Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Charting Truth, Trust, And Transformers: A Critical Look At Ai Text Detection And Recommendations For Medical Journals, Hari Mudipalli, Mahtab Milburn, Souritya Saha, Jamie Fairclough

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This editorial provides an overview of large language models (LLMs), the risks associated with their use, and the challenges involved in using artificial intelligence (AI) to determine the extent to which LLMs have been used to write text, including articles for publication in medical journals. As narratives generated by LLMs become increasingly difficult to distinguish from human writing, concerns have emerged about their impact on scholarly communication, particularly in health and medicine. The medical community is becoming more aware of various tools that can detect AI-generated text; however, adopting these tools comes with unique challenges. The purpose of this article …

Perspectives On Communicating Information And Shared Decision-Making In Patients Undergoing Transtibial Amputation, Lina Walther Sjödin, Lasse J. Lapidus, Eva Torbjörnsson

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Patients undergoing lower extremity amputation often desire to take an active part in decision-making. The primary aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of the care trajectory and information provided after a new care program was introduced. The secondary aim was to explore patients' perspectives of their involvement and participation in shared decision-making throughout the care process. The care program features new educational material, recommendations for the sagittal surgical technique, and information about a rigid removable dressing, early liner treatment, and a multidisciplinary team follow up three weeks after amputation.

Methods: Fifteen participants who underwent transtibial amputation …

Self-Management And Support Needs Of Patients Experiencing Persistent Symptoms Consistent With Hypothyroidism: A Qualitative Study, Marike De Reuver-Schuurman, Esther C. Bakker, Lilian Lechner, Liset Van Dijk

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: To gain insight into the self-management and support needs of patients experiencing persistent symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism, despite thyroid laboratory values within the normal range.

Methods: A qualitative study using the phenomenological approach was conducted. Semi-structured interviews including 19 patients diagnosed with persistent symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism, despite receiving adequate replacement therapy, were performed. Respondents were recruited using purposive sampling via Schildklier Organisatie Nederland (Dutch Thyroid Organization) (www.schildklier.nl). After transcription and coding, a thematic analysis was performed.

Results: All respondents reported that the persistent symptoms reduced their quality of life. The patients’ main focus was on finding the cause …

Understanding The Burden Of Myocardial Infarction And Patient Preferences For Treatment: A Real-World Study Assessing Patients’ Perspectives Via An Online Survey, M. Cecilia Bahit, Serge Korjian, Gerald Chi, Yazan Daaboul, Alberto Castro Molina, Ginger Jiang, Christiana Dangas, Mudit Tandon, Deepak L. Bhatt, Roxana Mehran, Harriette G.C. Van Spall, Paul Nara, Alka Shaunik, Charles Michael Gibson

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains to be associated with a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and disease burden. This study assessed patient perspectives on the burden of disease and treatment in the first year post-MI.

Methods: Data were collected via a self-administered online questionnaire posted on the Carenity patient platform in the United States (10/30/2022−12/30/2022). Only patients who had an MI in the prior year were eligible for inclusion.

Results: A total of 151 patients completed the survey. The majority were men (69%), median age was 50 years, and 38% had an MI within the previous 90 days. Overall, …

Improving Data-Driven Gated (Ddg) Pet And Ct Registration In Thoracic Lesions: A Comparison Of Ai Registration And Ddg Ct, Tinsu Pan, M Allan Thomas, Yang Lu, Dershan Luo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Misregistration between CT and PET can result in mis-localization and inaccurate quantification of the tracer uptake in PET. Data-driven gated (DDG) CT can correct registration and quantification but requires a radiation dose of 1.3 mSv and 1 min of acquisition time. AI registration (AIR) does not require an additional CT and has been validated to improve registration and reduce the 'banana' misregistration artifacts around the diaphragm. We aimed to compare a validated AIR and DDG CT in registration and quantification of avid thoracic lesions misregistered in DDG PET scans.

