Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Distinct Echinocandin Responses Of Candida Albicans And Candida Auris Cell Walls Revealed By Solid-State Nmr, Malitha C. Dickwella Widanage, Kalpana Singh, Jizhou Li, Jayasubba Reddy Yarava, Faith J. Scott, Yifan Xu, Neil A.R. Gow, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Ping Wang, Frederic Lamoth, Tuo Wang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Invasive candidiasis affects 1.6 million people annually, with high mortality among immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Echinocandins are frontline antifungals, but rising resistance limits their efficacy. Here, we show that Candida albicans and multidrug-resistant Candida auris share a conserved cell wall architecture yet differ markedly in their adaptive responses to echinocandins. Solid-state NMR reveals that both species possess a rigid inner layer of tightly associated chitin microfibrils and β−1,3-glucans, supported by a flexible matrix of β−1,6-glucans and additional β−1,3-glucans. Outer mannan fibrils rely on α−1,2-linked sidechains to maintain contact with the inner wall. In both species, caspofungin rigidifies β−1,6-glucans and mannan …

Polymorphic Α-Glucans As Structural Scaffolds In Cryptococcus Cell Walls For Chitin, Capsule, And Melanin: Insights From 13c And 1h Solid-State Nmr, Ankur Ankur, Jayasubba Reddy Yarava, Isha Gautam, Faith J. Scott, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Christine Chrissian, Li Xie, Dibakar Roy, Ruth E. Stark, Tamara L. Doering, Ping Wang, Tuo Wang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Cryptococcus species are major fungal pathogens responsible for life-threatening infections in approximately a million individuals globally each year, with alarmingly high mortality rates. These fungi are distinguished by a distinctive cell wall architecture further reinforced by two virulence-associated layers, melanin and capsule, rendering them insensitive to antifungal agents targeting the cell wall, such as echinocandins. The molecular interplay between these three biomolecular layers remains poorly understood. Here we employ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to examine intact cells of both wild-type and capsule-deficient strains of C. neoformans, along with melanized cells. High-resolution 13C and 1H data revealed five distinct structural forms of …

The Effect Of Temperature For Producing Thayer-Martin Agar Media Using Sheep Blood On Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Growth With Various Inoculums, Ika Ningsih, Kayla Adyapratista Sumadiyo

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative bacterium in the form of diplococci that infects mucous membranes through direct inoculation, is fastidious, and requires special media for growth because it is susceptible to heating and dryness, so it cannot survive long outside its host. Thayer-Martin agar media is a selective culture medium for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterial infections enriched with sheep blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature for various temperature variations of making Thayer-Martin agar when mixing with sheep blood, compared to the temperature according to the manufacturer's procedure. Determining this ideal temperature may …

The Impact Of High-Fidelity Urinary Catheterization Simulation On Occupational Therapy Students In A Graduate Curriculum: A Pilot Study, Haley Blaney, Reagan Schonhard, Maddie Spring, Rachael Eads, Claire Donahue

Masters Projects

The most recent estimate of the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States is approximately 54 cases per one million people. Occupational therapy (OT) students may not feel adequately prepared to treat and educate clients with SCIs about bladder management if they are not exposed to real-life scenarios during their graduate curriculum. Using high-fidelity simulations (HFS) offers a high level of interactivity and realism for the learner, often using human patient simulators and taking place in realistic, mock clinical settings. This study aims to examine the effects of a HFS on OT student's confidence with urinary …

Classroom Occupational Performance Issues For A High School Student Following A Concussion: A Case Study, Cortney Day, Hannah Hall, Holly Treber, Clare Belkowski, Janel Ritt

Masters Projects

Abstract

Background: This study aims to understand any occupational performance issues experienced by a high school student in the classroom following a concussion. Concussion symptoms can include difficulty with vision and cognition, impacting a student’s ability to pursue their education. This information may lead to improved management of students following a concussion in support of their academic participation.

