Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Future Challenges And Opportunities In Teaching And Research For Biomedical Sciences, Gerry Mckenna

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Supporting Recent Advances In The Enhancement Of Teaching And Learning, Theresa Maguire

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Hong Kong Rae 2020: Perspective From A Department Hosting Two Healthcare Disciplines, Shea-Ping Yip

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Update On The Research Assessment Framework 2021, Yvonne Barnett

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Widening Participation And Access: Maximising And Capturing The Impact Of University Interventsions, Andrew Bengry

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Open Research: The Imperative Of Working Together To Make This Happen, Liam Earney

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Promotion Of Research And Its Economic Impact In Ireland, Mark Ferguson

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Cost Of The Culturati: Studying The Neighborhood Stability Impact Of Cultural District Designations, Prakash Mishra

Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs

The decision to declare a district for a specific cause is a critical policy decision; making an area an official office park or designated cultural site means it will attract specific types of residents and businesses and require specific amenities. This paper reviews the impact of designating a cultural district as a place-based policy, specifically by developing a measure of neighborhood stability and applying a stress test of neighborhood stability in cultural districts during the Great Recession. The model underpining the neighborhood stability measure is an optimal stopping time model which frames neighborhood rents as a Brownian motion with drift. …

Volume I | Issue Ii | 2019.Pdf, Dujpew Editorial Board

Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs

No abstract provided.

Masthead 2019, Dujpew Editorial Board

Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Editor 2019, Dujpew Editorial Board

Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs

No abstract provided.

A Cross Sectional Study Evaluating Psychosocial Job Stress And Health Risk In Emergency Department Nurses, Rupkatha Bardhan, Karen Heaton, Melissa Davis, Peter Chen, Dale A. Dickinson, Claudiu T. Lungu

Faculty & Staff Research and Creative Activity

Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of job stress and oxidative stress in nurses, and determined if significant relationships exist between higher job stress scores and demographic factors and working conditions. Emergency department nurses (n = 42) were recruited from a University Hospital following Institutional Review Board approval. Job stress indicators, effort–reward ratio and overcommitment were evaluated from survey questionnaires using the effort–reward imbalance model, and associations with age, sex, body mass index, and working conditions were measured by logistic regression analysis. Oxidative stress …

Map7 Prevents Axonal Branch Retraction By Creating A Stable Microtubule Boundary To Rescue Polymerization., Stephen R. Tymanskyj, Le Ma

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

Complex neural circuits are built from axonal branches that allow each neuron to connect with multiple targets. During development, maturation of nascent branches depends on stabilization of newly assembled or transported microtubules, which are thought to be regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). However, because many known MAPs inhibit branch formation, it is not clear which MAP is responsible for regulating microtubule stability during branch development. Here, we show that MAP7, a less-well understood MAP that is localized to branch junctions, provides a key molecular mechanism to regulate microtubule stability during branch formation. In developing rodent sensory neurons of mixed sex, …

Effect Of 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Models For Surgical Planning Of Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy On Surgical Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Joseph D Shirk, David D Thiel, Eric M Wallen, Jennifer M Linehan, Wesley M White, Ketan K Badani, James R Porter

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Importance: Planning complex operations such as robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy requires surgeons to review 2-dimensional computed tomography or magnetic resonance images to understand 3-dimensional (3-D), patient-specific anatomy.

Objective: To determine surgical outcomes for robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy when surgeons reviewed 3-D virtual reality (VR) models during operative planning.

Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed. Ninety-two patients undergoing robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy performed by 1 of 11 surgeons at 6 large teaching hospitals were prospectively enrolled and randomized. Enrollment and data collection occurred from October 2017 through December 2018, and data analysis was performed from December 2018 through March …

A Comparison Of Opioid Abuse Screening Tools Of Detection Of High Risk Patients In The Inpatient Setting, Grace Gu Md, Albert Cheng Md, Darren Rahaman Md, Shyh-Jeun Wang Md, Maureen Strohm Md, Napatkamon Ayutyanont

Family Medicine

• The United States is currently experiencing an opioid epidemic, which claims 115 lives daily by overdose.
• Tools for identifying patients at increased risk for abuse include: Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP-R) and Opioid Risk Tool (ORT).
• However, data is lacking for the comparison of the two most commonly used opioid screen tools (SOAPP-R and ORT).
• We are comparing the effectiveness of these screening tools for patients being discharged from the hospital who have no "red flags" for abuse.

Young, Kathleen Louise "Kay" (Fa 1327), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 1327. Student folk studies project titled “Ginseng: A Treasured Kentucky Herb That Goes to China” about the business of buying and selling ginseng in Grayson County, Kentucky and the growing and harvesting of ginseng in Simpson County, Kentucky. Photos include the growing stages of the ginseng plant, the harvesting process, and the informants.

