Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Global Guideline For The Diagnosis And Management Of Candidiasis: An Initiative Of The Ecmm In Cooperation With Isham And Asm, Oliver A. Cornely, Rosanne Sprute, Matteo Bassetti, Sharon C-A Chen, Andreas H. Groll, Oliver Kurzai, Cornelia Lass Flörl, Luis Ostrosky Zeichner, Riina Rautemaa Richardson, Gunturu Revathi

Pathology, East Africa

Candida species are the predominant cause of fungal infections in patients treated in hospital, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis primarily affect patients who are immunocompromised or critically ill. In contrast, mucocutaneous forms of candidiasis, such as oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis, can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. Although mucocutaneous candidiasis is generally not life-threatening, it can cause considerable discomfort, recurrent infections, and complications, particularly in patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes or in those taking immunosuppressive therapies. The rise of difficult-to-treat Candida infections is driven by new host factors and antifungal …

Creating Seamless Transitions To Manage Type 1 Diabetes In Emerging Adult College Students, Carol Newton Highsmith

Journal of Research Initiatives

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex disease that can be challenging to manage in the college environment. An effective communication strategy is vital to ensure that first-year students entering college with T1D take advantage of campus resources for self-management and self-advocacy. This qualitative study examined the perceptions of academic healthcare professionals regarding the availability and gaps in services for students with T1D at higher education institutions. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interview questions were posed to 17 service providers employed in health and wellness (n=9), nursing (n=4), and student support services (n=4) at 4-year universities. The findings revealed three …

Seroprevalence And Associated Factors For Hepatitis B And Hepatitis C Viral Infection Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus In Northern Tanzania, Doreen T. Eliah, Nyasatu G. Chamba, Abid M. Sadiq, Amos Mwasamwaja, Faustini C. Kimondo, Cuthbert D. Matay, Eliada B. Nziku, Tumaini E. Mirai, Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim Muhina, Fuad H. Said

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The coexistence of viral hepatitis with diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly escalates the risk of severe outcomes. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections among DM patients in northern Tanzania.

Materials and methods: Conducted between February 2023 and May 2023, this hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 189 patients with DM from the Diabetic Clinic of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. A structured questionnaire captured relevant clinical information, and plasma blood sample was assessed for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibody seropositivity. Data analysis employed SPSS v26, and …

Amputation Eras, Children's Mercy Kansas City

Clinical Pathways

No abstract provided.

Synergistic Effects Of Plasma S100b And Mri Measures Of Cerebrovascular Disease On Cognition In Older Adults, Colleen A. Pappas, Christopher E. Bauer, Valentinos Zachariou, Timothy Justin Libecap, Beatriz Rodolpho, Tiffany L. Sudduth, Peter T. Nelson, Gregory Jicha, Anika M. S. Hartz, Xingfeng Shao, Danny J. J. Wang, Brian T. Gold

Neurology Faculty Publications

There is growing interest in studying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and developing biomarkers to identify at-risk individuals. A combination of biofluid and neuroimaging markers may better profile early stage VCID than individual measures. Here, we tested this possibility focusing on plasma levels of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which has been linked with blood– brain-barrier (BBB) integrity, and neuroimaging measures assessing BBB function (water exchange rate across the BBB (kw)) and cerebral small vessel disease (white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)). A total of 74 older adults without dementia had plasma samples collected and underwent cognitive assessment. A …

Subendocardial Ischemia: Does Cmd Really Exist?, Nils P Johnson, K Lance Gould

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients with angina but without obstructive epicardial coronary disease still require a specific mechanistic diagnosis to enable targeted treatment. The overarching term "coronary microvascular dysfunction" (CMD) has been applied broadly - but is it correct? We present a series of case examples culminating a systematic exploration of our large clinical database to distinguish among four categories of coronary pathophysiology. First, by far the largest group of "no stenosis angina" patients exhibits subendocardial ischemia during intact flow through diffuse epicardial disease during dipyridamole vasodilator stress. Second, rare patients indeed have ischemic signs or symptoms due solely to reduced flow attributable to …