Methods: Thirty PET/CT patient data (23 with 18F-FDG, 4 with …

Strongyloides Seropositivity Among Children Utilizing A Mobile Clinic, Lynda Aririguzo, Aditi Gupta, Norma Castillo, Cassandra Duran, Eva H Clark, Ankona Banerjee, Sanghamitra Misra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Experts recommend screening for or presumptively treating strongyloidiasis in foreign-born immigrant children, though prevalence is unknown. Health care providers encounter barriers to following this recommendation. We aimed to describe Strongyloides seropositivity and risk factors among pediatric patients on a mobile clinic. Participants completed a written survey and provided blood for absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and Strongyloides IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From October 2022 to June 2023, 206 patients participated; 201 (97.6%) were born outside the United States; 97.1% (n = 200) were Hispanic. Most (68.9%) arrived less than 1 year before study enrollment. Four (1.9%) and 3 (1.5%) had …

Engineered Exosomes With Krasg12d Specific Sirna In Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase I Study With Immunological Correlates, Valerie S Kalluri, Brandon G Smaglo, Krishnan K Mahadevan, Michelle L Kirtley, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Mayela Mendt, Sujuan Yang, Ana S Maldonado, Hikaru Sugimoto, Maria E Salvatierra, Luisa M Solis Soto, Cara Haymaker, Rick Finch, Mihai Gagea, Adam C Fluty, Steven J Ludtke, J Jack Lee, Abhinav K Jain, Gauri Varadhachary, Rachna T Shroff, Anirban Maitra, Elizabeth Shpall, Shubham Pant, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Oncogenic KRAS is amongst the key genetic drivers for initiation and maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we show that engineered exosomes with KrasG12D specific siRNA (iExoKrasG12D) reveal a biodistribution in pancreas with negligible toxicity in preclinical studies in mice and Rhesus macaques. Clinical testing of iExoKrasG12D in the iEXPLORE (iExoKrasG12D in Pancreatic Cancer) Phase I study employed a non-randomized single-arm classical 3 + 3 dose escalation design (Phase Ia), followed by an accelerated titration design (Phase Ib) (NCT03608631). The primary outcomes included safety, tolerability and target engagement, and the secondary outcomes aimed to assess disease control. …

Unveiling Social Media Content Related To Adhd Treatment: Machine Learning Study Using X'S Posts Over 15 Years, Alba Gómez-Prieto, Alejandra Mercado-Rodriguez, Juan Pablo Chart-Pascual, Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro, Francisco J Lara-Abelenda, María Montero-Torres, Claudia Aymerich, Javier Quintero, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Cesar A Soutullo, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Design And Application Of A Tau Seed Amplification Assay For Screening Inhibitors Of Tau Seeding, Damian Gorski, Haley Evans, Tyler Allison, Carla Barria, Danielle Harrison, Victor Banerjee, Nicolas Mendez, Mohammad Shahnawaz, Sanne Kaalund, Jonas Folke, Susana Aznar, Paul Schultz, Fei Wang, Claudio Soto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Tau protein aggregates are a key pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are closely associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. It is proposed that tau aggregates faithfully propagate throughout the brain by self-templating their disease-associated conformation onto natively-folded tau monomers, thereby inducing their aggregation and incorporation into growing fibrils. As such, the inhibition or modulation of tau seeding and aggregation represents a viable therapeutic strategy for AD and other tauopathies.

Methods: We have recently developed seed amplification assays (SAA) for the detection and amplification of small quantities of misfolded protein aggregates in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, …

Ebola Virus Vp35 Nnlns Motif Modulates Viral Rna Synthesis And Mib2-Mediated Signaling, Grace Uwase, Priya Luthra, Olivia A Vogel, Jyoti Batra, Bruno A La Rosa, Kathleen C F Sheehan, Oam Khatavkar, Jacqueline E Payton, Robert A Davey, Nevan J Krogan, Christopher F Basler, Daisy W Leung, Gaya K Amarasinghe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense virus (NNSV) with a single-stranded RNA genome. EBOV encodes for a limited number of proteins and thus depends on host factors to facilitate viral replication and pathogenesis. Of the virus-encoded proteins, multifunctional EBOV VP35 (eVP35) is necessary for host immune evasion and viral RNA synthesis. Previous proteomics studies identified an interaction between eVP35 and the host E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 2 (MIB2). Here, we show how an NNLNS (Asn-Asn-Leu-Asn-Ser) motif (residues 201 to 205) within eVP35 serves as a binding site for MIB2. This motif is critical for eVP35-dependent inhibition of MIB2-mediated interferon …

