Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Risk Of Hypertension In Adulthood As A Consequence Of Adolescent Obesity, Demsa Simbolon, Epti Yorita, Ruzita Abd Talib

Kesmas

Population increase in adolescence are associated with increased overweight and obesity problems. If this problem not early intervention will have an impact on increasing hypertension prevalence and risk of death. This research aimed to explain the consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescent to hypertension in adults. The study used Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data with a retrospective cohort study. Adolescent BMI measurements on 2007 and the risk of hypertension on 2014. Population are all adolescents aged 10-20 years in 2007. Sample of 1,697 adolescent who randomly IFLS 2007 with the inclusion criteria: biological children and a single birth, …

Duration Of Hormonal Contraception And Risk Of Cervical Cancer, Yuni Kusmiyati, Annisaputri Prasistyami, Heni Puji Wahyuningsih, Hesty Widyasih, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani

Kesmas

The use of long hormonal contraceptives can disrupt the balance of estrogen in the body, resulting in abnormal cell changes. This study aimed to determine a correlation between the duration of hormonal contraception and risk of cervical cancer. This study used a case-control design. The population were patients who had examined at a cancer installation and obstetrics-gynecology polyclinic Dr. Sardjito Hospital in 2018. Case samples were 95 women have cervical cancer diagnosis and control were 95 women with a negative pap smear. Sampling with random sampling. Dependent variable cervical cancer and independent variable the duration of hormonal contraception are obtained …

Private Midwives’ Perceptions On Barriers And Enabling Factors To Voluntary Counselling And Hiv Test (Vct) In Bali, Indonesia, Dinar Saurmauli Lubis, Lpl Wulandari, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, Kadek Tresna Adhi, Sari Andajani

Kesmas

In Indonesia, more than half of pregnant women seek antenatal care (ANC) at private midwifery clinics. The midwives play an important role in advocating for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) uptake among pregnant women during ANC. This study examined midwives’ perception of barriers and enabling factors with regards to refer pregnant women for HIV testing. The study was conducted in Denpasar City and Badung District, two localities in Bali with high HIV prevalence. Two focus groups discussions with 15 private midwives and five in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis methods were used to examine patterns …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Lung Function Values Among A Scuba Diver Population And In Comparison To A Non-Diver Population, Gabriel C. Hutson, Jeremy D. Rentsch, Erin M. Eaton

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between lung function values (PEF, IRV, ERV, and FVC) among a diver population, as well as in comparison to a non-diver population. Independent variables for both populations were biological sex, age, and weekly physical activity. Independent variables for the diver population were dive tenure, number of logged dives, certification level, and gas mixture used. A spirometry test was conducted to collect lung function values of both populations. Data from this study suggest a statistically significant relationship between diver and non-diver sex and FVC, diver age and ERV, diver sex and …

The Role Of Using Formative Assessments In Problem-Based Learning: A Health Sciences Education Perspective, Kristi W. Kelley, Julaine M. Fowlin, Andrew A. Tawfik, Max C. Anderson

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

Practitioners in the field of pharmacy are often confronted with ill-structured problems. Specifically, pharmacists are tasked with making patient-specific recommendations that are both safe and effective, which requires combining knowledge from the biomedical, behavioral, and pharmaceutical sciences. Given the dynamic nature of pharmacy as a profession, the field has begun to explore learning strategies that go beyond mere content coverage to strategies that better support higher-order learning outcomes. One of these approaches is problem-based learning (PBL). While studies have focused on how to support PBL to improve learning outcomes, the role of assessment is often overlooked. Further exploration is thus …

Erasure On All Sides: A Public Health Analysis Of Mental Health Disparities Experienced By Bisexual Individuals, Kaila K. Graham

The Hilltop Review

Research has found that bisexuals not only experience poorer mental health outcomes when compared to heterosexuals, but that the same holds true when compared to other members of the LGBTQ community (Feinstein & Dyar, 2017; Mackay, Robinson, Pinder, & Ross, 2017; Persson & Pfaus, 2015). From the stigma surrounding mental health and the stresses of non-disclosure up to experiences of discrimination in health care and at times lack of legal protection, the issues faced by bisexual individuals on a daily basis are great (Mackay et al., 2017; Persson & Pfaus, 2015). These battles take a toll on the mental health …