The Impact Of Continuous Glucose Monitor Education On Primary Care Providers Prescribing Behavior, Heather Tyson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) estimate glucose levels in the interstitial fluid, updated every few minutes. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, CGMs are used by patients with Type 1 diabetes. However, research demonstrates that patients with Type 2 diabetes can also benefit from their use. The primary function of CGMs is to enhance glucose management, provide emergency alerts, and reduce the need for frequent fingerstick evaluation, promoting better long-term health. CGM use has lowered hemoglobin A1C levels in the primary care setting. This is due to the correlation between frequent glucose monitoring and increased …

Healthcare Informatics February 2025, Aga Khan University

Department of Chief Medical Information Officer (CMIO) Archives

• Message from the Physician Director
• Update by Workgroup Leads
• AKUH-Karachi, OneHealth Activities
• Business and Innovation Award
• Academics - Research - Scholarship
• Upcoming Events

Prevalence And Correlates Of Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Among Pregnant Women From An Urban Informal Settlement In Nairobi, Kenya: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Stephen Mulupi, Amina Abubakar, Moses Nyongesa, Vibian Angweny, Margaret Kabue, Paul Mwangi, Rachel Odhiambo, Joyce Marangu, Eunice Njoroge, Mercy Mokaya, Emmanuel Obulemire, Eunice Ombech, Kofi Marfo

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Purpose: Previous research, largely from the Global North, reports high rates of common mental health disorders among women in the antenatal period, but there is paucity of such data in contexts like Kenya. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women in an urban informal settlement in Kenya’s capital – Nairobi.

Method: An analysis of baseline cross-sectional data from a pilot cluster randomized trial of an integrated early childhood development programme. Participants were pregnant women in their third pregnancy trimester (N = 249), residing in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi County. Mental …

Exploring Adolescents' Mental Health In Kampala, Uganda In The Context Of Covid-19: A Mixed Methods Study, Gideon Mbithi, Ahmed Sarki, Adam Mabrouk, Rachel Odhiambo, Mary Namuguzi, Joseph Atukwatse, Margaret Kabue, Stephen Mulupi, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: Urban areas, particularly in developing nations like Uganda, face heightened risks due to poverty, unemployment, and environmental challenges, intensifying the vulnerability of urban youth to poor mental health. This study aims to determine the psychological well-being of adolescents and to assess the risks and associated factors of mental health problems among adolescents in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Kampala City, Uganda.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 adolescents aged 13–19 years residing within the five divisions of Kampala City, Uganda. We utilized standardized psychological assessment tools including the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Scale, …

Air Pollution Exposures In Early Life And Brain Development In Children (Abc): Protocol For A Pregnancy Cohort Study, Sarah Benki-Nugent, Faridah H. Were, Anne M Riederer, Michael Gatari, Cj Karr, Edmund Yw Seto, Beatrice C. Mutai, Susan Wamithi, Brent R. Collett, John Kinuthia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Introduction Air pollution is linked with poor neurodevelopment in high-income countries. Comparable data are scant for low-income countries, where exposures are higher. Longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies are optimal for individual exposure assessment during critical windows of brain development and examination of neurodevelopment. This study aims to determine the association between prenatal ambient air pollutant exposure and neurodevelopment in children aged 12, 24 and 36 months through a collaborative, capacity-enriching research partnership.

