Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Improving Iol Calculators’ Total Corneal Astigmatism Predictions With Deep Learning, Jason Fink, Mathieu Gauvin, Chirag Shah, Mark Cohen, Avi Wallerstein

Research Day

Precise intraocular lens (IOL) selection plays a critical role in optimizing surgical outcomes for patients undergoing IOL surgery. Traditionally, only the anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) was considered during IOL selection. However, the posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), also significantly impacts vision, though it is more challenging to measure directly. Advancements in deep learning offer a promising solution. By analyzing existing ACA measurements, deep learning algorithms can predict total corneal astigmatism (TCA) with high accuracy, effectively inferring PCA and enabling more precise IOL selection.

We employed a multivariate linear regression neural network (NN) and evaluated its performance through R-squared and root mean …

Increasing Motivation In Stem Education: A Self-Talk Classroom Intervention, Tiffany L. Copeland, Richard Allen, Sofia Pham, Kristin Gagnier

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: This study examines a social-emotional learning intervention that teaches positive self-talk to high school students from underrepresented minority groups in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The setting of this study is a place-based program that immerses students in hands-on STEM activities while located in Philadelphia’s life science hub. Before taking a science assessment, students will learn to say self-talk statements such as “I will give my best effort” and “I can achieve a high score.”

METHODS: This mixed method quasi-experimental design compares pre- and post-program data using an ANOVA. Student science performance will be measured using a probe …

Sleep Quality Monitoring With Wearable Devices After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty, Yash P. Chaudhry, Hunter Hayes, Efstratios Papadelis, Thomas Muzzonigro, Mark Lagreca, Kenneth Wojnowski, John Hobbs, Jackson Harvi, Andrew Star

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are often subjected to immediate postsurgical pain and disruption of sleep. Recent studies have explored the role of postoperative sleep disruption using subjective assessments, however the literature on objective markers of sleep quality remain sparse. The aim of this pilot study was to assess objective measures of sleep quality in the immediate postoperative period following TKA.

METHODS:

Patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA at a level two medical center were enrolled in a prospective study in which they wore wearable sleep tracking devices (WHOOP, USA) for at least a week prior to surgery and …

Enhancing Intracellular Delivery Of Protein Kinase C Beta Ii Via N-Terminus Conjugation Of Myristic Acid-Trans-Activator Of Transcription To Attenuate Superoxide Release In Rat Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Alexandra Barrera, Jennifer Dang, Denise Pinto, Alexis Verwoert, Sunit Singh, Emily Andrews, Arjun Nair, Devani Johnson, Taylor Dilisi, Annam Humayun, Tameka Dean, Juliet Melnik, Mai An Le, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction

Protein kinase C beta II (PKCβII) activation promotes polymorphonuclear (PMN) superoxide (SO) production by phosphorylating serine and threonine amino acid residues on NADPH oxidase (NOX-2). Previous studies have shown that cell-permeable myristic acid-conjugated PKCβII inhibitor (myr-PKCβII-; SLNPEWNET) (20 µM) attenuated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced PMN SO release when compared to scrambled peptides (myr-Tat-PKCβII- scram; WNPESLNTE), unconjugated peptides and nontreated controls by ~35%. This suggests an enhanced intracellular delivery of PKCβII-. Studies have also shown that SO release is attenuated via the trans-activator of transcription-conjugated (Tat; YGRKKRRQRRR) NOX-2 inhibitor (Nox2ds-Tat) (80 µM) by ~37%. There have not been evaluations of …

Lessons Learned From Protein Kinase C Epsilon Peptide Mitigation Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury For Post-Transplant Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) And The Key Function Of Uncoupled Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase In This Process, Taurai Augustin, Kerry-Anne Perkins, Desmond Tanoh Boakye, Yanlin Jiang, James George, Anupam Agarwal, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is marked by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion, causing cellular injury. Uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a major source of ROS in myocardial I/R, hindlimb I/R, and kidney extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. During reperfusion, activation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) enhances ROS via uncoupled eNOS due to an increased dihydrobiopterin/tetrahydrobiopterin ratio. Inhibiting uncoupled eNOS using myristic acid conjugated-PKCε peptide inhibitor (N-Myr-EAVSLKPT [Myr-PKCε-]) attenuates ROS. This study examined the effects of Myr-PKCε- in kidney I/R. We hypothesized that Myr-PKCε- will exert renal-protective effects by attenuating PKCε translocation in kidney I/R compared to …