Parental Choices Of Flotation Devices For Children And Teen Swimmers And Waders: A Survey At Beaches In Washington State, Natalie Spitzer, Thomas W. Mangione, Wendy Chow, Linda Quan, Elizabeth Bennett

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Drowning at open-water areas is the second leading cause of unintentional death among Washington State children. Providing written and visual safety instructions and loaned life jackets at swim sites (“loaner boards”) may reduce the risk of drowning. This study sought to understand parental perceptions regarding loaner boards and behaviors related to bringing flotation devices for children to use while swimming. Of the 102 surveys administered to parents on the beach at 10 different open-water sites, 29 were collected from sites with loaner boards. Parents provided information about ages of family members present, flotation devices brought and perceptions surrounding loaner boards. …

Visual Discrimination, Serial Reversal, And Extinction Learning In The, Price E. Dickson, Guy Mittleman

Faculty Research 2019

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy and the most common neuromuscular disorder. In addition to neuromuscular consequences, some individuals with DMD experience global intellectual dysfunction and executive dysfunction of unknown mechanistic origin. The cognitive profile of the mdx mouse, the most commonly used mouse model of DMD, has been incompletely characterized and has never been assessed using the touchscreen operant conditioning paradigm. The touchscreen paradigm allows the use of protocols that are virtually identical to those used in human cognitive testing and may, therefore, provide the most translational paradigm for quantifying mouse cognitive function. …

Flecainide Toxicity Resulting In Pacemaker Latency And Intermittent Failure To Capture, John M. Suffredini, Joshua Rutland, Peter Akpunonu, Regan Baum, John Catanzaro, Claude S. Elayi

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent used in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. It is associated with a potent adverse effect profile; however, the effects of flecainide toxicity in the setting of a pacemaker have not been well described. We describe a unique case of flecainide toxicity secondary to acute kidney injury in the setting of a dual-chamber pacemaker, resulting in ventricular capture latency and intermittent failure to capture.

CASE REPORT The patient was a 91-year-old female with a history of atrial fibrillation maintained in sinus rhythm on flecainide, who presented complaining of purple visual disturbances …

Decline In Telomere Length By Age And Effect Modification By Gender, Allostatic Load And Comorbidities In National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002), Saruna Ghimire, Carl V. Hill, Francisco S. Sy, Rachelle Rodriguez

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: This study aims to assess the decline in telomere length (TL) with age and evaluate effect modification by gender, chronic stress, and comorbidity in a representative sample of the US population. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 7826 adults with a TL measurement, were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, years 1999–2002. The population rate of decline in TL across 10-year age categories was estimated using crude and adjusted regression. Results: In an adjusted model, the population rate of decline in TL with age was consistent and linear for only three age categories: 20–29 (β = -0.0172, 95% …

The Impact Of Pedestrian Crossing Flags On Driver Yielding Behavior In Las Vegas, Nv, Sheila Clark, Courtney Coughenour, Kelly Bumgarner, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Chantel Reynolds, James Abelar

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Walking is the most affordable, accessible, and environmentally friendly method of transportation. However, the risk of pedestrian injury or death from motor vehicle crashes is significant, particularly in sprawling metropolitan areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pedestrian crossing flags (PCFs) on driver yielding behaviors. Participants crossed a marked, midblock crosswalk on a multilane road in Las Vegas, Nevada, with and without PCFs, to determine if there were differences in driver yielding behaviors (n = 160 crossings). Trained observers recorded (1) the number of vehicles that passed in the nearest lane without yielding while the …

The Impact Of Pedestrian Crossing Flags On Driver Yielding Behavior In Las Vegas, Nv, Sheila Clark, Courtney Coughenour, Kelly Baumgarner, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Chantel Reynolds, James Abelar

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Presentations

Walking is the most affordable, accessible, and environmentally friendly method of transportation. However, the risk of pedestrian injury or death from motor vehicle crashes is significant, particularly in sprawling metropolitan areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pedestrian crossing flags (PCFs) on driver yielding behaviors. Participants crossed a marked, midblock crosswalk on a multilane road in Las Vegas, Nevada, with and without PCFs, to determine if there were differences in driver yielding behaviors (n = 160 crossings). Trained observers recorded (1) the number of vehicles that passed in the nearest lane without yielding while the …