Methods: Using purposive sampling, researchers recruited potential participants by contacting athletic trainers affiliated with Grand Valley State University (GVSU) throughout the local Grand Rapids, MI area. Researchers first obtained written permission to recruit on campus from the principals of the …

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Mohamed Mahgoob, Marwa W.E. Ali

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is considered as a major global health concern, and a higher proportion of children with NS have steroid resistance (SR). This study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with SRNS. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from January to June 2023 at University Children’s Hospital, Minia, Egypt. There were 160 participants in total who were divided into 3 groups: 60 participants with SRNS and 2 control groups (one of which had steroid-sensitive NS) that were matched appropriately. Each participant’s QoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0 …

Extracellular Vesicles In Cancer: From Isolation And Characterization To Metastasis, Drug Resistance, And Clinical Applications, Ancuta Jurj, Doru Paul, George A Calin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer progression, along with other hallmarks of cancer, is sustained through bidirectional cell-to-cell communication. This function is primarily facilitated by lipid-rich nanoparticles expelled into the extracellular matrix by stromal and/or malignant cells. These entities, known as extracellular vesicles, contain a vast repertoire of bioactive molecules and hold promise as potential biomarkers and nanovehicles for drug delivery. Intriguingly, the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the functions of extracellular vesicles remain poorly understood. In the present manuscript, we highlight the intracellular and intercellular journey of extracellular vesicles, from their inception to the present day, their implications in various hallmarks of cancer, and …

Pi(4)P Recruits Cide Proteins To Promote The Formation Of Unilocular Lipid Droplets During Adipogenesis And Hepatic Steatosis, Jin Wu, Mingming Gao, Xiaoqin Wu, Yang Liu, Taiping Zhang, Yan Liang, Haixia Yang, Chengxin Ma, Youpi Ye, Chunmei Chang, Peng Li, Feng-Jung Chen, Hongyuan Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that play important roles in metabolism. Each LD is enclosed by a monolayer of phospholipids, distinct from bilayer membranes. The composition of LD surface phospholipids and their impact on LD growth and function remain to be defined. Phosphoinositides mark cellular organelles and regulate organellar function. Here, we demonstrate that PI(4)P decorates a subset of LDs to recruit and activate CIDE proteins. Enhanced expression of ORP2 and ORP5, LD-associated lipid transfer proteins that remove PI(4)P from LDs, abolished the localization and function of CIDE proteins. Blocking the synthesis of PI(4)P on the LD surface …

High-Affinity Cd16a Polymorphism Associated With Reduced Risk Ofsevere Covid-19, Anita E Qualls, Tasha Tsao, Irene Lui, Shion A Lim, Yapeng Su, Ernie Chen, Dylan Duchen, Holden T Maecker, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Ruth R Montgomery, Florian Krammer, Charles R Langelier, Ofer Levy, Lindsey R Baden, Esther Melamed, Lauren Ir Ehrlich, Grace A Mccomsey, Rafick P Sekaly, Charles B Cairns, Elias K Haddad, Albert C Shaw, David A Hafler, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Mark A Atkinson, Scott C Brakenridge, Nelson I Agudelo Higuita, Jordan P Metcalf, Catherine L Hough, William B Messer, Bali Pulendran, Kari C Nadeau, Mark M Davis, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Viviana Simon, Monica Kraft, Christian Bime, Carolyn S Calfee, David J Erle, Joanna Schaenmann, Al Ozonoff, Bjoern Peters, Steven H Kleinstein, Alison D Augustine, Joann Diray-Arce, Patrice M Becker, Nadine Rouphael, Impacc Network, Jason D Goldman, Daniel R Calabrese, James R Heath, James A Wells, Elaine F Reed, Lewis L Lanier, Harry Pickering, Oscar A Aguilar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CD16A is an activating Fc receptor on NK cells that mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a key mechanism in antiviral immunity. However, the role of NK cell-mediated ADCC in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear, particularly whether it limits viral spread and disease severity or contributes to the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. We hypothesized that the high-affinity CD16AV176 polymorphism influences these outcomes. Using an in vitro reporter system, we demonstrated that CD16AV176 is a more potent and sensitive activator than the common CD16AF176 allele. To assess its clinical relevance, we analyzed 1,027 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from the Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 …