Methods and analysis This observational cohort study is based in Nairobi, Kenya. Eligibility criteria are singleton pregnancy, no severe pregnancy complications and maternal age 18 to 40 years. At …

Ada Commons: Expanding Circulation, Promoting Your Association, And Archiving For The Future, Alisun Dekock

AADEJ - The Communicator

Alisun DeKock of the ADA Library & Archives, introduces ADA Commons, an open digital repository designed to collect, preserve, and disseminate state and local dental association publications. It aims to help organizations grow readership, increase web discoverability, enable full-text search, track usage, and archive past issues securely. Built on Elsevier’s Digital Commons platform, it offers advantages like increased discoverability via major search engines, robust usage insights (e.g., download counts, geographic reach), and secure archiving, all while allowing associations to retain copyright. Participation is free for ADA state and local societies. The article details a phased integration process where the ADA …

Post-Term Births As A Risk Factor For Small For Gestational Age Births And Infant Mortality In Brazil, Mexico, And Palestinian Refugees: An Analysis Of Electronic Birth Records, Zeina Jamaluddine, Lorena Suarez Idueta, Enny S. Paixao, Julia M. Pescarini, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Miho Sato, Akihiro Seita, Luis A. Martinez-Juarez, Mauricio L. Barreto, Eric O. Ohuma, Louise T. Day, Oona M.R. Campbell, Hannah Blencowe

Faculty Publications

Background:

Post-term pregnancy, defined as reaching or exceeding 42 + 0 weeks of gestation, is known to be associated with unfavourable birth outcomes. High-income countries have responded to this risk by widely adopting labour induction protocols in late-term, but many low- and middle-income countries have not. However, understanding underlying mechanisms linking post-term births to adverse newborn and infant outcomes remains limited.

Objective:

To investigate the (a) prevalence of post-term, (b) the risk factors associated with post-term (c) the association between post-term births and the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates and of infant mortality in middle-income settings.

Methods:

We used existing …

Delphi-Driven Consensus Definition For Mesenchymal Stromal Cells And Clinical Reporting Guidelines For Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapeutics, Laurent Renesme, Kelly D. Cobey, Manoj M. Lalu, Tania M. Bubela, Raghavan Chinnadurai, John De Vos, Rod Dunbar, Dean Fergusson, Daniel Freund, Jacques Galipeau

Office of the Provost

Background aims: Despite promising results in pre-clinical studies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) face significant challenges in clinical translation. A scoping review by our group highlighted two key issues contributing to this gap: (i) lack of a clear and consensus definition for MSCs and (ii) under-reporting of critical parameters in MSC clinical studies. To address these issues, we conducted a modified Delphi study to establish and implement a consensus definition for MSCs and develop reporting guidelines for MSC clinical studies.
Methods: A steering committee of 22 international experts, including stakeholders from different MSC research fields, participated in the three Delphi rounds. …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Diabetes Nurse-Led Health Coaching Intervention For Type 2 Diabetes At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi: A Randomised Controlled Study, Jane Mugo

MSc in Advanced Practice Nursing

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) has placed a significant burden on both healthcare systems and individuals living with the disease. However, it is preventable through health promotion strategies. Healthy behavior changes, which improve disease outcomes, highlight the importance of supporting and sustaining self-efficacy in diabetes self-management.

Objective: This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a nurse-led health coaching program on diabetes control for individuals with T2DM with HbA1c >6.5% specifically on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as compared with standard diabetes care only.

Methodology: The study adopted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two groups: an intervention group receiving the …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Of Nurses Providing End-Of-Life Care At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi County, Eunice Wanjiku Kariuki

MSc in Advanced Practice Nursing

Introduction: End-of-life care is an essential aspect of healthcare, and nurses play a vital role in its provision. Due to the growing population, there has been an increase in the number of people in need of End-of-life care, and nurses must be adequately prepared to meet the complex and diverse needs of patients and their families. However, many studies suggest that many nurses feel unprepared to provide quality end-of-life care, and there is a need for further investigation of the factors that contribute to their preparedness.

