Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Enhancing The Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Performance Through Surface Defect Enrichment Of Ceria-Based Supports For Platinum Catalyst, Shaohua Xie, Yue Lu, Kailong Ye, Wei Tan, Sufeng Cao, Chunying Wang, Daekun Kim, Xing Zhang, Jeremia Loukusa, Yaobin Li, Yan Zhang, Lu Ma, Steven N Ehrlich, Nebojsa S Marinkovic, Jiguang Deng, Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Fudong Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Effective synthesis and application of single-atom catalysts on supports lacking enough defects remain a significant challenge in environmental catalysis. Herein, we present a universal defect-enrichment strategy to increase the surface defects of CeO2-based supports through H2 reduction pretreatment. The Pt catalysts supported by defective CeO2-based supports, including CeO2, CeZrOx, and CeO2/Al2O3 (CA), exhibit much higher Pt dispersion and CO oxidation activity upon reduction activation compared to their counterpart catalysts without defect enrichment. Specifically, Pt is present as embedded single atoms on the CA support with enriched surface defects (CA-HD) based on which the highly active catalyst showing embedded …

Biophysics Of Protein-Lipid Interactions, Paula A Bender, Vasanthi Jayaraman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The biological phenomenon of protein-lipid interactions in cell membranes underlies the diversity of peripheral membrane protein function and physical properties of the membrane. To summarize novel findings in the field, this research highlight focuses on recent publications in Biophysical Journal.

Early Bolus Epinephrine Administration During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation For Bradycardia With Poor Perfusion: An Icu-Resuscitation Study, Amanda O'Halloran, Ron Reeder, Robert Berg, Tageldin Ahmed, Michael Bell, Robert Bishop, Matthew Bochkoris, Candice Burns, Joseph Carcillo, Todd Carpenter, J. Michael Dean, J. Wesley Diddle, Myke Federman, Richard Fernandez, Ericka Fink, Deborah Franzon, Aisha Frazier, Stuart Friess, Kathryn Graham, Mark Hall, David Hehir, Christopher M Horvat, Leanna Huard, Martha Kienzle, Todd Kilbaugh, Tensing Maa, Arushi Manga, Patrick Mcquillen, Kathleen Meert, Peter Mourani, Vinay Nadkarni, Maryam Naim, Daniel Notterman, Murray Pollack, Anil Sapru, Carleen Schneiter, Matthew Sharron, Neeraj Srivastava, Bradley Tilford, Alexis Topjian, Shirley Viteri, David Wessel, Heather Wolfe, Andrew Yates, Athena Zuppa, Robert Sutton, Ryan Morgan

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Half of pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events have an initial rhythm of non-pulseless bradycardia with poor perfusion. Our study objectives were to leverage granular data from the ICU-RESUScitation (ICU-RESUS) trial to: (1) determine the association of early epinephrine administration with survival outcomes in children receiving CPR for bradycardia with poor perfusion; and (2) describe the incidence and time course of the development of pulselessness.

METHODS: Prespecified secondary analysis of ICU-RESUS, a multicenter cluster randomized trial of children (< 19 years) receiving CPR in 18 intensive care units in the United States. Index events (October 2016-March 2021) lasting ≥ 2 min with a documented initial rhythm of bradycardia with poor perfusion were included. Associations between early epinephrine (first 2 min of CPR) and outcomes were evaluated with Poisson multivariable regression controlling for a priori pre-arrest characteristics. Among patients with arterial lines, intra-arrest blood pressure waveforms were reviewed to determine presence of a pulse during CPR interruptions. The temporal nature of progression to pulselessness was described and outcomes were compared between patients according to subsequent pulselessness status.