Opposing Roles For Myeloid And Smooth Muscle Cell Sting In Pulmonary Hypertension, Ann T Pham, Shiza Virk, Aline C Oliveira, Matthew D Alves, Chunhua Fu, Yutao Zhang, Jimena Alvarez-Castanon, Brian B Lee, Keira L Lee, Radwan Mashina, Katherine E Ray, Patrick Donabedian, Elnaz Ebrahimi, Harsh Patel, Reeha Patel, Duncan Lewis, Zhiguang Huo, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Li Chen, Lei Jin, Andrew J Bryant

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There is an emerging role for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development. Related to this, prior research has demonstrated the relevance of immune checkpoint protein programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunoregulatory myeloid cells in PH. However, there remains a need to elucidate the cell-specific role of STING expression, and the STING/PD-L1 signaling axis in PH, before readily available disease-modifying therapies can be applied for patients with the disease. Here, through generation of bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that STING-/- mice receiving WT bone marrow were protected against PH secondary to chronic hypoxia. …

Nivolumab Plus Relatlimab For Patients With Relapsed Or Progressed B-Cell Malignancies In Relativity-022, Ajay K Gopal, Philippe Armand, Sattva S Neelapu, Nancy L Bartlett, Stephen E Spurgeon, John Kuruvilla, Kerry J Savage, John P Leonard, Arnold B Gelb, Nasir Ahmed, Shiqi Dong, Sai Praneeth Bathena, Rasika Suryawanshi, Jenny Qun Wu, Sheen Wang, Douglas E Gladstone

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite high response rates, anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy eventually fails in most patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and is ineffective in most other B-cell malignancies. The lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) cell-surface receptor represents another immune checkpoint that can be targeted to induce remissions in these diseases; dual inhibition of PD-1 and LAG-3 is approved in advanced melanoma. We performed a multicenter phase 1/2a open-label study of the anti-LAG-3 antibody relatlimab (RELATIVITY-022) administered as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab in patients with R/R B-cell malignancies. We treated 106 patients and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed during …