Assessing General Cognitive And Adaptive Abilities In Adults With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Sarah Hamburg, Bryony Lowe, Carla Marie Startin, Concepcion Padilla, Antonia Coppus, Wayne Silverman, Juan Fortea, Shahid Zaman, Elizabeth Head, Benjamin L. Handen, Ira Lott, Weihong Song, André Strydom

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Measures of general cognitive and adaptive ability in adults with Down syndrome (DS) used by previous studies vary substantially. This review summarises the different ability measures used previously, focusing on tests of intelligence quotient (IQ) and adaptive behaviour (AB), and where possible examines floor effects and differences between DS subpopulations. We aimed to use information regarding existing measures to provide recommendations for individual researchers and the DS research community.

RESULTS: Nineteen studies reporting IQ test data met inclusion for this review, with 17 different IQ tests used. Twelve of these IQ tests were used in only one study while …

Smart Lighting Clinical Testbed Pilot Study On Circadian Phase Advancement, Joseph D. Gleason, Meeko Oishi, Michelle Simkulet, Arunas Tuzikas, John P. Hanifin, George C. Brainard, S. R.J. Brueck, Robert F. Karlicek, Jr., Lee K. Brown

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Objective: Lighting is a strong synchronizer for circadian rhythms, which in turn drives a wide range of biological functions. The objective of our work is a) to construct a clinical in-patient testbed with smart lighting, and b) evaluate its feasibility for use in future clinical studies.

Methods: A feedback capable, variable spectrum lighting system was installed at the University of New Mexico Hospital. The system consists of variable spectrum lighting troffers, color sensors, occupancy sensors, and computing and communication infrastructure. We conducted a pilot study to demonstrate proof of principle, that 1) this new technology is capable of providing continuous …

Advanced Glycation End-Products Suppress Mitochondrial Function And Proliferative Capacity Of Achilles Tendon-Derived Fibroblasts, Shivan H. Patel, Feng Yue, Shannon K. Saw, Rachel Foguth, Jason R. Cannon, Jonathan H. Shannahan, Shihuan Kuang, Arman Sabbaghi, Chad C. Carroll

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Debilitating cases of tendon pain and degeneration affect the majority of diabetic individuals. The high rate of tendon degeneration persists even when glucose levels are well controlled, suggesting that other mechanisms may drive tendon degeneration in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of advanced glycation end-products on tendon fibroblasts to further our mechanistic understanding of the development and progression of diabetic tendinopathy. We proposed that advanced glycation end-products would induce limitations to mitochondrial function and proliferative capacity in tendon-derived fibroblasts, restricting their ability to maintain biosynthesis of tendon extracellular matrix. Using an in-vitro cell …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• The American Statistical Association (ASA) announces the 2019 winner of the ASA Karl E. Peace Award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the Betterment of Society

Utility Of Clinical Features With Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy For Diagnosis Of Warthin Tumor., Thomas So, Axel Sahovaler, Anthony Nichols, Kevin Fung, John Yoo, Michele M Weir, S Danielle Macneil

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND:
Conservative management of Warthin tumor (WT) may be a viable alternative to surgery, but there are concerns of missed malignancies on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The purpose of this study is to measure the sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT, and to identify clinical features associated with WT that can aid in this diagnosis.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of patients from January 1, 2006 to April 30, 2017 at a tertiary care center in London, Ontario, Canada. All patients with a diagnosis of WT on FNAB or resection were included. Electronic medical records were identified for …

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry And Inhibitory Control Among Individuals With Cannabis Use Disorders, Alina Shevorykin, Lesia M. Ruglass, Robert D. Melara

Publications and Research

To better understand the biopsychosocial mechanisms associated with development and maintenance of cannabis use disorder (CUD), we examined frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as a measure of approach bias and inhibitory control in cannabis users versus healthy nonusers. We investigated: (1) whether FAA could distinguish cannabis users from healthy controls; (2) whether there are cue-specific FAA effects in cannabis users versus controls; and (3) the time course of cue-specific approach motivation and inhibitory control processes. EEG data were analyzed from forty participants (CUD (n = 20) and controls (n = 20)) who completed a modified visual attention task. Results showed controls …