Irisin Functions To Inhibit Malignant Growth Of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Via Downregulation Of The Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway., Deguo Zhang, Ping Zhang, Luan Li, Nan Tang, Fei Huang, Xianguo Kong, Xueying Tan, Guangjun Shi

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Introduction: Irisin is a newly identified cytokine that has gained increasing attention because of its potential therapeutic applications in metabolic diseases and human cancers. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that irisin plays an important role in the development and metastasis of various tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of irisin on malignant growth of pancreatic cancer cells.

Materials and methods: The anti-proliferative effect of irisin was examined using the CCK-8 assay. Irisin-induced apoptosis was determined by the annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay. The effects of irisin on cell migration and invasion were assessed using …

Insights Into The Hiv Latency And The Role Of Cytokines., Joseph Hokello, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Manjari Dimri, Mudit Tyagi

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has the ability to infect latently at the level of individual CD4+ cells. Latent HIV-1 proviruses are transcriptionally silent and immunologically inert, but are still capable of reactivating productive lytic infection following cellular activation. These latent viruses are the main obstacle in the eradication of HIV-1, because current HIV-1 treatment regimens are ineffective against them. Normal immunological response against an antigen activates CD4+ naïve T cells. The activated CD4+ naïve T cells undergo cell cycle, resulting in further transformation and profound proliferation to form effector CD4+ T-cells. Notably, in HIV-1 infected individuals, some of the effector …

Factors Leading To Meconium Aspiration Syndrome In Term- And Post-Term Neonates, Saroop Chand, Aamna Salman, Razia Mustafa Abbassi, Abdul Rehman Siyal, Fayaz Ahmed Memon, Abdul Lateef Leghari, Ashmal Sami Kabani, Sajid Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is considered a major cause of respiratory morbidity. It is a common issue encountered in the delivery room and newborn nursery. There is a need to identify the factors that lead to MAS to develop strategies to screen such patients at an early stage to decrease the mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the factors leading to MAS in neonates delivered at ≥37 weeks of gestational age.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through non-probability consecutive sampling technique at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad from August 2016 to February 2017. All …

Normal And Pathological Tau Uptake Mediated By M1/M3 Muscarinic Receptors Promotes Opposite Neuronal Changes, Viktoriya Morozova, Leah S. Cohen, Ali El-Hadi Makki, Alison Shur, Guillermo Pilar, Abdeslem El Idrissi, Alejandra D. Alonso

Publications and Research

The microtubule associated protein tau is mainly found in the cell’s cytosol but recently it was also shown in the extracellular space. In neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), pathological tau spreads from neuron to neuron enhancing neurodegeneration. Here, we show that HEK293 cells and neurons in culture uptake extracellular normal and pathological Tau. Muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine and pirenzepine block 80% this uptake. CHO cells do not express these receptors therefore cannot uptake tau, unless transfected with M1 and/or M3 receptor. These results strongly suggest that muscarinic receptors mediate this process. Uptake of normal tau in neurons enhances neuronal …

Translation And Validation Of The Hplp-Ii From English To Armenian, Zoya Minasyan, Leslie C. Hussey

Journal of Excellence in Nursing and Healthcare Practice

As the focus of healthcare shifts toward the social determinants of health, more information about health disparities between different ethnic communities is needed. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) is an instrument that measures health promotion behavior across various cultural lines. This article describes the translation and validation of the HPLP-II from English to Armenian for the purpose of studying health promotion behavior among the hypertensive and normotensive Armenian American population and addressing health disparities among this community. Translating the HPLP-II required a multistep process to capture cultural linguistic adjustment. First, the researcher, a local bilingual professor, and a …

Global Higher Education: Challenges And Opportunities, Simon Marginson

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Tu Dublin- Ireland's First Technological University: A New Approach To Higher Education, David Fitzpatrick

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Chemical Epitope Targeting: Review Of A Novel Screening Technology, Qurrat Ul-Ain, Rene Kandler, Dylan Gillespie, Arundhati Nag

Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark (SURJ)

Chemical Epitope Targeting is a novel technology developed for designing peptide ligands with high affinity and specificity against specific regions of a protein that may be inaccessible to small molecules or antibodies. In this review, we summarize the key steps and significant applications of this technology. Operating on the same principles as antibody-antigen interactions, this technique involves chemically synthesizing the region of interest on the protein, called the epitope, as a polypeptide with a biotin detection tag and a strategically placed alkyne or azide presenting amino acid. The constructed epitope is screened against a comprehensive linear or cyclic One Bead …