Research For The Whole Person: 13 Years Of Research Day At Pcom, Jackie K. Werner

Research Day

In 2011, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine’s Center for Chronic Diseases of Aging and Sigma Xi chapter jointly sponsored PCOM’s first annual Research Day. In honor of PCOM’s 125th anniversary, this poster takes a look at how Research Day has grown over the years and how the research shared has impacted many communities.

Analysis Of Oite By Subsection From 2017 - 2022 With Comparison To Abos Part 1 Certifying Examination, Nicholas Abate, Mark Lagreca, Brandon Klein, Luke Bartlett, Randy Cohn

Research Day

Introduction:

In light of recent efforts of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) to align the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) with the Part I Certifying Exam, this study assessed each section of recent OITEs and compared content between the OITE exams and the ABOS part 1 exam outline.

Methods:

A cross-sectional review was performed using questions from 2017 – 2022 OITE exams. Question domains, subtopics, journal references, publication lag time, imaging modalities, and question taxonomy were reviewed for each exam section. The AAOS ResStudy online module was used to extract question …

Examining The Relationship Between Outcome Expectancies And Anxiety Severity In Patients Using Medical Marijuana, Paulina Syracuse, Stephen R. Poteau

Research Day

Many states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use despite it being classified as a Schedule I controlled substance. Although research regarding its efficacy is limited, one of the most common medical marijuana referral reasons is anxiety, and patients often report experiencing reductions in anxiety. Many patients have beliefs about the effects of medical marijuana, called outcome expectancies, which may differ based on previous recreational marijuana use. These beliefs may influence anxiety outcomes, but this relationship is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between patients’ medical marijuana outcome expectancies, previous recreational marijuana use, …

Rates Of Intimate Partner Violence In A Child-Welfare Based Ipv Prevention Program, Athena R. Roca, Elizabeth Gosch, Alexa Bonacquisti, Michael B. Roberts

Research Day

Introduction:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem with significant personal and public health effects. IPV is defined as acts of psychological, physical, financial, and sexual abuse between current or former intimate partners (Cameranesi & Piotrowski, 2020). According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV), ten million adults experience IPV annually in the United States (NCADV, 2020). Primarily, women are identified as the survivors or victims of IPV, while men are often the persons causing harm (PCH). Research indicates that one out of every four women is impacted by IPV within their lifetime (NCADV, 2020).

Objectives:

Currently, there …

Impact Of Craniectomy Size On Complications And Outcomes: A Single-Center Experience, Nathaniel Neavling, Manisha Koneru, Hamail Iqbal, Joseph Ifrach, Clint Badger, Corey Mossop, Ajith Thomas, Daniel Tonetti

Research Day

Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy is a pervasive treatment modality for malignant ischemic stroke and traumatic injury. Minimum craniectomy size is an established TBI guideline. However, there is no consensus on optimal craniectomy sizing in relation to patient head size. Preliminary studies within the literature suggest that bone flap circumference to skull hemi-circumference ratios greater than 65% showed significantly better ICP control. Here, we examined complication rates and 1-year follow-up GOS-E in relation to patient head and craniectomy size.

Methods: Patients undergoing craniectomy for ischemic stroke or traumatic injury at a single site were analyzed between December 2013 and June 2023. Axial …

The Liebelt Attitudes, Knowledge, And Engagement Scale: The Development And Validation Of A Psychometric Test Between Rural And Urban Adults, Anna F. Liebelt, Robert A. Ditomasso

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: While the prevalence of mental illness is comparable between rural and urban populations, adults in rural locations receive mental health treatment on a less frequent basis, and when received, the care offered is of lower quality relative to urban adults. Underutilization of mental health services in rural areas is a serious, well-documented problem and has been attributed to several possible factors, including geographic inaccessibility, reduced access to appropriate or culturally competent providers, lack of anonymity when seeking treatment, and reluctance to seek help due to discrimination and stigma. However, rural individuals may also remain reluctant to initiate treatment, possibly …

