Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cardiovascular Health And Life Expectancy In Chronic Kidney Disease, Peipei Liu, Di Liu, Yulong Lan, Qi Zhang, Qiao Lu, Kang An, Jingyu Wang, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 674 million people worldwide and accounted for 35.6 million years of life lost in 2021.1 Premature mortality in CKD is driven largely by cardiovascular disease (CVD),2 and management of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors remains essential alongside pharmacological renoprotection. Life's Essential 8 (LE8),3 a validated composite measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), has been associated with lower mortality in CKD,4 yet prior studies have relied on relative risk estimates, leaving the absolute survival benefit and the extent to which high CVH can close the life-expectancy gap between patients with and without CKD unclear. We therefore examined …

Dietary Vitamin K Intakes And Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: Findings From The Uk Biobank, Montana Dupuy, Chengfeng Li, Pratik Pokharel, Liezhou Zhong, Benjamin H. Parmenter, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Jack Dalla Via, Allan Linneberg, Jette Jakobsen, Tilman Kühn, Aedín Cassidy, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua R. Lewis, Marc Sim, Nicola P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Vitamin K is essential for processes that inhibit vascular and valvular calcification, attributes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) and aortic stenosis (AS). Relationships between dietary vitamin K1 and K2 intakes, ASCVD and AS were explored.

Methods: In 112,111 participants from the UK Biobank without ASCVD or AS (median age 59.7 years, 57.3% female), dietary vitamin K1 (μg/day) and K2 (μgPKeq/day) intakes were calculated from Oxford WebQ 24-h dietary questionnaires, using vitamin K food composition databases. Associations with incident ASCVD, ASCVD subtypes and AS, obtained from self-reports, primary care data, hospital records and death registries, were examined using …

Dietary Patterns And Cognitive Decline In Older Adults: Findings From The Western Australia Memory Study, Carolina Blagojevic Castro, Samantha L. Gardener, Farzana Jahan, Juliana Chen, Belinda M. Brown, Ruey L. Loo, Kevin Taddei, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Michael Weinborn, Ana Caroline R.Dos Reis, Manohar L. Garg, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Preventive strategies, including adherence to specific dietary patterns, have received increasing attention as approaches to reduce cognitive decline and dementia risk. However, findings remain inconsistent, partly due to differences in dietary assessment methods, cognitive outcomes, and THE consideration of genetic susceptibility factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.

Methods: This study examined associations between dietary patterns and longitudinal cognitive change in 185 older adults without dementia from the Western Australia Memory Study. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments at baseline and up to five follow-up visits at 18-month intervals. Composite scores were …

Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer With Liver-Only Metastases: A Retrospective Cohort Study Integrating Prospectively Collected Real-World Clinical And Molecular Data From An Australian National Database (2009–2024) To Guide Treatment Planning, Savio G. Barreto, Christos S. Karapetis, Shahid Ullah, Matthew Burge, Susan Caird, Angus Campbell, Azim Jalali, Ross Jennens, Muhammad A. Khattak, Belinda Lee, Stephanie H. Lim, Shehara Mendis, Louise Nott, Timothy J. Price, Jeremy D. Shapiro, Jeanne Tie, Javier Torres, Colin Williams, Rachel Wong, Vanessa Wong, Peter Gibbs

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: To leverage the Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TRACC) registry (an Australian cancer database) to explore the ideal timing and sequence of therapies and the factors influencing these decisions in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver-only metastases to inform contemporary decision-making and future trials.

Study Type: Retrospective registry-based cohort study using the TRACC registry.

Setting and Participants: Consecutive patients with liver-only metastatic CRC enrolled in the TRACC registry.