Towards Fair Decentralized Benchmarking Of Healthcare Ai Algorithms With The Federated Tumor Segmentation (Fets) Challenge, Maximilian Zenk, Ujjwal Baid, Sarthak Pati, Akis Linardos, Brandon Edwards, Micah Sheller, Patrick Foley, Alejandro Aristizabal, David Zimmerer, Alexey Gruzdev, Jason Martin, Russell T Shinohara, Annika Reinke, Fabian Isensee, Santhosh Parampottupadam, Kaushal Parekh, Ralf Floca, Hasan Kassem, Bhakti Baheti, Siddhesh Thakur, Verena Chung, Kaisar Kushibar, Karim Lekadir, Meirui Jiang, Youtan Yin, Hongzheng Yang, Quande Liu, Cheng Chen, Qi Dou, Pheng-Ann Heng, Xiaofan Zhang, Shaoting Zhang, Muhammad Irfan Khan, Mohammad Ayyaz Azeem, Mojtaba Jafaritadi, Esa Alhoniemi, Elina Kontio, Suleiman A Khan, Leon Mächler, Ivan Ezhov, Florian Kofler, Suprosanna Shit, Johannes C Paetzold, Timo Loehr, Benedikt Wiestler, Himashi Peiris, Kamlesh Pawar, Shenjun Zhong, Zhaolin Chen, Munawar Hayat, Gary Egan, Mehrtash Harandi, Ece Isik Polat, Gorkem Polat, Altan Kocyigit, Alptekin Temizel, Anup Tuladhar, Lakshay Tyagi, Raissa Souza, Nils D Forkert, Pauline Mouches, Matthias Wilms, Vishruth Shambhat, Akansh Maurya, Shubham Subhas Danannavar, Rohit Kalla, Vikas Kumar Anand, Ganapathy Krishnamurthi, Sahil Nalawade, Chandan Ganesh, Ben Wagner, Divya Reddy, Yudhajit Das, Fang F Yu, Baowei Fei, Ananth J Madhuranthakam, Joseph Maldjian, Gaurav Singh, Jianxun Ren, Wei Zhang, Ning An, Qingyu Hu, Youjia Zhang, Ying Zhou, Vasilis Siomos, Giacomo Tarroni, Jonathan Passerrat-Palmbach, Ambrish Rawat, Giulio Zizzo, Swanand Ravindra Kadhe, Jonathan P Epperlein, Stefano Braghin, Yuan Wang, Renuga Kanagavelu, Qingsong Wei, Yechao Yang, Yong Liu, Krzysztof Kotowski, Szymon Adamski, Bartosz Machura, Wojciech Malara, Lukasz Zarudzki, Jakub Nalepa, Yaying Shi, Hongjian Gao, Salman Avestimehr, Yonghong Yan, Agus S Akbar, Ekaterina Kondrateva, Hua Yang, Zhaopei Li, Hung-Yu Wu, Johannes Roth, Camillo Saueressig, Alexandre Milesi, Quoc D Nguyen, Nathan J Gruenhagen, Tsung-Ming Huang, Jun Ma, Har Shwinder H Singh, Nai-Yu Pan, Dingwen Zhang, Ramy A Zeineldin, Michal Futrega, Yading Yuan, Gian Marco Conte, Xue Feng, Quan D Pham, Yong Xia, Zhifan Jiang, Huan Minh Luu, Mariia Dobko, Alexandre Carré, Bair Tuchinov, Hassan Mohy-Ud-Din, Saruar Alam, Anup Singh, Nameeta Shah, Weichung Wang, Chiharu Sako, Michel Bilello, Satyam Ghodasara, Suyash Mohan, Christos Davatzikos, Evan Calabrese, Jeffrey Rudie, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Soonmee Cha, Christopher Hess, John Mongan, Madhura Ingalhalikar, Manali Jadhav, Umang Pandey, Jitender Saini, Raymond Y Huang, Ken Chang, Minh-Son To, Sargam Bhardwaj, Chee Chong, Marc Agzarian, Michal Kozubek, Filip Lux, Jan Michálek, Petr Matula, Miloš Ker Kovský, Tereza Kopr Ivová, Marek Dostál, Václav Vybíhal, Marco C Pinho, James Holcomb, Marie Metz, Rajan Jain, Matthew D Lee, Yvonne W Lui, Pallavi Tiwari, Ruchika Verma, Rohan Bareja, Ipsa Yadav, Jonathan Chen, Neeraj Kumar, Yuriy Gusev, Krithika Bhuvaneshwar, Anousheh Sayah, Camelia Bencheqroun, Anas Belouali, Subha Madhavan, Rivka R Colen, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Philipp Vollmuth, Gianluca Brugnara, Chandrakanth J Preetha, Felix Sahm, Martin Bendszus, Wolfgang Wick, Abhishek Mahajan, Carmen Balaña, Jaume Capellades, Josep Puig, Yoon