animals, involves inserting probes into lung parenchyma to measure antibiotic concentrations in interstitial space fluid. Lung microdialysis offers unique advantages, such as continuous sampling, regional assessment of antibiotic lung concentrations and avoidance of bronchial contamination. However, …

Genetic Drivers Of Heterogeneity In Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology, Ken Suzuki, Ping An, Adam E. Locke, Michael A. Province, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

A Digital Intervention To Promote Self-Management Self-Efficacy Among Community-Dwelling Individuals With Stroke: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Zhaoying Li, Yating Lei, Quoc Bui, Olivia Depaul, Ginger E Nicol, David C Mohr, Sunghoon I Lee, Mandy W M Fong, Christopher L Metts, Stephanie E Tomazin, Alex W K Wong

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions provided through smartphones or the internet that are guided by a coach have been proposed as promising solutions to support the self-management of chronic conditions. However, digital intervention for poststroke self-management is limited; we developed the interactive Self-Management Augmented by Rehabilitation Technologies (iSMART) intervention to address this gap.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial effects of the iSMART intervention to improve self-management self-efficacy in people with stroke.

METHODS: A parallel, 2-arm, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial of 12-week duration was conducted. A total of 24 participants with mild-to-moderate chronic stroke were randomized to receive …