RESULTS: Of 452 eligible subjects, 322 (71%) received early epinephrine. The early epinephrine group had higher pre-arrest severity of illness …

Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Induced Antigen Loss Protects Cd5cart Cells From Fratricide Without Compromising On-Target Cytotoxicity, Royce Ma, Mae Woods, Phillip Burkhardt, Noah Crooks, Dayenne G Van Leeuwen, Daniil Shmidt, Jacob Couturier, Alexandre Chaumette, Divya Popat, Laquisa C Hill, Rayne H Rouce, Sachin Thakkar, Aaron F Orozco, Alexandre F Carisey, Malcolm K Brenner, Maksim Mamonkin

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) targeting lymphocyte antigens can induce T cell fratricide and require additional engineering to mitigate self-damage. We demonstrate that the expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD5, a prominent pan-T cell antigen, induces rapid internalization and complete loss of the CD5 protein on T cells, protecting them from self-targeting. Notably, exposure of healthy and malignant T cells to CD5.CART cells induces similar internalization of CD5 on target cells, transiently shielding them from cytotoxicity. However, this protection is short-lived, as sustained activity of CD5.CART cells in patients with T cell malignancies results in full …

Development Of A Hydrogen Peroxide-Inactivated Vaccine That Protects Against Viscerotropic Yellow Fever In A Non-Human Primate Model, Ian J Amanna, Archana Thomas, Flora Engelmann, Erika Hammarlund, Hans-Peter Raué, Adam L Bailey, Elizabeth A Poore, Benjamin K Quintel, Anne D Lewis, Michael K Axthelm, Amanda L Johnson, Lois M A Colgin, Michael S Diamond, Ilhem Messaoudi, Mark K Slifka

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic in >40 countries and causes viscerotropic disease with up to 20%-60% mortality. Successful live-attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccines were developed in the mid-1930s, but their use is restricted or formally contraindicated in vulnerable populations including infants, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. In these studies, we describe the development of a next-generation hydrogen peroxide-inactivated YF vaccine and determine immune correlates of protection based on log neutralizing index (LNI) and neutralizing titer-50% (NT

Mapping The Contribution Of The C-Linker Domain To Gating Polarity In Cnbd Channels, Jenna L Lin, Yongchang Chang, Debanjan Tewari, John Cowgill, Baron Chanda

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ion channels of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) family play a crucial role in the regulation of key biological processes, such as photoreception and pacemaking activity in the heart. These channels exhibit high sequence and structural similarity but differ greatly in their functional responses to membrane potential. The CNBD family includes hyperpolarization-activated ion channels and depolarization-activated ether-à-go-go channels. Structural and functional studies show that the differences in the coupling interface between these two subfamilies' voltage-sensing domain and pore domain may underlie their differential response to membrane polarity. However, other structural components may also contribute to defining the polarity differences in …

Potential Association Between Arsenic And Vitamin D, Mythri Chittilla, Chantal Uzoma, Desiree Brewer, Mohammed S. Razzaque

School of Medicine Publications

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The roles of vitamin D can be divided into skeletal and nonskeletal. Its skeletal roles include promoting calcium absorption in the intestines, maintaining adequate levels of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream, and supporting bone mineralization, thus preventing conditions such as rickets and osteoporosis. Nonskeletal roles encompass a range of functions, including immune system modulation, cardiovascular health, and cell growth regulation. Sufficient concentrations of vitamin D in the bloodstream are 20–100 ng/ml in men, women, and children, but individuals with more pigmented skin, live in environments with less …

Cholesterol Drugs May Improve Periodontal Disease

New Orleans Dental Association News

Recently, statin treatment applied locally into tissues during both surgical and nonsurgical procedures exhibiting a positive effect on various parameters of periodontal tissue health. When looking at this novel, not yet commonly utilized approach to the local application of statins as an adjunct to periodontal treatment, early studies have shown significant improvement in clinical parameters, such as probing depth and clinical attachment levels. This method of local statin delivery into the tissue shows promise, and should be explored by further research.

Energy Drinks, Shots, And Pre-Workout Supplements: A Brief Review, Jason M. Curtis, Jose Antonio

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Abstract

Introduction: There are many purported benefits, both physically and mentally, to consuming energy drinks, energy shots, and multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements ¹.

Methods: This current review, we used studies that investigated the benefits of ED, ES, and MIPS products. We looked for studies that reported the effects of these products, both physical and/or mental.

Review Findings: Current literature on these products suggests that the consumption of these ergogenic aids may increase power, force production, anaerobic production, muscular endurance, and endurance performance in athletes as well as improvement in many indices of mental performance ^2,15.

Practical …

Unification Of Art And Spirituality, Erin Barrus

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

David Wagenfeld, an artist and resident of Kalamazoo, Michigan, provided the cover art for the Summer 2024 edition of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). “Word Fusion” is a piece made from ink on paper that uses words to depict an image of a person walking through an environment. The image is rooted to the ground in love, joy, calmness, and peace. The person is one with themselves and their spirituality with arms portraying presence, joy, and serenity. David shares his experience of self-discovery and understanding of the beautiful dance between art and spirituality.