Main Outcome Measures: To explore cancer biology, intended treatment at presentation, actual treatment received and the resultant outcomes for early-onset CRC (EOCRC) (≤ 50 years) and late-onset CRC (LOCRC) …

Estimation Of Persistent Inward Currents Contribution To Inspiratory Motoneuron Firing In Humans, Ricardo N.O. Mesquita, Simon C. Gandevia, Janet L. Taylor, Anna L. Hudson, Jane E. Butler

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Persistent inward currents (PICs) are known to prolong firing of limb-muscle motoneurons. Although there is immunohistochemical evidence of PIC channels in respiratory motoneurons, it is unknown whether PICs contribute to their firing prolongation. Intramuscular electromyographic signals were recorded from human inspiratory muscles to identify motor unit (MU) activity. Diaphragm MUs were identified during quiet breathing (n = 7; one female) and MUs from the 1st, 3rd, and 5th parasternal intercostal muscles during quiet (no lung volume feedback) and voluntary (triangular-shaped lung volume feedback) breathing (n = 5 males). PIC contribution to firing prolongation was estimated via quantification of firing hysteresis …

Exploring Traditional Breast Cancer Risk Genes Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Women, Katie Meehan, Leanne Pilkington, Azim Khan, Nicholas Pachter, Lisa Spalding, Ayeisha Milligan Armstrong, Cameron Redfern, Andrew Redfern

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 increase breast and ovarian cancer risk, but their prevalence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (herein referred to as Aboriginal) families has never been studied. Consequently, their contribution to breast cancer in this population is unknown.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 259 Aboriginal women and 789 age- and remoteness-matched non-Aboriginal women diagnosed with breast cancer (2001–2016). We assessed family history, genetic service referral and testing rates, and pathogenic variant rates in the context of testing access.

Results: Family history data were available for more Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal cases (46% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), with no difference in reported first-degree relatives with breast (22.5% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.98) or ovarian cancer (4.2% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.29). Similar proportions were referred to genetic services for testing eligibility (5.4% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.392). Of those referred, similar proportions were offered testing (86% vs. 81%, p = 0.66). Across the full cohort, BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were detected in 0.77% of Aboriginal versus 2.4% of non-Aboriginal women (p = 0.127); any pathogenic gene variant was detected in 0.77% versus 3.0% (p = 0.039).

Conclusions: …

Gut Microbiome Changes In Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M. Sithara Dissanayaka, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Thilini N. Jayasinghe, Vincent Ho, Vijay Jayasena, Kevin Taddei, Colin L. Masters, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that develops many years before clinical symptoms appear. The biological changes involved in the earliest stages remain poorly understood, particularly during the preclinical stage. Our previous work has identified gradual gut microbial and metabolic changes during this stage, suggesting these may represent early biological shifts that precede disease progression. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome may contribute to early AD processes through its effects on immune regulation, metabolism, and gut–brain communication. Changes in gut microbial composition, including reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Eubacterium, …

Patients’ And Carers’ Experiences Of The Postoperative Care Pathway Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Descriptive Qualitative Study, Dima Nasrawi, Sharon Latimer, Debbie Massey, Brigid M. Gillespie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: This study aimed to understand patients’ and carers’ experiences of the inpatient postoperative care pathway during Phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation, including patients’ recommendations to improve its delivery, their engagement, and discharge preparation.

Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study. Recruitment occurred over 1 month (February to March 2023) in a cardiac surgical ward at a large tertiary hospital. Adult patients who had recently undergone coronary artery bypass grafting and their carers were interviewed. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse interviews.

Results: Nine patients and five carers were interviewed. Patients were mainly male (n=8), while carers were mostly female …

Safety And Effectiveness Of Behavioural Activation For Chronic Pain: A Protocol For A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Controlled Trials, Fangyuan Zheng, Laura Hynes, Richard J. Gray, Irene Ngune, Jacqueline Sin, Martin Jones

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objectives: Chronic pain is a prevalent and complex condition associated with substantial physical, psychological, and social burden. Behavioural activation (BA), a structured psychological intervention originally developed for depression, may be relevant to chronic pain through its focus on reducing behavioural avoidance and increasing engagement in meaningful activities. Although BA has been applied in studies involving people with chronic pain, the safety and effectiveness of BA in this population have not been comprehensively synthesised. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the safety and effectiveness of BA for people with chronic pain.