Development Of A Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing Protein 15-Targeted Radio-Immunotheranostic Approach To Deplete Pro-Tumorigenic Mechanisms And Immunotherapy Resistance, Claire M Storey, Abbie Hasson, Diane Abou, Daniel Thorek, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) has emerged as an attractive biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) induces the expression of this plasma membrane protein specifically in aggressive and treatment resistant tumor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells, with minimal expression observed in non-neoplastic tissues. We have developed a humanized monoclonal antibody, DUNP19, that specifically binds with high affinity to a phylogenetically conserved LRRC15 epitope and is rapidly internalized upon LRRC15 binding. In multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenograft mouse models, Lutetium-177 labeled DUNP19 ([

Whose Burden, Whose Benefit? Revisiting Ethical Trade-Offs In The Who Guidelines On Scaling Up Mass Azithromycin Administration, Maple Goh, A. M. Viens, Safura Abdool Karim, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

Author summary

• New evidence suggests that mass drug administration of azithromycin (MDAA) can significantly reduce childhood mortality in high-burden, low-resource settings, yet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2020 guidelines take a cautious approach due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
• While the WHO guidelines cite ethical principles, they insufficiently address key considerations, such as intergenerational justice, equitable burden sharing, and the structural determinants of health that shape infectious disease vulnerability.
• Global AMR policy often prioritizes conservation over access in ways that disproportionately burden low-income countries, despite high-income countries also bearing significant responsibility for the emergence and spread of AMR.
• A …

The Critical Human Pathogen Acinetobacter Baumannii Exhibits Light-Regulated Circadian Rhythms, Valentín Permingeat, Bárbara Edith Perez Mora, María Laura Migliori, Natalia Arana, Julia Fernández, María Belén Allasia, Melisa Luciana Lamberti, Gisela Di Venanzio, Ramiro Esteban Rodriguez, Mario Federico Feldman, Diego Andrés Golombek, María Alejandra Mussi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as the paradigm of multidrug-resistant superbug, topping the WHO priority list of critical human pathogens. Interestingly, it senses and responds to blue light, which modulates global aspects of its physiology, including pathogenicity. We hypothesized that light could serve as a signal to synchronize the bacterial physiology to the host's behavior and/or to the environment. At environmental temperatures, light regulation is mainly governed by the photoreceptor BlsA. In this work, we identified the existence of daily rhythms in blsA promoter activity displaying a robust response to light, as well as endogenous circadian rhythms in A. baumannii. In …

Life-Moms: Effects Of Multicomponent Lifestyle Randomized Control Trial On Physical Activity During Pregnancy In Women With Overweight And Obesity, Hannah E Cabre, Debra Haire-Joshu, Alison G Cahill, Samuel Klein, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This report details the effect of LIFE-Mom's multicomponent lifestyle interventions on physical activity (PA) and inactivity time across pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters) and their effect on gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal/neonatal outcomes, a pre-specified secondary analysis.

METHODS: Pregnant people with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m

RESULTS: Although there were statistically significant differences in vigorous activity between the intervention and control group (p = .024), there were no clinically meaningful differences in PA. In the combined sample, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) significantly decreased across pregnancy (mean ± SD: 72.9 ± 29.1 min/day vs 63.9 ± 28.1 min/day; p …

Improving Data-Driven Gated (Ddg) Pet And Ct Registration In Thoracic Lesions: A Comparison Of Ai Registration And Ddg Ct, Tinsu Pan, M Allan Thomas, Yang Lu, Dershan Luo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Misregistration between CT and PET can result in mis-localization and inaccurate quantification of the tracer uptake in PET. Data-driven gated (DDG) CT can correct registration and quantification but requires a radiation dose of 1.3 mSv and 1 min of acquisition time. AI registration (AIR) does not require an additional CT and has been validated to improve registration and reduce the 'banana' misregistration artifacts around the diaphragm. We aimed to compare a validated AIR and DDG CT in registration and quantification of avid thoracic lesions misregistered in DDG PET scans.

METHODS: Thirty PET/CT patient data (23 with

RESULTS: DDG CT …

Long-Acting Recombinant Il-7 (Rhil-7-Hyfc) Enhances The Primary And Memory Neoantigen-Specific Immune Response To Breast Cancer Personalized Cancer Vaccines, Michael Chen, Thomas Kane, Ina Chen, Suangson Supabphol, Xiuli Zhang, Alexandra A Wolfarth, Donghoon Choi, Lijin Li, S Peter Goedegebuure, William E Gillanders

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Career Awareness Board Game Based On Augmented Reality For Generation Z Students, Caraka Putra Bhakti, Difa Ardiyanti, Agus Ria Kumara, Muhammad Alfarizqi Nizamuddin Ghiffari