Methods:The study was conducted at a level 6 teaching and referral hospital, in …

Pacific Rxtracts - February 2025, Pacific Rxtracts

Pacific RxTracts

Articles:

• Revolutionizing Hypertension Screening: AI-Enhanced ECG as a Proactive Healthcare Tool
• Breaking News:
  • New Indication for Zepbound
  • FDA Approves Injectable Nivolumab: A New Era for Opdivo in Cancer Care
  • Stromal Stem Cells for Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease
• Cardiology:
  • Beta Blocker vs. Verapamil Therapy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• General News:
  • Prolactin-Increasing Antipsychotics Increase the Odds of Breast Cancer
  • Hope for a Cytomegalovirus Vaccine: mRNA-1647
  • Targeting IL-13: Innovations in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
  • Beyond Opioids: Multimodal Pain Management in Colorectal Surgery
  • A Nanomaterial Dosage Form for Mupirocin
  • Guselkumab, a potential drug for Ulcerative colitis
• Neuropsychiatry:
  • Dextromethorphan for Depression: More For Just a …

Evaluating Donor-Recipient Sex Mismatch In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Allograft: Outcomes At 2 Years Postoperatively, Connor Crutchfield, Natalie Lowenstein, Chilan Leite, Christian Lattermann, Elizabeth Matzkin

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Female patients tend to suffer a greater risk of reinjury and worse patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) than male patients, regardless of the graft type used.

PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: This study explored the role of donor-recipient sex mismatching to help explain these sex-based dispar- ities in outcomes after ACLR with an allograft. The hypothesis was that allograft donor-recipient sex mismatch would adversely affect surgical outcomes at a 2-year follow-up, with male-to-female graft donations yielding the lowest rates of success.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: Patients who underwent primary ACLR with an allograft …

Exploring Access To Care In Zimbabwe Using The 3-Delay Model, Katerina Green, Naboth Matinhira, Amiti Jain, Tissiana Vallecillo, Priya Arya, Estephania Candelo, Munyaradzi Katiro, Tafadzwa Nyamurowa, Dontre' Douse, Joshua Wiedermann

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

OBJECTIVES: We aim to identify the diversity of barriers to care for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery patients in Harare, Zimbabwe.

METHODS: Interviews were conducted at four general otolaryngology clinics in Harare in October 2022.The patient population included children and adults presenting to either government or private clinics. Via interpreter, six standardized questions were discussed with each patient. Survey responses were used to categorize patients into one or more of three types of delays: (1) deciding to seek care, (2) reaching the appropriate healthcare facility, and (3) receiving adequate care after reaching that facility.

RESULTS: Forty-six patients participated in this survey. …

Hypoalbuminemia And Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Salivary Gland Resection, Praneet C. Kaki, Aman M. Patel, Jason A. Brant, Steven B. Cannady, Karthik Rajasekaran, Robert M. Brody, Ryan M. Carey

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

OBJECTIVE: Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is a proxy for malnutrition that has been associated with postoperative complications in several surgical subspecialties. This study investigates the association between pre-operative HA and complications following major salivary gland (MSG) resection.

METHODS: Patients undergoing outpatient, elective MSG resection were extracted from the 2005 to 2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between HA (preoperative serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL) and non-HA cohorts. To determine associations between albumin status and postoperative complications, univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 5774 patients undergoing MSG resection were included, of which 321 (5.6%) had preoperative HA. HA was associated with older age on univariate analysis (65.2 vs. 60.2 years,

CONCLUSION: Preoperative HA may …

Everyday Discrimination And Its Predictors In The Masala Study, Amandeep Kaur, Kristine M. Molina, Benita Jackson, Nadia Islam, Alka Kanaya, Anneeth Kaur Hundle, Ramaswami Mahalingam

Psychology: Faculty Publications

South Asians are a fast-growing, heterogeneous ethnic group in the United States. However, they remain understudied in health equity research despite experiencing a high burden of cardiovascular disease. Biased assumptions, such as the model minority myth, obscure their unique experiences of discrimination—a known contributor to cardiovascular disease–related health inequities. The form and pattern of everyday discrimination among South Asians has been largely unexamined. We addressed this gap by examining the dimensionality of the everyday discrimination scale (EDS) and its potential predic- tors among South Asians. Data are from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA; 2010–2018), …

Investing In Limb Preservation: A Case Report In Avoiding Bilateral Amputation In A Vasculopathy Patient, Stephanie N. Campbell, Craig J. Verdin, Heather V. Tran, Nikita Gambhir

School of Podiatric Medicine Publications

Limb salvage and prosthetics play vital roles in restoring function and mobility for patients with severe injuries or metabolic conditions. Limb salvage involves surgical techniques aimed at preserving a limb rather than resorting to amputation, while prosthetics provide artificial devices to replace lost limbs. Key considerations for limb salvage include restoring a functional foot, maintaining patient independence, minimizing hospitalizations, and avoiding bilateral lower limb amputations.