Letter To The Editor: The Copm: Culturally Sensitive By Design, Maryann Mccoll, Susan E. Baptiste, Anne Carswell, Mary Law, Helene Polatajko

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

No abstract provided.

Clinical Application Of The Soil Model: A Practical Case Consideration, Shivani B. Vij

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

No abstract provided.

Cultural Respect In Academia, Alondra Ammon

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Given the aim to increase diverse representation in health care to promote equitable health care outcomes, occupational therapists must critically examine how we respect cultural diversity. This opinion piece intends to highlight the importance of creating academic spaces where students can thrive and carry over those teachings beyond the classroom and into the communities they serve. The author, who identifies as a person of color, is a Ph.D. candidate and academic occupational therapy educator who integrated their constructionist epistemological lens and reviewed literature to inform a working definition of cultural respect and recommendations. Cultural respect involves recognizing, understanding, and appreciating …

A Synthesis Of Professional Socialization Literature And Educational Opportunities In Occupational Therapy, Jessica Nakos

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The purpose of this topic on education paper is to synthesize the literature on professional socialization across disciplines, emphasize professional socialization as a research priority, and discuss opportunities to improve occupational therapy education. Relevant literature from higher education, business education, and health care professions were included that support the critical role of professional socialization to development of professional identity. A critical appraisal and discussion provide reflection on the role of educators, opportunities for program improvements, and implications to occupational therapy research and education. Dimensions of meaning associated with professional socialization are introduced and offer a unique occupation-based lens through which …

Primary Care Occupational Therapy: Diagnoses, Outcomes, Reimbursement, And Team Satisfaction, Sue Dahl-Popolizio, Tina M. Sauber, Mandi Ogaard, Martina Mookadam, Shanthi V. Cambala, Felicia E. Trembath

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Literature supports including occupational therapists on primary care teams. Few occupational therapists practice in this setting. The health care community needs more information regarding the benefits of occupational therapists on the team.

Method: We completed an 18-month pilot integrating an occupational therapist in a primary care team, tracking conditions treated by the occupational therapist, visit duration, reimbursement, and level of primary care providers’ (PCP) satisfaction. We then evaluated outcomes via a retrospective chart review.

Results: Visits were brief, averaging 35 min. Longer visits did not improve outcomes. Occupational therapists were reimbursed by Medicare (47%), commercial (47%), …

A Retrospective Study Of Healthcare Needs Of Unpaid Caregivers In The United States, Ranelle M. Nissen, Jessica Mchugh Conlin, Mackenzie L. Feldhacker, Whitney Lucas Molitor, Allison J. Naber

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Introduction: Demand for caregivers is on the rise. In the US, 53 million individuals provided care in 2020. Older adults constitute nearly half of all care recipients and often receive care from a family member. This study identified the health care needs of caregivers regarding health care use, access to resources, and unmet needs.

Methods: We used a retrospective, cross-sectional design to examine existing data collected between 2013 and 2018 regarding caregiver experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test of independence.

Results: Caregivers were primarily female, White, between the 18 and 64 years …

Breastfeeding As Co-Occupation: Occupational Therapy’S Role In Promoting Health And Well-Being, Lisa Joelle Sutton, Julie D. Kugel, Dragana Krpalek, Arezou Salamat

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Even with efforts to encourage mothers to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months, the majority of women are not able to undertake breastfeeding as the sole means of infant nutrition provision for various reasons. The role of occupational therapists working with mothers who breastfeed is complex and not strongly supported in the literature. Therefore, this qualitative study was designed to examine the role that occupational therapists may engage in supporting mothers and infants in the co-occupation of breastfeeding.

Method: A qualitative phenomenological study design was applied and included 11 occupational therapists working with breastfeeding dyads. The …

The Experiences Of Routine Powered Mobility Users In An Assisted Living Facility: A Case Study, Richelle Louise Gray

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the contrasting experiences of two routine powered mobility device (PMD) users in an assisted living facility (ALF).