Differentiating Chronic Neuropathic Rib Pain: A Case Report, Emily Andrews, Anna Klunk, Alberto Giardini

Research Day

Background: Thoracic pain can be challenging to diagnose due to a wide variety of etiologies in the area. Intercostal neuromas are a potential source of pain in the thoracic region. In the setting of blunt intercostal trauma, neuromas should be higher on the differential following rib fracture, anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), slipping rib syndrome, costochondritis, and visceral etiologies. ACNES and intercostal neuromas can present similarly and lead to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.

Case Description: 69-year-old male with a complex medical history who was evaluated in the OMM Clinic at PCOM for left sided rib pain for 10 …

Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use, Mood Lability, And Quality Of Life Among Graduate Students, Anastasia Skliros, Donald P. Masey, Ashley Poole, Michael B. Roberts

Research Day

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed in childhood, yet research indicates that symptoms persist into adulthood for approximately two-thirds of clinical cases. Stimulant medications are the primary treatment for all ADHD presentations across developmental ages. This prospective study investigated the relationship between nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NMPSU), mood, anxiety, and quality of life among graduate college students. Quantitative data from 321 participants were obtained using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) measure. Four participant groups were examined: those with ADHD engaging in NMPSU, …

Examining The Effects Of A Teacher-Led Coaching Intervention On Increasing Paraprofessionals’ Use Of Behavior-Specific Praise In An Approved Private School Setting, Melanie Singh, Barry Mccurdy

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: The role of paraprofessionals in education is important as they support students in classrooms in conjunction with teachers. While the role of a paraprofessional can vary based on the needs of the school, classroom, and student, paraprofessionals are known to support students at the individual and group levels by providing academic and/or behavioral support. Despite their roles being prevalent in education, paraprofessionals may benefit from additional training methods, specifically when working with students with behavioral needs and applying behavior-specific praise (BSP) to students in the classroom setting. Research has shown that performance feedback (PF), when applied to paraprofessionals through …

Peri And Postoperative Complications Of Minimally Invasive Tubal Ligation Versus Salpingectomy For Permanent Contraception, Alexandra Mcquillen, Vaishnavi Patel, Shelby Boock, Kimberly Toumazos, Young Son, Komal Sharma, Grace Lara, Virgil Kevin Demario, Devki Patel

Research Day

INTRODUCTION

Salpingectomy and Tubal Ligation are commonly performed procedures for permanent contraception in women. Salpingectomy has been suggested to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but its comparative operative and perioperative risks have not been well established. The objective of this study is to compare peri and postoperative complications of minimally invasive tubal ligation versus salpingectomy for permanent contraception.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent Salpingectomy or Tubal Ligation for permanent contraception between 2018 and 2021 using data from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. The primary outcomes …

The Covid-19 Pandemic: Predictors Of Inpatient Admission For The Severely Mentally Ill, Ashley Killoren, David Rubenstein

Research Day

Introduction: How we understand mental health and its treatment has evolved over the past century. From the 19th century to the present day, different eras have reflected how mental illness is defined, how it is treated, who is treated, and the emergence and evolution among mental health treatment facilities and standards of care. This progression over time has reflected ongoing changes to different considerations of the etiology of mental illness. Each era has also reflected changes in the environmental and socio-geopolitical climate, resulting in the emergence of representative clinical phenomena (e.g., PTSD) and demographic factors (e.g., immigration trends) that have …

Rapid Increase Of Female But Not Male Obesity: Analysis Of The 2023 Vanuatu Health Transition Project Survey On Aneityum, Matthew Christian, Olivia Lasalle, Zhiqiao Huang, Hannah Chen, Ricky Chen, J. Koji Lum