The Future Midwife: A Prisma Scoping Review Of Education, Transition, And Work Readiness Among Midwifery Students, Danielle Gleeson, Tracey Tulleners, Jessica Elliott, Dianne Stratton-Maher, Liz Ryan, Jillian Mcculloch, Geraldine Roderick, Thenuja Jayasinghe, Joanne Buckley, Jamie May Newman, Helen Nutter, Jo Southern, Lisa Beccaria, Georgina Sheridan, Tess Trinder, Haiying Wang, Tao Wang, Sita Sharma, Linda Ng, Jing Yu Tan, Daniel Terry

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Preparing midwifery graduates to be confident, competent, and resilient is essential for workforce sustainability, yet students report a disconnect between academic preparation and clinical realities. Increasing care complexity, workforce shortages, and variable clinical learning environments globally highlight the need to examine how educational strategies support effective transition to practice. Objective: To map and synthesise the evidence regarding educational approaches, learning experiences, and transition-to-practice factors that influence preparedness for professional practice among midwifery students, and to identify gaps in the existing literature to inform a coherent and future-ready educational framework.

Methods: A PRISMA-ScR-guided scoping review was conducted across seven databases. …

The Reliability And Validity Of Manual Palpation To Assess Lower Limb Arterial Occlusion Pressure In Older Adults, For Application In Blood Flow Restriction Exercise, Michael Beere, Isaac Selva Raj, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Keith D. Hill, Peter K. Edwards, Belinda Brown, Brendan R. Scott

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

(A) Investigate test-retest reliability of posterior tibial pulse palpation to determine arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and examine validity against hand-held Doppler ultrasound. (B) Investigate the suitability of using 130% systolic brachial blood pressure for prescribing cuff inflation pressure for blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise. Repeated measures, crossover design. Lower limb AOP was assessed in 20 adults ≥ 60 years using hand-held Doppler ultrasound and posterior tibial pulse palpation. Brachial systolic blood pressure (bSBP) was measured to predict cuff inflation pressures (bSBP130%). On three occasions > 24 hours apart, three AOP measurements were recorded by the same blinded rater to determine intra-rater …

Unilateral Numbers Need Context: Reference Values For Single-Leg Cmj Performance Relative To Bilateral Cmj Capacity, Karol Kruczek, Tim Gabbett, Jason Lake, Michał Nowak

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The single-leg countermovement jump (SL CMJ) is widely used to assess limb-specific neuromuscular function, with interpretation commonly centred on inter-limb asymmetry. However, contextualising unilateral performance relative to bilateral capacity remains less clearly defined. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to develop exploratory descriptive benchmarks for SL CMJ kinetic, kinematic, and temporal variables expressed as a percentage of bilateral CMJ performance in a heterogeneous athletic cohort. A total of 348 athletes completed bilateral and unilateral CMJs using dual force plate sampling at 1000 Hz. The best trials were selected using the modified reactive strength index (mRSI), and averaged unilateral variables were expressed …

Effects Of Concurrent Neuropathologies With Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Change On Cognitive Decline: Minimal Impact Of Vascular Brain Injury Compared With Other Combinations, Sarah M Yasuda, Charles Mock, Kathryn Gauthreaux, Kwun C G Chan, C Dirk Keene, Jessica E Culhane, Yen-Chi Chen, Walter Kukull

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We examined cognitive changes associated with several neuropathologic entities, alone and in combination. We studied 808 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center to assess associations between neuropathologic diagnoses (from autopsy) and neuropsychologic test scores (trajectories over time for 5 domains: overall cognition, episodic memory, attention, language, executive function). Neuropathologies included: Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), Lewy body disease (LBD), vascular brain injury (VBI), and limbic-predominant age-related TDP43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). Using linear mixed-effects models, we examined trajectories of cognitive decline for ADNC alone compared to ADNC plus LBD, VBI, or LATE-NC. We also examined differences between observed trajectories …