Method: A case study approach using three forms of data (semi-structured interview, observation, and media collection of pictures) was used to formulate a comprehensive description of the two PMD user’s experiences. Data analysis was completed using line-by-line coding and in vivo to generate possible themes. Process coding, descriptive coding, and analytic memos were then employed to better understand the connection of the data and ensure themes generated were appropriate.

Results: Following …

Preparation And Use Of Physical Agent Modalities Among U.S. Occupational Therapists: A Mixed-Methods, Exploratory-Descriptive Study, Keith Gentry, Tammy Lesage, Devin Hebble, Lilly Adams, Ashlyn Watts

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Physical agent modalities (PAMs) are used by occupational therapists to prepare for or facilitate participation in purposeful activities. However, little has been published in the last quarter century regarding how U.S. occupational therapists use and are prepared to use of PAMs in contemporary clinical practice. In this study, U.S.-based occupational therapists were surveyed regarding their use of PAMs, preparation for use, and perceptions of that preparation.

Methods: Survey data was collected from a purposive sample of 141 U.S.-based occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants as part of this exploratory-descriptive, mixed-methods study. Thematic and descriptive statistical analyses were …

Pawsitive Purpose: The Impact Of Autism Assistance Dogs On The Occupations Of Autistic Children, Morgan Starkweather, Amie E. Germain, Christine A. Kivlen

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background. The World Health Organization recognizes that participation is important to individuals’ well being; yet, autistic children participate in fewer activities compared to neurotypical children. This article aims to describe the role of autism assistance dogs (AADs) in promoting participation and engagement in occupations and activities of daily living (ADLs) for autistic children.

Method. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological design was used. Two semi-structured interviews from a narrative perspective were conducted with each participant. Four volunteer parents and primary handlers of their child’s AAD participated in the study. Inductive analysis was used to interpret open-ended questions. Following transcription, Creswell’s …

Current Landscape Of Interventions That Promote Self-Determination In Adolescents With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities In Secondary Transition: A Scoping Review, Chia-Yang Chiang, Tsu-Hsin Howe

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Purpose: Although promoting self-determination in secondary transition is an important goal when working with adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the conceptualization and definitions of self-determination and its associated skills are not consistent. The aim of this scoping review was to examine how self-determination and its associated skills have been conceptualized and defined in interventions that support secondary transition in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities and how self-determination is operationalized accordingly in those interventions.

Method: Studies published between 2006 and 2021 were searched using databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Education Source, and OTseeker. Hand-searching of bibliographies was …

Occupational Therapists’ Consideration Of Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity When Working With Adolescents: A Preliminary Study, Kristin S. Willey, Dana Howell, Camille Skubik-Peplaski

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Adolescents who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, asexual, and plus (LGBTQIA+) have reduced quality of health care because of stigma, lack of awareness, and insensitivity. Recently the American Occupational Therapy Association added sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as a personal factor in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework. It is important to understand how occupational therapists incorporate SOGI into their services provided to adolescents.

Purpose: This study explored if occupational therapists considered an adolescent client’s SOGI when providing services. Research questions included: do occupational therapists perceive that SOGI influences adolescents’ occupations, and do occupational …

Understanding The Needs Of Gender-Diverse Youth And Young Adults And Their Staff Members In Homeless Shelters And Supported Housing, Sharon Gutman, Ashley Choi, Alexis Kearney, Margaret Swarbrick Dr

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Gender-diverse youth experience twice the risk for homelessness as their same-age cisgender peers and report experiencing discrimination in homeless shelters and supported housing.

Method: Eighteen participants (9 gender-diverse residents and 9 staff members) were interviewed individually to understand their experience of and needs in these settings.

Results: The major findings included: (a) Gender-diverse service recipients felt unsafe and vulnerable in these facilities. Sharing space in which to carry out occupations of vulnerability often triggered anxiety and PTSD. (b) Gender-diverse service recipients felt that staff members did not understand how cumulative trauma adversely affected participation in programmatic …

Effectiveness Of An Occupational Therapy-Led Social Skills Group Using Parent Training: A Pilot Study, Sheryl Eckberg Zylstra, Yvonne L. Swinth, Aimee Sidhu, Julie Anderson

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Social skills support the development of a positive self-concept and engagement in a variety of life roles, habits, and routines. The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework clearly defines the occupational therapist’s role in working with children with difficulties in social skills; however, little research exists examining the effectiveness of occupational therapy-led group interventions to support social skills development. Incorporating parent training into social skill development can improve overall outcomes and reinforce skill development across contexts.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether an occupational therapy-led social skill group, combined with parent training, was effective …

The Use Of Occupational Therapy Interventions In A Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Lucy Weathers, Sarah Schwartzberg, Kenneth Pettit, Fang Wang, Shilpa Gorantla, Saad Ghafoor

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the role of occupational therapy (OT), including types of interventions that can be provided in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting, and to evaluate the use and safety of OT services in an early mobility program.

