Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Alza Tu Voz: Herramientas Para La Participación Ciudadana Desde La Perspectiva De Género, Jaime Andrés Amaya González, Jenny Patricia Bustos Abril, Adrián David Galindo Ubaque

Ciencias de la Salud

Alza tu voz. Herramientas para la participación ciudadana desde la perspectiva de género se enfoca en la población infantil y adolescente Colombia, en especial del departamento de Cundinamarca, con la intención de formarlos, de modo inicial, en temas de participación política, como generadores de cambio social fortaleciendo la conciencia política a través de herramientas lúdicas que reforzarán el conocimiento de los derechos políticos, de nuestros pequeños y jóvenes lectores.

Valoración De La Composición Corporal, Por Antropometría, En Atleta Paralímpico, Eliana Patricia Cuellar Carvajal, Juan Sebastián Torres Quijano

Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física

La evaluación de la composición corporal es de suma importancia en la preparación del paratleta, pues se ha convertido en un aspecto de interés, gracias a las investigaciones en las ciencias del deporte. Es posible determinar un perfil de la composición corporal para una modalidad deportiva, que contribuya al éxito competitivo y es importante considerar el impacto y tipo de discapacidad en el deportista, a fin de garantizar un asesoramiento en el paratleta que oriente de modo adecuado su plan de entrenamiento deportivo que genere un impacto positivo en su rendimiento.

Institutionalized Bullying In Tertiary Institutions In Nigeria And Perceived Mental Health Impacts: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Chika Bosah, Casey Mace Firebaugh, Tara R. Zolnikov

The Qualitative Report

Institutionalized bullying is when bullying moves beyond individual instances of bullying and is culturally embedded in an institution, such as a school or workplace. This type of bullying has not been thoroughly examined in tertiary school settings in Nigeria. This phenomenological qualitative study examined the experiences of tertiary students (from four different institutions in Nigeria) and their experiences of institutionalized bullying to determine if and to what extent this practice is occurring. There were (n=48) tertiary students engaged in open-ended, semi-structured interviews in Nigeria in 2022. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. Overall, this study found that institutionalized bullying …

Atypical Dengue Fever Presentation With Severe Leukopenia: A Case Report From An Endemic Border Region, Elias Arellano Villanueva, Alhasan Asaad, Jose E. Campo Maldonado

School of Medicine Publications

Dengue virus infection is increasingly recognized in South Texas, particularly in areas bordering Mexico. Although many cases are mild and self-limiting, dengue can present with atypical features, including hematological abnormalities and bleeding, even in the absence of plasma leakage. A 22-year-old Hispanic woman presented to a hospital in South Texas with hematemesis, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms following travel to northeastern Mexico (Monterrey, Nuevo Leon). Initial laboratory workup revealed severe leukopenia and neutropenia, mild thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, but no evidence of plasma leakage. A bone marrow biopsy was performed due to persistent cytopenias, revealing a reactive process consistent with …

The Effect Of Maternal Diet On Neonatal Jaundice: A Case-Control Study, Marzieh Mahdipoor, Alireza J. Motlagh, Hamid S. Baghbanan, Mahmood Bakhtiyari, Zohreh Khodaii, Sara E. Saeieh

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the influence of dietary heat intensity in maternal diets on the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Specifically, we examine whether maternal consumption of "dietary heat intensity" foods affects neonatal bilirubin levels, while controlling for potential demographic and obstetric confounding factors. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted between October 2023 and September 2024. The study population consisted of mothers and their newborns attending healthcare centers in Alborz Province, Iran. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 152 newborns were enrolled, comprising 75 non-jaundiced and 77 jaundiced infants. Data were collected using an information-gathering form and …

Braingenebot: A Framework For Variant Prioritization And Generative Pretrained Transformer-Informed Interpretation Across Polygenic Risk Score Studies, Gang Qu, Nitesh Enduru, Xinyi Liu, Xiaoqian Jiang, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are widely used to assess genetic susceptibility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. However, the rapid expansion of PRS studies has led to dataset-specific biases-stemming from factors like population makeup, genotyping methods, and analysis pipelines-that result in inconsistent variant prioritization and limit generalizability and reproducibility. To address these challenges, we propose a transductive learning framework that integrates multiple PRS datasets for more robust risk variant prioritization, incorporating genome-wide association study (GWAS) priority scores as biologically informed priors. Additionally, we introduce BrainGeneBot, an AI-driven tool leveraging generative pretrained transformers with retrieval-augmented generation technology to streamline genomic analyses in …