Exploring The Associations Between Dietary Nitrate And Nitrite Intake And Markers Of Self-Reported Periodontal Disease In The Uk Biobank Cohort, Shatha S. Alhulaefi, Anthony Watson, Kirsten Brandt, Sheena E. Ramsay, Nicholas S. Jakubovics, Alex Griffiths, Jamie Matu, Mario Siervo, Benjamin H, Parmenter, Liezhou Zhong, Jonathan Hodgson, Catherine P. Bondonno, Nicola P. Bondonno, Oliver M. Shannon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Periodontal disease, an inflammatory condition affecting the tissue surrounding the teeth, has been associated with various systemic health issues. Dietary nitrate and nitrite are found in a range of plant and animal foods and, depending upon source, have been linked with both positive and negative health effects, including improved oral health with plant sources. This study aimed to investigate the associations between source-dependent (plant- and animal-sourced) nitrate and nitrite intake and odds of periodontal disease. Methods: We explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between tertiles of source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intake and the odds of periodontal disease using multivariable logistic …

Sarcopenic Obesity And Dementia Risk: Primary Associations And Landmark Analyses Of Muscle Strength And Body Composition Trajectories, Zhongyang Guan, Blossom C.M. Stephan, Lorenzo M. Donini, Justyna Godos, Giuseppe Grosso, Leticia Radin Pereira, Carla M. Prado, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo, Jonathan C.K. Wells, Marc Sim, Mario Siervo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) has been proposed as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Yet evidence is inconsistent and often limited by heterogeneous definitions and lack of longitudinal assessments. This study aimed to examine associations of SO with all-cause and subtype-specific dementia, and to assess dose–response patterns and how longitudinal changes in body composition and muscle strength relate to dementia risk. Methods: We included 489,972 adults (mean age 56.5 ± 8.1 years) followed for a median of 13.6 years. SO was defined using the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) criteria. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for …

Self-Managed Non-Pharmacological Interventions For Post-Treatment Upper Limb Dysfunction Rehabilition Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review, Jinqiu Li, Jing Yu (Benjamin) Tan, Tao Wang, Haiying Wang, Mengyuan Li, Sita Sharma, Linda Deravin, Daniel Terry

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study aims to identify commonly utilised self-managed non-pharmacological interventions for managing post-treatment ULD among breast cancer survivors, evaluate their effectiveness and safety, and identify the research gaps for future studies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, and eight English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest) were searched from their inception to 30 September 2025. Google and ResearchGate were also searched to identify any additional eligible studies. Narrative synthesis was used for data analysis. Risk of Bias version 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: 5972 studies …

Source-Specific Nitrate And Nitrite Intake And Bladder Cancer: Findings From The Danish Diet, Cancer And Health Cohort, Dorit W. Erichsen, Cecilie Kyrø, Jörg Schullehner, Susanne Rosthøj, Catherine P. Bondonno, Liezhou Zhong, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Pratik Pokharel, Torben Sigsgaard, Peter Fjeldstad Hendriksen, Frederik Dalgaard, Christina Dahl, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Christina C. Dahm, Anja Olsen, Anne Tjønneland, Nicola P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction Nitrate and nitrite, present in ground and drinking water, as well as foods, may contribute to bladder cancer through the formation of carcinogenic N -nitrosamines. However, risk likely depends on both the source and endogenous nitrosating factors. Methods Among participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort (N = 54,610) with no history of cancer, source-specific nitrate and nitrite intakes (drinking water, plant sources, naturally occurring animal sources, and additive-permitted meat sources) were estimated from national water monitoring data and food frequency questionnaires using food databases. Bladder cancer cases were ascertained through the Danish Cancer Registry. Multivariable-adjusted Cox …