Seong Choi, Seung-Koo Lee, Jong Hee Chang, Sung Soo Ahn, Hassan F Shaykh, Alejandro Herrera-Trujillo, Maria Trujillo, William Escobar, Ana Abello, Jose Bernal, Jhon Gómez, Pamela Lamontagne, Daniel S Marcus, Mikhail Milchenko, Arash Nazeri, Bennett Landman, Karthik Ramadass, Kaiwen Xu, Silky Chotai, Lola B Chambless, Akshitkumar Mistry, Reid C Thompson, Ashok Srinivasan, J Rajiv Bapuraj, Arvind Rao, Nicholas Wang, Ota Yoshiaki, Toshio Moritani, Sevcan Turk, Joonsang Lee, Snehal Prabhudesai, John Garrett, Matthew Larson, Robert Jeraj, Hongwei Li, Tobias Weiss, Michael Weller, Andrea Bink, Bertrand Pouymayou, Sonam Sharma, Tzu-Chi Tseng, Saba Adabi, Alexandre Xavier Falcão, Samuel B Martins, Bernardo C A Teixeira, Flávia Sprenger, David Menotti, Diego R Lucio, Simone P Niclou, Olivier Keunen, Ann-Christin Hau, Enrique Pelaez, Heydy Franco-Maldonado, Francis Loayza, Sebastian Quevedo, Richard Mckinley, Johannes Slotboom, Piotr Radojewski, Raphael Meier, Roland Wiest, Johannes Trenkler, Josef Pichler, Georg Necker, Andreas Haunschmidt, Stephan Meckel, Pamela Guevara, Esteban Torche, Cristobal Mendoza, Franco Vera, Elvis Ríos, Eduardo López, Sergio A Velastin, Joseph Choi, Stephen Baek, Yusung Kim, Heba Ismael, Bryan Allen, John M Buatti, Peter Zampakis, Vasileios Panagiotopoulos, Panagiotis Tsiganos, Sotiris Alexiou, Ilias Haliassos, Evangelia I Zacharaki, Konstantinos Moustakas, Christina Kalogeropoulou, Dimitrios M Kardamakis, Bing Luo, Laila M Poisson, Ning Wen, Martin Vallières, Mahdi Ait Lhaj Loutfi, David Fortin, Martin Lepage, Fanny Morón, Jacob Mandel, Gaurav Shukla, Spencer Liem, Gregory S Alexandre, Joseph Lombardo, Joshua D Palmer, Adam E Flanders, Adam P Dicker, Godwin Ogbole, Dotun Oyekunle, Olubunmi Odafe-Oyibotha, Babatunde Osobu, Mustapha Shu'aibu Hikima, Mayowa Soneye, Farouk Dako, Adeleye Dorcas, Derrick Murcia, Eric Fu, Rourke Haas, John A Thompson, David Ryan Ormond, Stuart Currie, Kavi Fatania, Russell Frood, Amber L Simpson, Jacob J Peoples, Ricky Hu, Danielle Cutler, Fabio Y Moraes, Anh Tran, Mohammad Hamghalam, Michael A Boss, James Gimpel, Deepak Kattil Veettil, Kendall Schmidt, Lisa Cimino, Cynthia Price, Brian Bialecki, Sailaja Marella, Charles Apgar, Andras Jakab, Marc-André Weber, Errol Colak, Jens Kleesiek, John B Freymann, Justin S Kirby, Lena Maier-Hein, Jake Albrecht, Peter Mattson, Alexandros Karargyris, Prashant Shah, Bjoern Menze, Klaus Maier-Hein, Spyridon Bakas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Computational competitions are the standard for benchmarking medical image analysis algorithms, but they typically use small curated test datasets acquired at a few centers, leaving a gap to the reality of diverse multicentric patient data. To this end, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge represents the paradigm for real-world algorithmic performance evaluation. The FeTS challenge is a competition to benchmark (i) federated learning aggregation algorithms and (ii) state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, across multiple international sites. Weight aggregation and client selection techniques were compared using a multicentric brain tumor dataset in realistic federated learning simulations, yielding benefits for adaptive weight aggregation, and …