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

The purpose of this research is to develop an augmented reality-based career awareness board game for Generation Z students. The current development of the era demands that Generation Z have a good career. In reality, currently, there are still many Generation Z students in schools who do not have the skills, competencies, and awareness to have an optimal career. One important thing that Generation Z students need to have is career awareness. Having career awareness will help someone recognise their career needs based on their competencies, talents, and interests. Developing career awareness can be achieved through guidance and counselling services. …

Plastic Makes Perfect: An Analysis Of Plastic Surgery As Rehabilitation In Early To Late 20th Century Prison Populations, Jack West

The Ozark Historical Review

As early as 1910, journalists from around the United States reported on the cause-and- effect relationship between a criminal’s physical appearance, their offenses, and the plastic surgeons willing to help them. These surgeons were interested in changing the physical “causes” of criminality to sever the mental roots of crime, inferiority, and anti-social attitude. This paper examines the use of plastic surgery programs as reform in prison through the lens of popular newspaper and journal articles and argues that public perception and reaction revealed in these articles shaped the prison program’s journey from its underground beginning to its eventual demise.

Sickle Cell Disease: A Story Of Injustice And Neglect, Nosakhare Edogun, Rosalyn Marar, Jasmine R. Marcelin

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

N/A

A Case Of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease In Texas, United States, Divya Chandramohan, Moyosore Awabajo-Otesanya, Deepak Chandramohan, James C. Saca

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) commonly presents with lymphadenopathy, with a third of cases presenting with fevers. It is seen in young female patients of Asian descent, with Taiwan accounting for most of the reported cases. It is imperative to consider KFD in an individual presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy. While it might not be common in the United States, there is an increasing number of cases being reported. Histologic features in KFD are unique, and a lymph node biopsy determines the diagnosis. We outline a case of KFD in the United States and describe histologic details that resulted in the diagnosis.

Urology Resident Associate: A Promising Alternative For The Unmatched Urology Applicant, Jayson Kemble, Grace Handleman, Chad A. Lagrange, Christopher M. Deibert

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background. Demand for urology residency spots frequently outstrips supply, with unmatched urology applicants having limited options while waiting for reapplication. We aim to demonstrate our experience with a year-long Urology Resident Associate (URA) position, which merges the role of junior resident and APP with the mission to reduce resident workload and further the training of an unmatched urology applicant.

Methods. A year-long, non-Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited URA position was created at our institution in 2023 and filled by an unmatched applicant to our program. The URA was given all the roles and responsibilities of a …

Improving Resident Orientation To Anesthesiology Subspecialties Using A Structured “Passport”, Ky Raymond, Adam Jackson, Angela Mcelrath, Kathryne Corrigan, Ivan Barannikov, Kayla Knuf, Kelly Ivins-O'Keefe

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background. On an initial pediatric, cardiothoracic, or obstetric anesthesiology rotation, a resident faces new knowledge and procedural expectations. Lack of guidance to direct learning may lead residents to feel unprepared. The optimal way to prepare residents is unknown. This initiative included the introduction of a structured “passport” for each subspecialty specifying the knowledge and procedural goals of an introductory rotation. This intervention aimed to improve resident and attending perceptions of resident readiness on these anesthesiology subspecialty rotations, as measured using pre- and post-initiative surveys of residents and attendings.

Methods. This initiative occurred at a large anesthesiology residency with 53 residents …

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among U.S. Medical Residents In High-Exposure-Risk Specialties – A National Study, Madison Oxford, Christina Stetter, Arpit Dave

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background. HPV vaccination is not required for the United States (U.S.) medical residents, despite their potentially high risk of iatrogenic exposure to the virus. We aim to evaluate vaccination status, patterns of HPV vaccine uptake, and perceived risk of iatrogenic infection among residents in high-exposure-risk specialties.

Methods. In spring 2023, an anonymous online survey was distributed via program directors and coordinators of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited Obstetrics & Gynecology, Family Medicine, Otolaryngology, and Dermatology training programs to assess residents’ vaccination status, HPV exposure, and HPV vaccine knowledge.