Biological Aging And Generational Shifts In Early-Onset Cancer Risk, Ruiyi Tian, Xiaoyu Zong, Duo Ren, Stefani Tica, Daniel Hong, Oluseye Oduyale, Jason D Buenrostro, Ramaswamy Govindan, Yin Cao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Incidence of early-onset cancer is rising globally in recent generations, which underscores the need to elucidate the influence of emerging generational risk factors. Systemic and organ-specific aging reflects the cumulative impact of exposures and may provide an integrative and complementary approach to understand early-onset cancer risk. Here among 154,169 young adults from the United Kingdom Biobank, systemic aging measured by PhenoAge increased across birth cohorts, with 23% s.d. increase for those born 1965-1974 versus 1950-1954, and was associated with early-onset solid cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR)

Transplantation And Mortality As Competing Outcomes Among Patients On Dialysis With Newly Diagnosed Cancer: A Longitudinal Cohort Study, Ryan Gately, Eric A. Engels, Dharshana Sabanayagam, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Scott Campbell, Carmel Hawley, Wai Lim, Germaine Wong

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Rationale & Objective: A cancer diagnosis is associated with complex risks for patients that may influence survival and access to transplantation. This study characterized the probability and timing of cancer-related death, noncancer death, and transplantation among patients with an incident cancer diagnosis after dialysis initiation. Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting & Participants: In Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2021, 3,052 patients receiving dialysis, identified via the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, with cancer diagnosed after they had started dialysis. Exposure: Cancer, categorized by type and stage. Outcome: Transplantation as well as cancer-related death and noncancer death for …

Updating The Prisma Reporting Guideline For Scoping Reviews: A Scoping Review, Andrea C. Tricco, Emily Robinson, Sharon E. Straus, Heather Colquhoun, Christina M. Godfrey, David Moher, Zachary Munn, Danielle Pollock, Sherrie Logan, Ellen B.M. Elsman, Sabira Hasanoff, Yonda Lai, James Mcmahon, Jasmeen Dourka, Dipika Neupane, Hanan Khalil, Micah D.J. Peters, Lyndsay Alexander, Romy M. Jia, Ashrita Saran, Catrin Evans, Dawid Pieper

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Objectives The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (ScRs) (PRISMA-ScR) was published in 2018 to provide reporting guidance. A substantial increase in published ScRs in recent years coupled with the omission or lack of engagement of interest-holders, including patients and public partners, as research partners throughout its development necessitate updating PRISMA-ScR. Important methodological advancements have emerged since PRISMA-ScR 2018, including automation and data extraction, which need to be incorporated into this update and reflected in new reporting items. Aligned with PRISMA 2020, this ScR underpins the update by identifying potential new …

Yorga Moorditj Koort: Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Women’S Perspectives About Heart Health On Noongar Boodjar, Elia Bidgood, Cathy Garlett, Richard Chenhall, Amie Bingham, Francine Eades, Emily Banks, Melinda J. Carrington, Grace Joshy, Sandra Eades, Tabassum Rahman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In Australia, despite overall declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women develop heart disease earlier and experience more than twice the rate of related morbidity and mortality compared with non-Indigenous women. This study explores Aboriginal women’s understandings of the factors that shape their heart health and lived experiences of CVD. We spoke with 28 Aboriginal women aged ≥18 years—15 semistructured interviews and two yarning circles with an additional 13 Aboriginal women—with/without pre-existing CVD, and 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with Aboriginal communities in the Perth metropolitan region, between May 2024 and April 2025. Data were …

Acute And Chronic Leukemia In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Allwell A. Ayirebi, Stephen Twumasi, Linda K. Olaga, Benedict Sackey, Daniel N.M. Antonio, Richard O. Ansah, Eugene A. Ansah, John A. Sah, Enoch O. Anto, Yvonne Anang-Quartey, Antoinette Koomson, Angela Opoku, Godfred A. Donkor, Paulina Duah, Ama G. Boadu, Samuel Essien-Baidoo, Wina I.O. Boadu, Lilian A. Boateng

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The four primary subgroups of leukemia include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Very little is known about the regional variation of leukemia and subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Aims: This systematic review focused on the prevalent cases reported in sub-Saharan Africa, throwing more emphasis on treatment outcomes, follow up time and survival rates.