Breastfeeding Continuation At One Month Postpartum Among Women In Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder Who Initiated Breastfeeding: Prevalence And Determinants, Julia Eisenberg, Meghan Gannon, Kim Mclaughlin, Diane J. Abatemarco, Vanessa L. Short

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

Objective: To describe breastfeeding behaviors and determinants in the 1-month postdelivery period among women in treatment for opioid use disorder.

Study Design: Participants completed one questionnaire during pregnancy and one questionnaire at 1 month postpartum. Those who reported on the postpartum questionnaire that they had initiated breast- feeding were included in this analysis (N = 31). Infant feeding practices, receipt of lactation support, and demographic, psychosocial, and infant birth characteristics were compared between those who breastfed for at least 1 month and those who did not.

Results: In all, 45% of the participants were breastfeeding at 1 month post delivery. …

Nivolumab Plus Relatlimab For Patients With Relapsed Or Progressed B-Cell Malignancies In Relativity-022, Ajay K Gopal, Nancy L Bartlett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Despite high response rates, anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy eventually fails in most patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and is ineffective in most other B-cell malignancies. The lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) cell-surface receptor represents another immune checkpoint that can be targeted to induce remissions in these diseases; dual inhibition of PD-1 and LAG-3 is approved in advanced melanoma. We performed a multicenter phase 1/2a open-label study of the anti-LAG-3 antibody relatlimab (RELATIVITY-022) administered as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab in patients with R/R B-cell malignancies. We treated 106 patients and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed during …

Association Of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes And Inflammation Status With Survival Outcome In Patients With High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma, Simona Miceska, Cvetka Grašič Kuhar, Snježana Frković Grazio, Erik Škof, Praveen Krishnamoorthy, Dineo Khabele, Veronika Kloboves Prevodnik

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Pulsed Field Ablation Of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation With Continuous Electrocardiographic Monitoring Follow-Up: Advantage Af Phase 2., Vivek Y Reddy, Edward P Gerstenfeld, Boris Schmidt, Jason G Andrade, Devi Nair, Andrea Natale, Walid Saliba, Philipp Sommer, Andreas Metzner, Atul Verma, Troy Hounshell, Anish Amin, Philip Gentlesk, Stanislav Weiner, Frank A Cuoco, Jamie Kim, Mohit K Turagam, Gery Tomassoni, Chinmay Patel, Ziad Issa, Michael Shehata, Allison M Anderson, Thomas J Stoltz, Jonathan D Raybuck, Torri Schwartz, Brad S Sutton, Moussa Mansour

Heart and Vascular Articles

BACKGROUND: There are sparse high-quality safety and effectiveness data for pulsed field ablation (PFA) of persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF), in which lesions beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are often placed. In addition, no large trials have used insertable cardiac monitors for continuous rhythm monitoring after ablation in patients with PerAF or after PFA in any atrial fibrillation population. In Phase 2 of the ADVANTAGE AF study (A Prospective Single Arm Open Label Study of the FARAPULSE Pulsed Field Ablation System in Subjects With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation), patients with PerAF underwent PFA for PVI and posterior wall ablation (PWA) and, in …

Psilocybin Treatment Extends Cellular Lifespan And Improves Survival Of Aged Mice, Kosuke Kato, Jennifer M Kleinhenz, Yoon-Joo Shin, Cristian Coarfa, Ali J Zarrabi, Louise Hecker

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Psilocybin, the naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by hallucinogenic mushrooms, has received attention due to considerable clinical evidence for its therapeutic potential to treat various psychiatric and neurodegenerative indications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic, and few studies have explored its systemic impacts. We provide the first experimental evidence that psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin) treatment extends cellular lifespan and psilocybin treatment promotes increased longevity in aged mice, suggesting that psilocybin may be a potent geroprotective agent.

The Benefits Of Exercise Training In Combination With Weight Loss Therapies, Bryan C Jiang, Dennis T Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The primary treatment for obesity involves calorie restriction (CR) to promote dietary weight loss achieved through interventions including behavioral modification, bariatric surgery, and antiobesity medications. In adults with obesity, CR-induced weight loss enhances physical function and improves quality of life, while also reducing the burden of various obesity-related chronic conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and atherosclerotic heart disease. However, it is also associated with a decline in lean mass and bone mineral density, which increases the risk of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. When performed alongside CR, progressive resistance training (RT) attenuates this loss of lean mass and bone mass, …

The Co-Occurrence Of Autism Spectrum Disorder And Aarskog-Scott Syndrome In An Accomplished Young Man, Raisa S Romanova, Oksana I Talantseva, Katerina V Lind, Victoria A Manasevich, Julia E Kuznetsova, Elena L Grigorenko

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives/Background: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), also known as faciogenital dysplasia, is a rare X-linked genetic disorder primarily characterized by its diverse physical manifestations. Previous evidence suggests a potential association between AAS and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: This case study presents a male adolescent with ASD and a novel genetic variant in FGD1 underlying AAS. We conducted comprehensive clinical, genetic, and behavioral assessments to characterize the neurodevelopmental presentation. Moreover, we examined the existing literature on AAS and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders.