Implementation Of An Epidural Catheter Assessment Tool To Reduce The Risk Of Racial And Ethnic Disparities Associated With The Conversion To General Anesthesia In Cesarean Deliveries: A Quality Improvement Project, Marjani A. Saunders, Tyler-Nicole Pannell

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Neuraxial anesthesia has significantly reduced anesthesia-related maternal morbidity during the peri-partum period. Despite these advancements, racial disparities persist in obstetric anesthesia care and Black women continue to experience disproportionately higher rates of general anesthesia (GA) for cesarean delivery when compared to non-Hispanic White patients. This quality improvement (QI) project sought to decrease the conversion from epidural anesthesia to GA for cesarean sections in laboring women by creating an epidural catheter assessment tool. The epidural catheter assessment tool provided uniform assessment and documentation of labor epidurals by anesthesia providers to reduce the use of general anesthesia for unplanned cesarean section deliveries. …

Enhancing Patient Outcomes: Developing A Comprehensive Database For Tracking Post- Dural Puncture Headache Incidence And Contributing Factors, Meredith B. Auge, Brittany Bogonovich

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a debilitating complication following labor analgesia, often resulting from unintentional dural puncture (UDP). While national incidence is approximately 1.5%, institutional rates may vary due to provider experience, documentation practices, and patient factors. This Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) quality improvement project aimed to improve identification and monitoring of UDP and PDPH through a revised tracking tool, retrospective review of 2024 data, and planning for an electronic registry. A multidisciplinary team of anesthesiologists, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists (SRNAs), and IT and quality specialists revised an existing tracking tool to better …

"Improved Obstetric Hemorrhage Care Through Toolkit Revision: A Quality Improvement Project", Amber M. Woodring, Samantha Kalkstein

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Obstetric hemorrhage (OBH) remains a leading cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Accurate risk identification is critical for initiating timely interventions; however, current risk assessment practices vary significantly. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to implement the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) OBH Risk Assessment Tool on the labor and delivery (L&D) unit of a community-based hospital to standardize risk stratification and improve interdisciplinary communication. Guided by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice model, the project involved a gap analysis, staff education, and the introduction of a paper-based CMQCC tool formatted for visibility and …

Quality Improvement Initiative For Emergency Cesarean Delivery: Implementation Of Rapid Sequence Spinal Anesthesia, Hunter L. Baselj, Joseph A. Gabster

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Abstract

Background: General anesthesia (GA) for emergency cesarean sections (EmCS) poses potential risks Rapid Sequence Spinal Anesthesia (RSSA) offers a promising alternative that preserves benefits of neuraxial anesthesia while accommodating the urgency of EmCS. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to implement and evaluate the use of RSSA at a teaching hospital, utilizing a decision-tree tool to enhance clinical efficiency and assess provider perceptions regarding its impact on airway complications and post-operative pain outcomes. Methods: A RSSA decision-making chart was developed and introduced to anesthesia providers at a teaching hospital. A total of 16 providers, including CRNAs, SRNAs, and anesthesiologists, …

Utilizing Simulation Training To Understand Maternal Cardiac Arrest Precipitated By Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A Quality Improvement Project, Erica L. Wright, Megan L. Tiernan, Michael W. Neft, Paige Spagiare, Erica Coffin

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Background and Problem: Maternal cardiac arrest precipitated by amniotic fluid embolism is among the leading direct causes of death among laboring women (Enomoto et al., 2022). Because it presents suddenly without any immediate apparent cause and lacks specific diagnostic tests, frontline obstetric caregivers must be vigilant, competent, and prepared to handle this potentially catastrophic emergency. Coordination among multiple disciplines is paramount since two lives, not just one, are at risk. Unfortunately, the rarity of maternal cardiac arrest significantly limits opportunities for staff to learn how to identify and manage these events successfully. Method: This quality improvement project established a simulation-based …

Improved Obstetric Hemorrhage Care Through Toolkit Revision: A Quality Improvement Project, Samantha Kalkstein, Amber Woodring

Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) Manuscripts

Obstetric hemorrhage (OBH) remains a leading cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Accurate risk identification is critical for initiating timely interventions; however, current risk assessment practices vary significantly. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to implement the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) OBH Risk Assessment Tool on the labor and delivery (L&D) unit of a community-based hospital to standardize risk stratification and improve interdisciplinary communication. Guided by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice model, the project involved a gap analysis, staff education, and the introduction of a paper-based CMQCC tool formatted for visibility and …