We Walk The Line, Do You? An Evidence Based Project To Improve Line Necessity Conversation, Steven Aguero, Kayla Boykin, Gissel Bustos, Ava Cooper, Rebecca Elder, Kendall Gloston, Maritza Gonzalez, Victoria Hodges, Halie Mcmillan, Krishna Patel, Somatta Pokharel

2024

No abstract provided.

Pumped Up For Safety: The Integration Of Smart Infusion Iv Pumps, Megan Broyles, Aleena Jacob, Mallory Kalka, Madeline Nunneley

2024

No abstract provided.

Acceptability Of Self-Collected Pap Smears Among Karen-Speaking Patients In The Midwest, Neha Khalid, Melanie Menning

Posters and Presentations: Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Culturally Tailored Interventions Enhance Diabetes Awareness And Management Within The Karen Community, Leigh Jahnke, Moo Law Eh Soe, Jessica Witt, Melanie Menning

Posters and Presentations: Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

February 2025, Swosu Rural Health Center

RURAL ROCKS

This is the February 2025 issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Cytomegalovirus Reactivation And Acute And Chronic Complications In Children With Cerebral Malaria: A Prospective Cohort Study, Jonathan A. A. Mayhew, Andrew J. Witten, Caitlin A. Bond, Robert Opoka, Paul Bangirana, Andrea L. Conroy, Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado, Mark R. Schleiss, Chandy C. John C. John

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Virus co-infection or reactivation may modify the host response during cerebral malaria. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adults with sepsis; however, the impact of CMV DNAemia on adverse outcomes in children with cerebral malaria is unknown.: Clinical, physiological, and neurocognitive outcomes were compared in children aged 18 months to 12 years with cerebral malaria (N = 242) based on the presence or absence of CMV DNAemia 24 h after admission. The primary study outcome was subsequent in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the presence of acute kidney injury, neurocognitive impairment over a …

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study Of Naproxen During Dental Implant Osseointegration, Hattanas Kumchai, Daniel Taub, Ryan Tomlinson

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often prescribed following the placement of dental implants, but the effects of these drugs on the osseointegration process are poorly understood. We designed a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to quantitatively assess the effect of NSAIDs during early implant osseointegration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects receiving a maxillary dental implant were randomized to take naproxen or placebo for 7 days after the surgery. Implant osseointegration was quantified using Resonance Frequency Analysis device. Implant-Stability-Quotient (ISQ) measurement was performed at the time of surgery and at follow-up visits 1, 4, and 16 weeks after surgery. Periapical radiographs were …

Palovarotene In Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Review And Perspective, Vincent Verheij, Robert Diecidue, Esmée Botman, Joseph Harrington, Nobuhiko Haga, Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo, Patricia Delai, Vrisha Madhuri, Mona Al Mukaddam, Keqin Zhang, Tae-Joon Cho, Rolf Morhart, Richard Keen, Carmen De Cunto, Clive Friedman, Zvi Grunwald, Michael Zasloff, J. Coen Netelenbos, Edward Hsiao, Frederick Kaplan, Robert Pignolo, Christiaan Scott, Elisabeth Marelise Eekhoff

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.A., Canada and Australia but remains unapproved in Europe where concerns surrounding the drug and its path to regional market authorization persist.

AREAS COVERED: The developmental history of palovarotene and an overview of the clinical trials and the regulatory approval journey are discussed by global FOP experts.

EXPERT OPINION: While post hoc analyses …