Results. Responses from 537 residents at programs located in …

Associations Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness And Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Alexa E. Nichols, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Jorge Igor Zwir, Andrew Tsin, Lorena Flores-Hernandez, Eron G. Manusov, Gladys E. Maestre, Amin Ibrahim, Tori Sayers, Jesus Melgarejo

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia. CSVD affects the deep and subcortical cerebral white matter.^1,2 The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cerebral white matter share a common embryological origin, with RNFL ganglion cell axons structurally analogous to cerebral white matter tracts.^3,4 This connection creates an opportunity to investigate whether structural changes in the RNFL reflect pathological changes in the cerebral white matter.^3,5,6 While most studies examining the relationship between RNFL and CSVD focus on specific comorbidities (e.g., patients with stroke or with cognitive impairment)^2,6,7,8, …

Evaluation Of Vitamin D Status And Its Interrelationships With Different Variables In An Iraqi Cohort Of Kidney Transplant Recipients, Hussein Yousif Sinjari

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Recent studies have observed that vitamin D insufficiency is quite common among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and has several deleterious effects. Objective: This study aimed to assess vitamin D (VD) status and investigate its relationships with various health variables in KTRs in Erbil, Iraq. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 130 consecutive KTRs; their mean age was 39.2 + 11.3 years, and 56.9% were men. Demographic data, comorbidities, and baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were obtained, recorded, and analyzed. The value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] > 30 ng/mL was considered sufficient, values of 15-30 ng/mL were insufficient, and a value …

The Relationship Between Evening Screen Time Use And Objectively Measured Sleep Outcomes In Us College Students, Donya Sedaghat

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

High amounts of nightly screen time have been thought to negatively affect sleep outcomes (sleep duration, quality, and latency). There is a lack of evidence exploring if this pattern exists in U.S. college students. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between evening screen time use and objectively measured sleep outcomes in U.S. college students. College students (N = 29) junior or senior standing in a Health Sciences major were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants wore accelerometers on their non-dominant wrist for 24hr/day for 7 days to capture sleep (duration, efficiency, awakenings, timing). Participants …

Enhancing Methods For Research On Cannabis: A Workshop Report, Jonathan Samet, Jessica Barrington-Trimis, Lisa Bero, Ashley Brooks-Russell, Meghan Buran, Julia Dilley, Darin Erickson, Marilyn Huestis, Kent Hutchison, Thomas Jeanne, Michael Kosnett, David Kroll, Stephen Lankenau, Richard Miech, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Paula Riggs, Neeloofar Soleimanpour, Steven Teutsch, Gregory Tung, George Sam Wang

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

AIMS: Progressive legalization of medical and recreational cannabis markets at the state-level has led to rapid growth of medical and recreational cannabis markets and to product diversification with emerging products having high concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Research on these products is still limited and the evidence available for policy formulation is diminished by methodological limitations.

METHODS: As a step towards addressing these limitations, the Colorado School of Public Health convened a multidisciplinary workshop that addressed four areas of cannabis research: epidemiological, clinical, surveillance, and policy. Workshop participants provided recommendations in each area to advance research on cannabis to make it more …

Quality Improvement Project Improving Fall Risk Protocol Compliance Through A Structured Fall Prevention Program In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Lakeesha Jenkins

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Falls remain a persistent patient-safety threat in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). At a Dallas–Fort Worth SNF, a needs assessment identified rising unassisted falls and inconsistent protocol adherence. This quality improvement (QI) project examined whether a structured, evidence-based bundle could improve staff knowledge and fall-prevention processes and reduce falls over four weeks. Guided by Lewin’s Change Theory and implemented with Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles, the pre–post design engaged direct-care staff (registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, certified nursing assistants; n = 20). The intervention included standardized risk screening with the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), targeted staff education, high-risk visual identifiers, and post-fall huddles. …

Bromelain-Based Enzymatic Debridement Of A Third-Degree Burn To Skin-Grafted Bowel, Shengqing Wang, Janie Faris, Kareem Abdelfattah, Samuel Mandell, M Victoria Miles

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Burn injuries over previously grafted tissue present a formidable challenge for excision and debridement, particularly when there are critical underlying structures such as bowel. Enzymatic debridement with the recently approved anacaulase-bcdb, a bromelain-based enzymatic debridement gel (Nexobrid), presents an additional method of burn excision that may be useful in such a situation. This brief report presents the management of a complex third-degree burn over a remotely skin-grafted bowel mass using anacaulase-bcdb gel. This report is written with documented patient consent and approval by the Human Research Protection Program office in compliance with institutional policy. A 52-year-old man presented to our …

2024 Impetus Platform Presentation Abstracts

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.