Access To Information On Toddler Family Development Program And Family Participation In Child Growth And Development, Dita Dhammayanti, Demsa Simbolon, Lissa Ervina, Yusran Fauzi

Kesmas

The comprehension of the Toddler Family Development (TFD) Program among families in Indonesia remains limited, likely due to insufficient access to information and low participation rates. Limited participation can negatively affect a family’s ability to support optimal child growth and development. This study examined the relationship between access to information on the TFD Program and family participation in child growth and development. Using secondary data from the 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey in Indonesia, the cross-sectional analysis included 21,497 respondents. The results revealed an association between access to information on the TFD Program and family participation in child growth …

The Association Between Irregular Sleep Patterns And Learning Outcomes: Implications For Students’ Health In Iraq, Hazhmat Ali, Dildar Haji Musa, Ary Habeeb Mohammed, Hiwa Abdulraheem, Sherzad Salahadeen, Alind Mustafa

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Students often exhibit irregular sleep patterns due to rigorous academic workloads, which exert a considerable negative impact on their mental health. The present study aims to investigate the influence of irregular sleep on academic performance.

Methods: This study recruited a cohort of 409 medical students of both genders. Upon their consent, participants filled out a closed-ended questionnaire on various sleep parameters, including sleep habits, duration, and environment.

Results: Students with irregular sleep patterns reported higher rates of sleep deprivation, late sleep onset, and troubled sleep. Moreover, they spent a longer duration using smart devices before bedtime …

Nursing Students’ Sociodemographic Characteristics And Consumer Preferences’ Prediction Level Of Perceived Food Literacy, Sinan Duru

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Food literacy, which is a critical competency for nursing students, plays a pivotal role in promoting evidence-based nutrition behaviors and contributes effectively to public health. This study aimed to determine the level of perceived food literacy among nursing students.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 488 nursing students from two universities in the south of Turkey. The research data were collected face to face via the Personal Information Form, the Consumer Preferences Form, and Self Perceived Food Literacy. The data was analyzed using the Independent Sample t Test, One Way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.

Results: The …

The Association Between Pain Catastrophizing, Somatization, Psychological Distress And Low Back Pain Severity Among Academics In Malaysia, Noordiyana Izyanti Mohamad Saufi, Eva Nabiha Zamri

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Psychological factors may influence the severity of low back pain (LBP), especially in high-stress professions such as academia. This study aimed to identify the relationship between psychological factors and LBP severity among Malaysian public university academics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between psychological factors and LBP among academics at four public universities located in the northern region of West Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, work information, lifestyle factors, LBP presence and intensity, and psychological factors. Data were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression and reported in terms …

Risk Factors Of Acute Gastroenteritis And The Implementation Of Community-Based Total Sanitation In Banyuwangi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Citra Al Karina, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Budi Utomo, I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: In Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia, diarrhea remains a major health problem, even though the community-based total sanitation (CBTS) program has been implemented for ten years. This household survey study aimed to identify the risk factors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to evaluate the implementation of CBTS in Banyuwangi Regency.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency. Characteristic data from patients with AGE were collected from the two primary healthcare working areas, followed by collecting data of their family members and CBTS in their houses. Data were obtained through interviews and direct observation. The CBTS evaluation results …

Academic Burnout And Its Association With Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, And Social Media Addiction Among University Students In Perak, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kai Eng Joanne Lim, Khang Jin Cheah, Farzana Athirah Abdul Latif, Fatin Izzaty Mohd Shahrin

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Academic burnout among Malaysian undergraduates is a rising concern, driven by academic pressure and compounded by lifestyle and behavioural factors. This study aimed to examine the associations between academic burnout, sleep quality, physical activity, and social media addiction.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 382 undergraduate students was conducted using an online survey to collect the data. The chi-square test was used to assess bivariate associations, and multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent predictors of academic burnout.

Results: The majority of respondents were aged 21 to 23 years (59.7%) and female (60.7%). Overall, 56.0% of …

Psychometric Properties Of The Turkish Version Of The Palliative Care Attitude Scale (T-Pcas-9) In Cancer Patients, Sevgi Demir Çam, Neşe İşcan Ayyildiz, Hasan Evcimen, Timüçin Çil, Berna Bozkurt Duman

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: A reliable, validated Turkish measurement tool will allow researchers to measure the impact of attitudes towards palliative care on other health outcomes in individuals with chronic and critical illness. This study aimed to examine the Turkish psychometric properties of the Palliative Care Attitude Scale (PCAS-9) for individuals with cancer.