Methods: A systematic review of studies on acute and chronic leukemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase and African-specific databases such as African Journals Online …

Characterising Manual Dexterity, Motor Cortex Neuroplasticity, And Intracortical Inhibition Long After Burn Injury, Grant S. Rowe, Alecia Wood, Mark Fear, Dale W. Edgar, Aleksandra Miljevic, Tyler Osborne, Natalie Morellini, Merrilee Needham, Ann Maree Vallence, Fiona Wood

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Persistent motor dysfunction after burn injury may be due to altered motor cortex and corticospinal tract function. This study examined manual dexterity, motor cortex neuroplasticity, and intracortical inhibition in former burn patients 1–3 years after minor injury (<10% TBSA). Method: Thirty former burn patients (TBSA: 0.78 ± 1.08%) and 30 non-injured controls participated. Manual dexterity was assessed using the Purdue Pegboard. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure motor cortex excitability (motor evoked potential [MEP] amplitude) and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI, LICI) before and after paired-associative stimulation (PAS) to induce neuroplasticity. Results: Former burn patients performed worse than controls on the bimanual assembly subtest of the Purdue Pegboard. PAS did not induce changes in MEP amplitude but increased LICI in both burn patients and control participants. In burn patients, baseline LICI was related to bimanual performance differently than controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest poorer bimanual motor function persists after minor burns, and differences in the association between inhibition and bimanual dexterity between burn and control groups. Further research should explore whether targeting motor cortex inhibitory circuits can improve motor performance following burn injury

Kirschner Wire Skeletal Fixation In The Hand And Wrist: Risk Of Infection And Predictors Of Progression To Major Complications, Mitchell S Mologne, Julia M Perugini, Nicholas A Calotta, Lindley B Wall, Charles A Goldfarb

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Kirschner wire (K-wire) infections continue to be a challenge in hand surgery. Our purpose was to quantify the frequency of K-wire site infections of the hand and wrist, to tabulate major and minor infectious manifestations, to identify factors that may predispose a patient to major complications, and to generate an updated algorithm for prognostication and treatment of K-wire site infections.

METHODS: Patients treated with K-wires in the fingers, hand, and wrist who developed infections between 2018 and 2024 at our institution were identified. Information regarding patient factors, injury, treatment, and subsequent infectious complications was collected. Variables from single variable …

Language And Sound Exposure Across Neonatal Intensive Care Hospitalization And Relationships With Early Outcome, R Pineda, L J Woodward, Z A Vesoulis, C D Smyser, T E Inder, A M Mathur, B L Schlaggar

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Examine relationships between quantitative measures of language and sound exposure in the NICU and infant neurobehavior.

STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-four preterm infants (≤28 weeks of gestation) had language and sound exposure measured across four time points: within two weeks of birth and at 30, 34, and 35-41 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Neurobehavior was assessed at 35-41 weeks PMA using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales.

RESULTS: Higher average decibel levels in the NICU environment were associated with lower infant orientation scores (p = 0.04, β = -0.33). Higher peak decibel levels were associated with greater hypertonia (p = 0.01, β = …

Molecular Basis For The Regulation Of Membrane Proteins Through Preferential Lipid Solvation, Nathan Bernhardt, Tugba N Ozturk, Shan Zhang, Noah Schwartz, Rahul Chadda, Alejandro Gil-Ley, Janice L Robertson, José D Faraldo-Gómez