Genetic Determinants Of Gut Microbiota Composition And Bile Acid Profiles In Mice., Julia H Kemis, Vanessa Linke, Kelsey L Barrett, Frederick J Boehm, Lindsay L Traeger, Mark P Keller, Mary E Rabaglia, Kathryn L Schueler, Donald S Stapleton, Daniel M Gatti, Gary A Churchill, Daniel Amador-Noguez, Jason D Russell, Brian S Yandell, Karl W Broman, Joshua J Coon, Alan D Attie, Federico E Rey

Faculty Research 2019

The microbial communities that inhabit the distal gut of humans and other mammals exhibit large inter-individual variation. While host genetics is a known factor that influences gut microbiota composition, the mechanisms underlying this variation remain largely unknown. Bile acids (BAs) are hormones that are produced by the host and chemically modified by gut bacteria. BAs serve as environmental cues and nutrients to microbes, but they can also have antibacterial effects. We hypothesized that host genetic variation in BA metabolism and homeostasis influence gut microbiota composition. To address this, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock, a population of genetically distinct …

Suicide Throughout Military Personnel And Veterans: A Literature Review, Brandon Cottrell

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Suicide among uniformed servicemembers and veterans is hauntingly common, with numbers increasing despite growing efforts to address potential problem sources. Numerous programs, strategies, research studies and system-wide efforts continue to attempt to stifle the losses. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the gravity of the multifactorial situation, and potentially offer insight into future plans to stop these very preventable tragedies.

Methods: A database search was conducted for studies from January 2010 or more recent using PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and UpToDate. The search terms/keywords used were “veterans, suicide, prevention, reduction, treatment, strategies, therapy, medications, antidepressant, selective …

Effects Of Environmental Enrichment In Maternally Separated Rats: Age And Sex-Specific Outcomes, Raura J. Doreste-Mendez, Efraín J. Ríos-Ruiz, Leslie L. Rivera-Lopez, Alfredo Gutierrez

School of Medicine Publications

Maternal separation (MS) early in life is related to an increase in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and neurobiological alterations mostly related to alterations in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been used to ameliorate the effects of MS. However, the outcomes of this intervention at different developmental periods after MS have not been studied. We subjected male and female Sprague-Dawley pups to MS and subsequently compared the effects of EE started either in the pre-pubertal period [postnatal day (PND) 22] or adulthood (PND 78). Anxiety and depressive-like behaviors as well as in hippocampal synaptic density and …

Direct Measurement Of Performance: A New Era In Antimicrobial Stewardship, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Hana Rac Winders, P. Brandon Bookstaver, Julie Ann Justo

Faculty Publications

Penicillin allergies are among of the most commonly reported allergies, yet only 10% of these patients are truly allergic. This leads to potential inadvertent negative consequences for patients and makes treatment decisions challenging for clinicians. Thus, allergy assessment and penicillin skin testing (PST) are important management strategies to reconcile and clarify labeled penicillin allergies. While PST is more common in the inpatient setting where the results will immediately impact antibiotic management, this process is becoming of increasing importance in the outpatient setting. PST in the outpatient setting allows clinicians to proactively de-label and educate patients accordingly so beta-lactam antibiotics may …

Influence Of Sport Specialization On Athletic Performance And Injury Risk In Collegiate Swimmers, Samantha M. Gunn, Gerald T. Mangine, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Garrett M. Hester

The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research

To assess the effect of swimming specialization on performance and injury risk in collegiate swimmers, thirty collegiate swimmers (20.1 ± 0.9 years [18.5 – 22.3 years]) were asked to complete an anonymous survey to provide information regarding their sports participation history, success in swimming, and the occurrence and quantity of swimming-related injuries. Specialization status was determined by the swimmer claiming they had specialized and by the number of months (≥ 8 months) they participated in swimming each year. Correlation analysis revealed several significant (p < 0.05) relationships between all determinants of specialization, swimming success, and swimming injuries. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the age which an athlete specialized was the best predictor of the occurrence of a swimming- related injury (R² = 0.34, p = 0.004) and the number of injuries sustained (R² = 0.25, …