Results: The patient demonstrated features consistent with both AAS and ASD, presenting with characteristic physical features of AAS …

Towards Fair Decentralized Benchmarking Of Healthcare Ai Algorithms With The Federated Tumor Segmentation (Fets) Challenge, Maximilian Zenk, Pamela Lamontagne, Daniel S Marcus, Mikhail Milchenko, Arash Nazeri, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Computational competitions are the standard for benchmarking medical image analysis algorithms, but they typically use small curated test datasets acquired at a few centers, leaving a gap to the reality of diverse multicentric patient data. To this end, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge represents the paradigm for real-world algorithmic performance evaluation. The FeTS challenge is a competition to benchmark (i) federated learning aggregation algorithms and (ii) state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, across multiple international sites. Weight aggregation and client selection techniques were compared using a multicentric brain tumor dataset in realistic federated learning simulations, yielding benefits for adaptive weight aggregation, and …

Cord Blood Proteomics Identifies Biomarkers Of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, Leena B. Mithal, Mark E. Becker, Ted Ling-Hu, Young Ah Goo, Sebastian Otero, Aspen Kremer, Surya Pandey, Nicola Lancki, Yawei Li, Yuan Luo, William Grobman, Denise Scholtens, Karen K. Mestan, Patrick C. Seed, Judd F. Hultquist

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUNDSymptoms of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) in preterm infants are nonspecific and overlap with normal postnatal physiological adaptations and noninfectious pathologies. This clinical uncertainty and the lack of reliable EOS diagnostics results in liberal use of antibiotics in the first days to weeks of life, leading to increased risk of antibiotic-related morbidities in infants who do not have an invasive infection. METHODSTo identify potential biomarkers for EOS in newborn infants, we used unlabeled tandem mass spectrometry proteomics to identify differentially abundant proteins in the umbilical cord blood of infants with and without culture-confirmed EOS. Proteins were then confirmed using immunoassay, …

Bridging Radiotherapy Before Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells For B-Cell Lymphomas: An Ilrog Multicenter Study, Nikhil Yegya-Raman, Joanna C Yang, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Despite the increasing utilization of bridging radiotherapy (Br-RT), its impact on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) efficacy and toxicity remains poorly characterized. We retrospectively reviewed patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) who received Br-RT followed by CAR-T from 2018 to 2020 across 10 institutions. Br-RT toxicities were graded per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) per American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Consensus Guidelines. One hundred seventy-two patients (168 large BCL) received Br-RT before axicabtagene ciloleucel (73%), tisagenlecleucel (24%), or brexucabtagene autoleucel (2%). At …

Involvement Of Microglia In Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Induced By Iop Elevation In A Rat Ex Vivo Acute Glaucoma Model, Taimu Sato, Makoto Ishikawa, Yukitoshi Izumi, Naoya Shibata, Kota Sato, Michiko Ohno-Oishi, Hiroshi Tawarayama, Hiroshi Kunikata, Charles F Zorumski, Toru Nakazawa

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Total Synthesis And Biological Activity Of "Carbamorphine": O-To-Ch2 Replacement In The E-Ring Of The Morphine Core Structure, Sota Akiyama, Rohini S Ople, Alexander Kremsmair, Nokomis Ramos-Gonzalez, Thomas Nedungadan, Brandon J Kennedy, Kevin Appourchaux, Shainnel O Eans, Bowen A Tsai, Christina Kraml, Xi-Ping Huang, Jay P Mclaughlin, Susruta Majumdar, Richmond Sarpong

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Morphine is a µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and potent analgesic. However, it displays several side effects including respiratory depression and addiction. Here, we show that a single heavy atom replacement in the morphine core structure (O to CH