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mechanism by which lipids regulate membrane proteins remains an open question. While many protein structures reveal associated lipids, neither binding nor regulatory mechanisms can be gleaned from frozen static snapshots, as these processes occur in the context of a dynamic membrane at equilibrium. In this study, we combine single-molecule experiments with computational analyses of lipid dynamics and lipid-solvation energetics to understand how changes in the lipid composition of the membrane influence the dimerization of the CLC-ec1 chloride/proton antiporter. We find this influence does not result from long-lived lipid binding at specific sites, but instead from an inherently dynamic effect …

Blood-Based Circular Rnas For Early Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Bridget Phillips, Jessie Sanford, Menghan Liu, Matt Johnson, Katherine Gong, Kristy Bergmann, Joseph Lowery, Allison Flynn, William Brock, Brenda Sanchez Montejo, Nicholas Sykora, John Budde, John C Morris, Joel S Perlmutter, Paul T Kotzbauer, Richard J Perrin, Laura Ibanez, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) before the development of clinical symptoms is critical for enabling the use of new treatments. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable non-coding RNAs enriched in the brain that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, analyzing blood data from 1,221 individuals with AD and healthy individuals, we identified 34 circRNAs associated with AD status. A predictive model including these 34 circRNAs was comparable to plasma phosphorylated Tau-217 (pTau217) in classifying AD based on biomarker-confirmed (amyloid-β and Tau) status and replicated in independent samples from the Knight-Alzheimer Disease Research Center (n = 551: 76 AD, 475 cognitively …

Sez6-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Abbv-706 In Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer And Solid Tumors: A Phase 1 Trial, Lauren Averett Byers, Daniel Morgensztern, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Seizure-related homolog 6 (SEZ6) is expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroendocrine neoplasms. In an open label, phase 1 trial, ABBV-706, an antibody-drug conjugate with a SEZ6-directed antibody linked to topoisomerase-1 inhibitor (Top1i), was administered intravenously every 3 weeks (Q3W) to 288 patients with advanced solid tumors; 240 received monotherapy, including 124 with relapsed/refractory (R/R) SCLC. Primary objectives of dose escalation (part 1, advanced solid tumors), dose optimization and expansion (part 2, R/R SCLC only) and dose expansion (part 4, central nervous system tumors and high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms only) were to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity …

Shared And Distinct Alterations In Brain Structure Of Youth With Internalizing Or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From The Enigma Antisocial Behavior, Adhd, Major Depressive Disorder, And Anxiety Working Groups, Sophie Townend, Marlene Staginnus, Yidian Gao, Nina Alexander, Volker Arolt, Tobias Banaschewski, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Mark A. Bellgrove, Vivek Benegal, Anderson M. Winkler

Human Genetics Publications

Background: Externalizing and internalizing disorders are common in youth but are often studied separately, preventing researchers from identifying shared (i.e., transdiagnostic) alterations in brain structure. Using data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium, we conducted a mega-analysis to identify shared and distinct cortical and subcortical brain alterations across internalizing (anxiety disorders and depression) and externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder [CD]) disorders in youth.

Methods: 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from youths (age range 4-21 years) with anxiety disorders (n = 1044), depression (n = 504), ADHD (n = 1317), and CD (n = 1172) …

Yap1-Dependent Regulation Of Cell Size In Bcam-Positive Limbal Corneal Progenitor Cells, Kosei Suzuki, Shinri Sato, Markus H. Frank, Natasha Y. Frank, Yuzuru Sasamoto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cell size has been associated with stem and progenitor cell states across multiple tissues, yet its regulation in the human corneal epithelium remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize cell-size differences among limbal and corneal epithelial cell populations defined by the limbal stem cell (LSC) marker ABCB5 and the transit-amplifying cell (TAC) marker BCAM, and to investigate the molecular regulators of progenitor cell size. ABCB5-positive LSCs and BCAM-positive TACs were identified and isolated by flow cytometry, and the mean cell size was estimated using forward scatter (FSC). As a result, ABCB5-positive LSCs were significantly smaller than ABCB5-negative limbal epithelial …