Methods: The Turkish adaptation of the PCAS-9 (T-PCAS-9) included 505 cancer patients, who were aged >18 years, had a diagnosis of cancer, and no mental problems. The factor structure of the T-PCAS-9 was examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent-divergent validity, and measurement invariance analysis.

Results: The three-factor …

A Study On Nutritional Status Among Regular Gym Goers In And Around Chennai, India, Ettiyappan Thirumurugan, Kalpana Devi Venkatesan, Pavithra Tamilmani, Devika Preetha, Joyce Albert Princy Mariya Selvanathan, Dhanyasree Mohandas, Ameer Basha Sathik, Santhosh Kumar Manjunathan, Ashika Kannadhas Sheeba

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The increasing sales of sports supplements indicate a concerning trend, as many gym-goers may misuse these products owing to misinformation and insufficient knowledge, potentially impacting their performance. This issue is further compounded by specific gym trainers who may lack comprehensive information and inadvertently influence their clients' choices. To address this concern, the present study evaluated dietary supplement practices and sports nutrition knowledge among regular gym-goers at fitness centers in Chennai, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 using a validated questionnaire distributed across Chennai, India. A total of 450 participants were …

Evaluation Of Palliative Care Awareness Among Hospitalized Patients And Their Relatives In Türkiye, Füsun Uzgör, Ayşe Özkaraman, Hülya Özen

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Today, with the advances in medical knowledge and technology, chronic diseases have increased worldwide in parallel with the prolonging life expectancy and the aging of the population. This has increased the need for palliative care in the delivery of medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the palliative care awareness and level of knowledge of inpatients receiving health services in a university hospital and their relatives in Türkiye.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 360 patients and their relatives who volunteered to participate in the research. The study data were collected in face-to-face interviews using …

Oral Hygiene Practices, Treatment Needs And Barriers To Dental Care Among Adolescents Attending Special Education Schools In Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Nur Hafizah Nor Wira, Noraida Mamat, Maryani Mohamed Rohani, Aimi Kamarudin, Sofia Anis

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health practices, status, and treatment requirements of adolescents with special healthcare needs attending special education schools in Selangor, Malaysia. The adolescents’ parents perceived challenges to oral healthcare were also established. Methods: The current study employed a cross-sectional approach involving 131 adolescents with varying special needs. The participants were between 13 and 18 years old and fulfilled the pre-determined inclusion criteria. The participants’ parents supplied information on sociodemographic, oral health practices, and possible obstacles to dental care through an online survey form. The oral examination on decay, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), simplified …

Cooling Protocols Impact On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments Cyclic Fatigue Resistance Under Extreme Curvatures And Sodium Hypochlorite, Palak Ravjibhai Ranparia, Chintan Joshi, Mona Somani, Aashray Patel, Urooj Desai, Janki Prajapati

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: In this work, Hyflex CM, TruNatomy, and Plex V heat-treated nickel titanium rotary instruments were evaluated at body temperature (36 °C ± 1 °C) with and without a cooling protocol to assess the cyclic fatigue resistance. Methods: A 90° curved stainless-steel block was used for cyclic fatigue tests on 60 randomly selected rotary instruments, divided into two groups of 30: body temperature (n = 10) and body temperature with cooling (n = 10). Instruments were further subdivided into 6 groups of 3 different instruments. Cooling protocol group instruments received 5-second spray cooling every 30 seconds, along with continuous 5% …

Development And Comparative Evaluation Of A Novel Aloe Vera–Vinegar Gel As A Sustainable Histological Slide Coating Agent, Jayagopi Deepasakthi, Palati Sinduja

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Reliable tissue adhesion to glass slides is critical for accurate histological evaluation. Egg albumen, a commonly used coating agent, often results in background staining and inconsistent performance. Aloe vera, known for its biocompatibility and adhesive properties, presents a sustainable alternative. This study aimed to develop a novel aloe vera–vinegar gel formulation and compare its slide-coating performance with that of traditional egg albumen. Methods: Fresh Aloe vera gel was extracted and combined with nonfruit vinegar, filtered, and refrigerated. Thirty paraffin-embedded tissue sections were divided into two groups: one coated with aloe vera–vinegar gel and the other coated …