Action-Mode Subnetworks For Decision-Making, Action Control, And Feedback, Carolina Badke D'Andrea, Timothy O Laumann, Dillan J Newbold, Charles J Lynch, Mohammad Hadji, Steven M Nelson, Ashley N Nielsen, Roselyne J Chauvin, Samuel R Krimmel, Abraham Z Snyder, Scott Marek, Deanna J Greene, Marcus E Raichle, Nico U F Dosenbach, Evan M Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The action-mode network (AMN) is a canonical functional brain network first identified using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). Based on animal and human data, we have proposed that AMN supports the brain's action mode by controlling functions required for successful goal-directed behavior. However, task fMRI averaged across groups has associated AMN regions with a variety of behaviors, contributing to uncertainty about AMN function. Here, we investigated the AMN using an inside-out approach, in which the network architecture of the AMN is first precisely mapped within individuals and then associated with behavioral functions. Individual-specific precision functional mapping with >5 h of RSFC …

Mtor Signaling Regulates The Development Of Airway Mucous Cell Metaplasia Associated With Severe Asthma, Katrina M. Kudrna, Luis F. Vilches, Evan M. Eilers, Shailendra K. Maurya, Steven L. Brody, Amjad Horani, Kristina L. Bailey, Todd A. Wyatt, John D. Dickinson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In asthma, airway epithelial remodeling is characterized by aberrant goblet cell metaplastic differentiation accompanied by epithelial cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. These pathologic features in severe asthma indicate a loss of control of proliferation, cell size, differentiation, and migration. MTOR is a highly conserved pathway that regulates protein synthesis, cell size, and proliferation. We hypothesized that the balance between MTOR and autophagy regulates mucous cell metaplasia. Airways from individuals with severe asthma showed increased MTOR signaling by RPS6 phosphorylation, which was reproduced using an IL-13-activated model of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC). MTOR inhibition by rapamycin led to a decrease …

Beliefs About The Causes And Treatment Of Common Mental Illnesses And Suicidality In Rural Uganda, Yang Jae Lee, Rita Mbabazi, Ondine Jevremov, Shakira Nakaweesi, Ella Brodey, Jason Wykoff, Roshan Sivakumar, Rauben Kazungu, Ibrahim Ssekalo, Robert Rosenheck, Alexander C Tsai

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mental illnesses constitute a large and escalating portion of the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda. Understanding community perceptions towards mental illness is crucial for developing effective interventions.

AIMS: To explore beliefs about the perceived causes and treatment of common mental illnesses (depression, anxiety, alcohol use disorder) and suicidality in rural eastern Uganda.

METHOD: Qualitative study using 31 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions with healthcare workers, community health workers, community leaders and general community members in Buyende District, Uganda. Vignettes were used to depict mental illnesses to elicit perceptions, and data …

Younger Haplo-Donors Improve Older Patient Survival Outcomes, Ahmad Ghorab, Leo Luznik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapid Access Chest Pain Assessment Clinic: An Australian Virtual Care Experience, Marwan Shawki, Thalys Sampaio Rodrigues, Hussein Al-Fiadh, Karen Sanders Mnursing, Ali H. Al-Fiadh

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: The Rapid Access Chest Pain Assessment Clinic (RACPAC) streamlines the evaluation of low to intermediate-risk chest pain patients, reducing hospitalisation and healthcare costs. However, there is limited data on the virtual model of care for RACPAC.

Aim: We sought to evaluate the structure, cost-effectiveness, and imaging modalities performance of face-to-face and virtual RACPAC in an Australian setting.

Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients attending the RACPAC within a large Australian quaternary hospital between 2012 and 2021. We described the clinic parameters and imaging modality utilisation with parametric and non-parametric descriptive statics. Patterns of diagnostic modality utilisation were assessed with …

Co-Design Of A Program For Medical Students’ Experiential Learning In Community-Engaged Research, Daenique H. A. Jengelley, Tess D. Weathers, Dustin O. Lynch, Morgan E. Ness, Luis Garcia, Gina E. Claxton, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Tamara S. Hannon

Journal of Community Engagement and Higher Education

Medical education may lack experiential training on authentic community engagement (CE). Employing a human-centered design approach with medical faculty and students to identify goals, opportunities, needs, and barriers to implementing CE research, we developed an Experiential Community Engagement Learning Series (EXCELS) pilot program. EXCELS supported both our community partners and medical students as a platform from which to learn from each other. EXCELS can be accomplished virtually, incorporated in medical training, and disseminated broadly.