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Globally, obesity rates are continuing to increase and countries in the midst of modernization are most vulnerable. Developing nations are undergoing a health transition alongside rapid economic modernization. The nation of Vanuatu, like other Pacific island countries, is experiencing such a transition marked by decreased cases of infectious disease and increased incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Aneityum is a small and sparsely populated island in Vanuatu and is behind more developed islands in its transition. This present study is the latest in a multi-year project examining health in Vanuatu as it undergoes a health transition with an increased prevalence …

Measurement Of Transmission Efficiency Of Blue Light Blocking Devices, Jada Lee

Honors Theses

Technology and light sources have experienced a revolution in recent years leading to the production of light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. White-light LED bulbs undergo degradation over time, leading to a rise in color temperature and a proportional increase in the emission of blue light from these bulbs. The small size of LEDs makes them the optimal choice for electronic devices because of their limited screen size. This means that blue light now exists in red, green, and blue solid-state illumination systems that did not exist a decade ago. It is debated if blue light induces toxic effects on the …

Outcomes Of Mechanical Circulatory Support In Stemi Patients With Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From The National Inpatient Sample, Rahul Gupta, Chukwuemeka Umeh, Priya Hotwani Md, Gagan Kaur, Raghav Dhawan, Benson Eghreriniovo, Tamanna Mohta, Payaam Mahdavian, Eseosa Sanwo, Sabina Kumar, Mark A. Zainea, Jay Mohan

Internal Medicine Residency

Background

Methods

Results

Improving Initial Management Of Acute Musculoskeletal Pain In The Emergency Department, Cynthia Y. Norris

Cohort XII

Background/Problem Statement: Acute musculoskeletal pain is one of the major chief complaints amongst Emergency Department (ED) visits each year. In the United States, approximately 41.9 million annual ED visits are musculoskeletal pain related (Fontánez, et al., 2021). Yet, data statistics demonstrate at least 40% of patients reported their pain remained unchanged during their presentation to an ED (Bussey et al., 2020).

Aims/Methods: At University Medical Center, site of the quality improvement project, a total of 91,455 ED annual visits were reported in the latest data reports (El Paso County Hospital District 2022 Annual Report, 2022). This paper chronicles the implementation …

An Exploratory Study Investigating The Potential Application Of Coping Strategies For Pain Used By Athletes And Their Potential Application To Patients Dealing With Chronic Pain, Joseph D. Harrington, Bs, Erika L. Manning, Phd, Md, Mph, Robert J. Diecidue, Dmd, Md, Mba, Msph

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Posters

Abstract

• High-level athletes often have elevated tolerance for experimental pain methods.¹
• Research has not focused on the specific mechanisms behind this.
• The current study was designed to assess the potential role of coping strategies in this elevated pain tolerance - Phase 2 will examine if they can be taught to chronic orofacial pain patients.
• During Phase 1, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire² was modified for athletes and was distributed to 50 athletes to assess how athletes dealt with pain.
• In comparison to TMD patients, more of the athletes reported that they chose to ignore or reinterpret the pain, or …

Sdrnas Participate In The Maintenance And Onset Of Prostate Cancer, Neil Chaudhary

Poster Presentations

What is an sdRNA? Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA that includes microRNA (miRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Fragments excised from ncRNAs are known as noncodingderived RNA (ndRNA). A certain class of ndRNAs that are derived from snoRNAs have been denoted as Small Nucleolar Derived RNAs (sdRNAs). Our lab has previously hypothesized and demonstrated that sdRNAs display regulatory functions on target genes, similar to the functions of miRNAs. sdRNAs are almost identical to microRNAs and differ mainly in their source of origin.

Our lab has shown that sdRNA-93 is frequently misexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and …

Evolution Of Medical Ethics During American Civil War, Luke Love

Poster Presentations

This thesis will explore the relationship between medical ethics and the American Civil War through a microhistorical approach. This includes analyzing the ways in which the physician-patient relationship was conducted and which medical practices were deemed ethical and by whom. Changes that occurred in medical ethics during the war will be analyzed and explained.