Positive And Negative Personality Traits In Relation To Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life And Satisfaction After Implant-Supported Prosthetic Treatment, Naimeh Hasheminejad, Maryam Farzadmoghadam, Mohammad Mohammadi, Amir Nekouei, Mohammadreza Rostamizadeh

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to determine patients’ positive and negative personality traits in relation to treatment satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in patients who have received dental implant-supported prosthesis. Methods: This study was carried out on 135 adults above the age of 30 who had received reasonable implant treatment and prosthesis in the last 1–24 months in a private and a public dental office. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, which was sent to patients via WhatsApp and email. Also, the Persian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 and the Positive Affect Negative …

Self-Medication Behavior Of Dental Students With Oral Ulceration Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fita Fathaya Iriana, Hendri Susanto, Rosa Amalia

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Self-medication refers to medication behavior for self-diagnosed symptoms. Oral ulcers are self-medicated lesions in the oral cavity. Dental students have different knowledge about oral cavity lesions and may self-medicate using drugs. This study aimed to determine the self-medication behavior of dental students for oral ulcers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on dental students in the Faculty of Dentistry from different batch years. Purposive sampling was used to select students with oral ulcer lesions in the last six months. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to assess self-medication behavior. Data collection using the online form. Student behavior …

Perception Of Conventional Cigarettes And Vaping Among Smokers And Nonsmokers: A Cross-Sectional Study, Indrayadi Gunardi, Rahmi Amtha, Firstine Kelsi Hartanto, Niko Falatehan, Alyah Heriandi, Angelita Victoria Kurniawan, Najla Nadiah, Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti, Andrijanto Andrijanto, Elizabeth Fitriana Sari

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: The growing popularity of vaping has introduced additional challenges, as potential health risks are still under investigation. Exploring differences in smoking perceptions between smokers and non-smokers could provide valuable insights into smoking behavior and inform effective intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perceptions of smoking, specifically vaping and conventional cigarette use, among young adult smokers and non-smokers. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed, with 542 university students included through random sampling, using a questionnaire consisting of 8 items. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Rasch model analysis. Results: Of the subjects, 259 …

Neutral Zone Vs. Conventional Denture Fabrication: A Randomized Crossover Study On Denture Performance, Karthik Kannaiyan, Arunima Chauhan, Vijayendranath Nayak, Riyshmaa Devendaran, Dashmita Peterson, Pavittra Kanesan, Vityaa Lakshmi

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: It is challenging to achieve satisfactory outcomes in a complete denture for patients with resorbed residual ridges. Utilization of neutral zone techniques to guide posterior denture tooth arrangement and denture base contouring has been considered for many decades. However, the evidence is still not enough to revise protocols. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction and stability of neutral zone denture with conventional denture. Methods: A crossover clinical trial was conducted among patients with resorbed mandibular ridges. Each participant received two sets of dentures: one fabricated using the neutral zone technique and one using the conventional method, in a …

Papillon–Lefèvre Syndrome: A Report Of Four Cases In One Family, Muhammed Abdullah Çege, Dilek Aynur Çankal, Ebru Binici, Bilge Turhan Bal

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cathepsin C gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The risk of its occurrence is heightened by consanguineous marriages. PLS affects both genders and presents with hyperkeratotic patches on the hands and feet and precocious aggressive periodontitis. Although teeth initially erupt normally, rapid resorption in periodontal tissues leads to swift tooth loss, and prosthetic rehabilitation is complicated due to aggressive alveolar bone resorption. Case report: In 2021, a brother and sister sought dental treatment at Gazi University’s Faculty of Dentistry. After thorough examinations, the brother underwent …

Comparison Of Pharyngeal Airway And Dentoskeletal Effects Of 2 And 4 Premolar Extraction Treatment In Adult Orthodontic Patients, Esra Genc, Ahmet Karaman

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to compare pharyngeal airway and dentoskeletal effects of 2 and 4 premolar extraction treatments in adult patients separately for each gender. Methods: The study was conducted with 60 adults (26 males; 34 females) aged 18-35 years. Individuals were divided into 3 groups as non-extraction, 2-premolar extraction, and 4-premolar extraction. Pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) dentoskeletal and pharyngeal airway measurements were performed on cephalometric radiographs. Results: A significant increase in nasopharyngeal airway (PNS-ad2) and anterior hyoid bone movement (CV3ai-H) was observed in the 4-extraction group; whereas in the 2-extraction group, inferior oropharyngeal airway (IAS) narrowing and hyoid …