Geriatric Hepatology: The Hepatic Diseases Of The Elderly And Liver Transplant, Shima Ghavimi, Hamed Azimi, Neel Patel, Oleg Shulik

Internal Medicine

Introduction: With the aging US population, chronic liver diseases are becoming more commonly diagnosed in the geriatric population. Advanced age leads to changes in liver blood flow, volume, morphology and normal physiology. This predisposes elderly patients to develop certain chronic liver diseases. Also, the clinical course and management differ in an older patient when compared to a younger patient. Some causes of chronic liver disease in the geriatric population include Hepatitis A, B, C, Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease, prolonged alcohol use and inflammation. Many chronic liver diseases are characterized by a slow, indolent course of progression with non-specific symptoms and …

Effect Of Aquatic Exercise On Fatigue, Fitness, Arm Edema, Levels Of Distress, And Quality Of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors, Ellen Broach, Phillip Norrell

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a recreational therapy aquatic intervention on physical and psychosocial performance of breast cancer survivors. Eligible participants were assigned to either a water exercise group or a control group who received standard care treatment for breast cancer. The intervention group attended aquatic exercise sessions three times per week for eight weeks in a heated outdoor pool. Sessions lasted 50 minutes in duration. The aquatic exercise group significantly improved their endurance, body mass, level of distress, and total score for fatigue. No significant differences occurred in the control group. Social validity …

Effects Of 6 Months Of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation On Autonomic Function And Neuro-Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity In Coronary Artery Disease Patients, Mark B. Badrov, Katelyn N. Wood, Sophie Lalande, Carolyn P. Sawicki, Lindsay J. Borrell, Carly C. Barron, Jennifer L. Vording, Arlene Fleischhauer, Neville Suskin, Cheri L. Mcgowan, J. Kevin Shoemaker

Bone and Joint Institute

Background Autonomic dysregulation represents a hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on autonomic function and neuro-cardiovascular stress reactivity in CAD patients. Methods and Results Twenty-two CAD patients (4 women; 62±8 years) were studied before and following 6 months of aerobic- and resistance-training-based CR. Twenty-two similarly aged, healthy individuals (CTRL; 7 women; 62±11 years) served as controls. We measured blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, heart rate variability (linear and nonlinear), and cardiovagal (sequence method) and sympathetic (linear relationship between burst incidence and diastolic blood pressure) baroreflex sensitivity during …

Management And Outcomes Of Gastrointestinal Congenital Anomalies In Low, Middle And High Income Countries: Protocol For A Multicentre, International, Prospective Cohort Study, Naomi Jane Wright, Andrew Leather, Nick Sevdalis, Niyi Ade-Ajayi, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Justine Davies, Kokila Lakhoo, Samuel Parker, Muhammad Arshad

Section of Paediatric Surgery

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of death in children globally, contributing an estimated half a million deaths per year. Very limited literature exists from low and middle income countries (LMICs) where most of these deaths occur. The Global PaedSurg Research Collaboration aims to undertake the first multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of a selection of common congenital anomalies comparing management and outcomes between low, middle and high income countries (HICs) globally.
Methods and Analysis: The Global PaedSurg Research Collaboration consists of surgeons, paediatricians, anaesthetists and allied healthcare professionals involved in the surgical care of children globally. Collaborators …

Preliminary Observations On Soluble Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 As A Prognostic And Predictive Biomarker In Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Patient-Specific Autologous Vaccines., Robert O Dillman, Gabriel I Nistor, Bryce T Mclelland, Candace Hsieh, Aleksandra J Poole, Andrew N Cornforth, Hans S Keirstead

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Because of its role as an immune checkpoint, levels of soluble programmed cell death protein-1 (sPD-1) could be useful as a prognostic biomarker or predictive biomarker in cancer patients treated with vaccines. Very low levels of sPD-1 may indicate lack of an existing anti-cancer immune response; very high levels may indicate an active immune response that is suppressed. In between these extremes, a decrease in PD-1 following injections of an anti-cancer vaccine may indicate an enhanced immune response that has not been suppressed. Blood samples obtained during a randomized trial in patients with metastatic melanoma were tested from 22 patients …

Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine With Reduced Β Oxidation To Activate Th17 Inflammation In Human Type 2 Diabetes, Dequina A. Nicholas, Elizabeth A. Proctor, Madhur Agrawal, Anna C. Belkina, James M. Van Nostrand, Leena Panneerseelan-Bharath, Albert R. Jones Iv, Forum Raval, Blanche C. Ip, Min Zhu, Jose M. Cacicedo, Chloe Habib, Nestor Sanez-Rueda, Leah Persky, Patrick G. Sullivan, Barbara E. Corkey, Caroline M. Apovian, Philip A. Kern, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for …