Activation Of Lxrβ Inhibits Tumor Respiration And Is Synthetically Lethal With Bcl-Xl Inhibition, Trang Thi Thu Nguyen, Chiaki Tsuge Ishida, Enyuan Shang, Chang Shu, Consuelo Torrini, Yiru Zhang, Elena Bianchetti, Maria J. Sanchez-Quintero, Giulio Kleiner, Catarina M. Quinzii, Mike-Andrew Westhoff, Georg Karpel-Massler, Peter Canoll, Markus D. Siegelin

Publications and Research

Liver-X-receptor (LXR) agonists are known to bear anti-tumor activity. However, their efficacy is limited and additional insights regarding the underlying mechanism are necessary. By performing transcriptome analysis coupled with global polar metabolite screening, we show that LXR agonists, LXR623 and GW3965, enhance synergistically the anti-proliferative effect of BH3 mimetics in solid tumor malignancies, which is predominantly mediated by cell death with features of apoptosis and is rescued by exogenous cholesterol. Extracellular flux analysis and carbon tracing experiments (U-¹³C-glucose and U-¹³C-glutamine) reveal that within 5 h, activation of LXRβ results in reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism, leading …

Visual Boards To Improve Compliance With Administration Of Glucose Gel, Bonnie Hibbs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstones

The purpose of this quality improvement project is to increase staff compliance of administering glucose gel for the treatment of newborn hypoglycemia through use of a daily management board. Through improved compliance to gel administration, the project further seeks to decrease NICU admissions for hypoglycemia, decrease formula supplementation of breastfed newborns, and improve exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge.

Occupied, Judy Diamond, Tom Floyd, Rebecca Smith, Ann Downer-Hazell, Martin Powell, Nick Poliwko, Angie Fox, Amy Spiegel, Patricia Wonch Hill, Julia Mcquillan

Zea E-Books Collection

Our bodies are home to more microbes than human cells. The balance of helpful to harmful microbes in our bodies can make us sick or healthy. The Biology of Human project focuses on helping people understand themselves by exploring scientific principles that underlie modern research in human biology. Biology of Human is an alliance of science educators, artists, science writers, and biomedical researchers working to increase public understanding about viruses and infectious disease. In this comic, Daniel and Miguel find themselves in the world of the microbes, where they meet the Roid (Bacteroides), Longo biffi (Bifidobacterium longum), E. …

Prevalence Of Goiter Among Children In Ethiopia And Associated Factors: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Getenet Dessie, Desalegne Amare, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Henok Mulugeta, Dessalegn Haile Kassa, Ayenew Negesse, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Fasil Wagnew, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sahai Burrowes

BACKGROUND: The distribution of goiter among children and its risk factors are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of goiter and its associated factors among children in Ethiopia.

METHODS: Electronic web-based searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) were conducted to find primary studies. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive summaries of the studies were presented in tables. The I

RESULTS: Our search identified 982 studies, of which, 19 articles …

Duodenal Variceal Bleeding With Large Spss Treated With Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt And Embolization: A Case Report, Rohit Anand, Saad Emhmed Ali, Driss Raissi, Wesam M. Frandah

Internal Medicine

Background: Duodenal variceal bleeding is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common site is the duodenal bulb. It is usually detected endoscopically but it can be very challenging to diagnose if it is located distal to the second part of duodenum. The pre- transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) presence of SPSS was found to be associated with an increased risk of early morbidity and mortality after TIPS placement. Case Summary: A 43-year-old cirrhotic male presented with melena for three days. Upper endoscopy was performed and showed active blood oozing from the distal duodenum concerning for ectopic duodenal varix. …

Binding During Sequence Learning Does Not Alter Cortical Representations Of Individual Actions, Patrick Beukema, Jörn Diedrichsen, Timothy D. Verstynen

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Copyright © 2019 the authors. As a sequence of movements is learned, serially ordered actions get bound together into sets to reduce computational complexity during planning and execution. Here, we investigated how actions become naturally bound over the course of learning and how this learning affects cortical representations of individual actions. Across 5 weeks of practice, neurologically healthy human subjects learned either a complex 32-item sequence of finger movements (trained group, n = 9; 3 female) or randomly ordered actions (control group, n = 9; 3 female). Over the course of practice, responses during sequence production in the trained group …