Conversations To Find One’S Truth: Coaching In Medical Student Education, Binata Mukherjee, Jenna Pfleeger, Clista Clanton, Maria Renee Roca Garcia, Gurupreet Khalsa, Haidee Custodio

CoTL 2024 Research Talks

Following coach training for College of Medicine faculty and leadership, the benefits of coaching for inculcating the habit of self-reflection to find one’s truth and create learning paths was recognized. While there was unanimous agreement to implement coaching for medical students, the contributing factors for the success of or barriers to academic medical coaching programs were ambiguous. We embarked on a scoping review to understand how coaching is being used for medical learners, and will share our process and preliminary discoveries.

Classroom-Based Simulation & Clinical Education Innovations Improve Graduate Education, Brenda L. Beverly, Emma A. Townsend

CoTL 2024 Research Talks

Although classroom-based coursework and clinical education activities in speech-language pathology graduate programs strive to link education to relevant practice, gaps persist. Parent-implemented intervention is an evidence-based practice mandated by federal law in early intervention; however, speech-language pathology graduate programs do not provide students with ample opportunities to gain relevant experience. Outcomes from two research studies supported revising classroom and clinical education, increasing educational relevance and professional preparation for students. A qualitative study with focus groups identified key implementation needs that led to the addition of role play simulation in the classroom. A follow-up study supported developing an innovative clinical model …

Graphic Novels As Learning Tools, Leesha Coleman

CoTL 2024 Research Talks

Graphic novels are not just for kids! Graphic novels can be used in nearly every aspect of teaching and learning. This presentation focuses on providing attendees with research on using graphic medicine in the classroom for retention. While the presentation focuses on Graphic Medicine, the principles can be applied to other disciplines.

Using Simulation To Enhance Undergraduate Nursing Education, Lori Prewitt Moore, Candice N. Selwyn

CoTL 2024 Posters

This poster presentation will discuss the implementation of simulation-based education in the undergraduate nursing curriculum to increase preparedness in caring for adolescent patients with symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. This topic aligns with the conference’s theme by identifying the importance of introducing nursing students to urgent and life-threatening simulated healthcare events prior to graduation. The plan for this presentation is to impart information to others regarding the use of the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning’s standards of best practice when implementing innovative, simulation-based education for nursing students. The outcome and objectives for this presentation is to …

Second Victim Syndrome: Nurses Suffering In Silence, Matthew Riehm

Dissertations

Medication errors are inherent in health care due to human fallibility and inherent systemic complexities. Nurses are often unjustly blamed after committing a medication error despite the multitude of contributing factors. Formal education and healthcare organizations focus on preventing medication errors, but little has been done to support nurses involved in these tragic incidents. Recent cases, including RaDonda Vaught and Kimberly Hiatt, demonstrated the victimization of nurses after committing medication errors that plague the healthcare system potentially causing profound psychological trauma, often known as Second Victim Syndrome, SVS. There is limited research on the phenomenon of SVS in nursing due …

Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Skill Of Involvement: Differences In First Year Adn And Bsn Nursing Students In Rural Oklahoma, Cynthia Brown

Dissertations

The impact of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) on Skill of Involvement (SOI) has not been adequately studied in nursing education. The skill of involvement is defined by Benner (2022) as necessary to expert-level nursing and it brings humanity, meaningfulness, acute situational awareness, and rapid thinking required for strong clinical decision-making in crisis management of the deteriorating patient. It is important for nurse educators to understand how SDOH impacts SOI on nursing students in order to transform the delivery of nursing education. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of SDOH on SOIs in first-year nursing students …

The Association Between Emotional Intelligence, Empathy, And Social Determinants Of Health Among Accelerated Bachelor Of Science In Nursing Students: A Multi-State Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study, Kwanza Thomas

Dissertations

This study investigated the association between emotional intelligence (managing and understanding), empathy, and social determinants of health (SDOH) among accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (ABSN) students. Despite the exponential increase in ABSN programs in the United States, little is known about the association between these variables among this nursing student population. A cross-sectional, correlational descriptive design was used to survey 104 students completing ABSN programs in Georgia, Mississippi, Philadelphia, and Texas. Participants self-reported their socioeconomic and programmatic characteristics using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Emotional intelligence (managing and understanding) was measured using two instruments, including the Situational Test of Emotional Management …