Methods: A retrospective review via medical records occurred between January 2019 and June 2020. The frequencies and adverse events of OT interventions were compared preimplementation (January–September 2019) and postimplementation (October 2019–June 2020) of an early mobility program.

Results: A convenience sample of 56 patients comprised the preimplementation group, and 83 comprised the postimplementation …

Finding Harmony In Academic Life: Blending The Teacher-Scholar Model, Shirley P. O'Brien

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy affords many role options. Academic faculty is one example of a role. Faculty are expected to participate in teaching, service, and research/scholarship activities within their roles, as shaped by institutional type. This article highlights the academic journey and considerations for embracing leadership as teacher-scholars in occupational therapy.

Formative Research About Shared Decision Making In The Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder In Pregnant Women, Ruth Jeminiwa, Phd, Fadel Dadabaev, Pharmd, Heeyoung Kim, Pharmd, Caroline Popielaski, Pharmd, Sohyeon Park, Pharmd, Meghan Gannon, Phd Msph, Diane Abatemarco, Phd, Msw, Ronald Myers, Phd, Dsw

College of Pharmacy Posters

Background

• Shared Decision Making (SDM) is an evidence-based practice that involves a discussion between a health care professional and patient to reach a mutual agreed upon treatment plan.(1)
• A recent nationally-representative study indicates that only 39% of physicians use SDM for 50% or fewer Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorders (PWOUD).(2)
• Little is known about factors that affect SDM among PWOUD. This research project aimed to address this knowledge gap.

Dental Hygiene Program Admission Criteria Key Indicators To National Board Success, Kacy Goetz

Dental Hygiene ETDs

The study evaluates the admission criteria of entry-level dental hygiene programs in the United States and their relationship to National Dental Hygiene Board Examination (NDHBE) success rates. An online survey was distributed to 327 programs, gathering data on admission criteria and NDHBE outcomes through a 16-question Microsoft Forms survey. With a response rate of 16% (53 respondents), the survey found that GPA was the most common admission criterion used by 92% of programs. The results indicated a strong negative correlation between high school GPA and NDHBE success. The study also evaluated NDHBE pass rates with board review courses taken. The …

Transitions Of Care Practice Models: Innovations Across Different Health Settings, Laressa Bethishou, Noah Fang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Being discharged from a hospital may be a joyous occasion for a patient with a long length of stay, but this process may also be riddled with medication issues. With a deluge of new medications, unclear instructions, and new costs that may be unaffordable, many patients face challenges that are all too common. Additionally, the medication list may be fraught with discrepancies of missing or inaccurate home medications, duplicate therapies of new medications prescribed, or drug-drug interactions of old and new medications.

Pharmacists and pharmacy personnel who support patients during transitions of care (TOC) are very familiar with the consequences …

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Neutrophils And Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 In Sarcoidosis Clinical Phenotypes: Implications For Tissue Remodeling Leading To Pulmonary Fibrosis, Rafael L. Perez, Md, Jeff Ritzenthaler, E. Torres-Gonzalez, Prarthna Chandar, Md, Daniel Kramer, Md, Jesse Roman, Md

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Posters

Introduction

Pulmonary sarcoidosis may resolve or progress to advanced stages. Increased lung neutrophils obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage are found in advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis. Persistence of a neutrophilic alveolitis has been postulated to result in tissue injury and remodeling that leads to fibrosis and clinical features of advanced disease. Since neutrophils are a source of matrix-degrading proteins like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we hypothesized that PMNs promote disease progression through the release of MMPs. This work explores the relationship between lung neutrophils and MMP9 levels and activity and how they are associated with sarcoidosis clinical phenotypes.