Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tct-142 Clinical Characteristics And Outcomes Of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Sts Prom Of ≤3%, Jackson King, Morgan Black, Ruyun Jin, Gary Grunkemeier, Brydan Curtis, Robert W. Hodson, Michael Ring

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the preferred treatment for most patients with aortic stenosis deemed at intermediate or higher risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Determination of the risk of SAVR is mainly based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk calculator. However, federal regulations permit the heart team latitude to offer TAVR for patients with ≤3% predicted risk of mortality (PROM) whose perceived risk is not adequately accounted for by the STS risk model. Limited data is available on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients

Methods

The study group involved 2,539 patients who …

The Effects Of Opioids On Kentucky's Workforce, Michael W. Clark, Jenny A. Minier, Charles J. Courtemanche, Bethany L. Paris, Michael T. Childress

CBER Research Report

From the executive summary:

Opioid abuse represents a significant and growing public health issue for both the nation and Kentucky. In 2016, opioids contributed to more than 62,000 deaths nationally and 1,406 deaths in Kentucky. National studies have placed the societal costs of opioid abuse at $55.7 billion in 2007 and $78.5 billion in 2013 (Birbaum et al. (2011) and Florence et al. (2016)). These costs included increased health care expenditures, higher criminal justice costs, and lost earnings due to reduced employment and premature deaths. The While House Council of Economic Advisors (2017) estimated the societal costs of opioid abuse …

Coccidioidomycosis: Medical And Spatio-Temporal Perspectives, Nikias Sarafoglou, Rafael Laniado-Laborin, Menas Kafatos

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a disease of major public health importance due to the challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. To understand CM requires the attributes of a multidisciplinary network analysis to appreciate the complexity of the medical, the environmental and the social issues involved: public health, public policy, geology, atmospheric science, agronomy, social sciences and finally humanities, all which provide insight into this population transformation.

In section 1 of this paper, we describe the CM-epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and finally the treatment.

In section 2, we highlight the most important contributions and controversies in the history of the …

Targeting Transcription Factor Tcf4 By Γ-Mangostin, A Natural Xanthone., Balaji Krishnamachary, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Prasad Dandawate, Sivapriya Ponnurangam, Pugazhendhi Srinivasan, Prabhu Ramamoorthy, Shahid Umar, Sufi Mary Thomas, Animesh Dhar, Seth Septer, Scott J. Weir, Thomas M. Attard, Shrikant Anant

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Given that colon cancer is the third most common cancer in incidence and cause of death in the United States, and current treatment modalities are insufficient, there is a need to develop novel agents. Towards this, here we focus on γ-Mangostin, a bioactive compound present in the Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit. γ-Mangostin suppressed proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines. Further, γ-Mangostin inhibited colonosphere formation. Molecular docking and CETSA (Cellular thermal shift assay) binding assays demonstrated that γ-Mangostin interacts with transcription factor TCF4 (T-Cell Factor 4) at the β-catenin …

Systems Approach To Evaluating Mih-Cp (Mobile Integrated Healthcare – Community Paramedicine): A Case Study Of East Baton Rouge Parish (Ebrp) Emergency Medical Services (Ems) Community Paramedicine Program Initiative, Oluwakemi Aiyedun

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study applied a holistic method of healthcare program assessment, known as systems approach, to evaluate the efficacy of the East Baton Rouge Parish (EBRP) EMS Community-integrated Health Program (CIHP). The author developed assessment metrics following the Quadruple Aim Framework: IHI (Institute for Healthcare Improvement) Triple Aim + Provider Experience.

Results showed that the CP program in this study delivers high ratings on patient experience and provided a 51% return on investment (ROI) through reduced emergency service utilization, ED visits and inpatient hospital admissions. However, findings did not demonstrate meaningful improvement in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and self-efficacy …

Comparing Record Linkage Software Programs And Algorithms Using Real-World Data., Alan F. Karr, Matthew T. Taylor, Suzanne L. West, Soko Setoguchi, Tzuyung D. Kou, Tobias Gerhard, Daniel B. Horton

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Linkage of medical databases, including insurer claims and electronic health records (EHRs), is increasingly common. However, few studies have investigated the behavior and output of linkage software. To determine how linkage quality is affected by different algorithms, blocking variables, methods for string matching and weight determination, and decision rules, we compared the performance of 4 nonproprietary linkage software packages linking patient identifiers from noninteroperable inpatient and outpatient EHRs. We linked datasets using first and last name, gender, and date of birth (DOB). We evaluated DOB and year of birth (YOB) as blocking variables and used exact and inexact matching methods. …

Cellular Distribution Of The Prion Protein In Palatine Tonsils Of Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) And Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni), Matthew M. Hille, Jean E. Jewell, E. Lee Belden

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects members of the Cervidae family, including deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus Canadensis spp.), and moose (Alces alces spp.). While CWD is a neurodegenerative disease, lymphoid accumulation of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) is detectable early in the course of infection. It has been shown that a large portion of the PrPSc lymphoid accumulation in infected mule deer takes place on the surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). In mice, FDC expression of PrPC has been shown to be essential for PrPSc accumulation. …

West Nile Virus: An Old Tale, New Mystery, Seetha Venkateswaran, Patricia Gilford

Family Medicine

• West Nile Virus (WNV), belongs to the Flavivirus family, is considered an endemic disease in many states including Florida.
• In the last decade, the virus has been prominently reported in the Southern and Midwest States.
• The disease is most prevalent during the summer to fall month periods due to elevated temperatures leading to enhanced vector transmission.
• WNV is acquired via the bite of an infected mosquito particularly the Culex species, and is considered as the vector for the disease.
• Equines and humans are incidental hosts of WNV and disease transmission from these sources are rare. There are various human risk …

Implementing A Clinical Research Program In Long Term Care Facilities: Experiences From The University Of Louisville Center Excellence For Research In Infectious Diseases [Cerid], Ruth Carrico, Dawn Balcom, Kuldeep Ghosh, Bilal Abaid, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Bibodh Jung Karki, Simra Kiran, Stephen Furmanek, Senen Pena, Julio A. Ramirez

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Background: According to the US Census Bureau International Report, in 2015, almost nine percent of the world’s population was aged 65 and over. As the worldwide population ages, there is a need to understand how to best care for those individuals. Developing clinical research programs focusing on long term care (LTC) will be critical to defining best practice.

Objectives: The objectives of this manuscript are to: 1) outline the challenges identified in performing clinical research in long term care facilities (LTCF), and 2) offer solutions for future clinical research in the LTC environment based upon our experiences.

Methods: A research …

What's Happening: September 23, 2019, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Publisher Correction: Shared Heritability And Functional Enrichment Across Six Solid Cancers., Xia Jiang, Hilary K Finucane, Fredrick R Schumacher, Stephanie L Schmit, Jonathan P Tyrer, Younghun Han, Kyriaki Michailidou, Corina Lesseur, Karoline B Kuchenbaecker, Joe Dennis, David V Conti, Graham Casey, Mia M Gaudet, Jeroen R Huyghe, Demetrius Albanes, Melinda C Aldrich, Angeline S Andrew, Irene L Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Antonis C Antoniou, Natalia N Antonenkova, Susanne M Arnold, Kristan J Aronson, Banu K Arun, Elisa V Bandera, Rosa B Barkardottir, Daniel R Barnes, Jyotsna Batra, Matthias W Beckmann, Javier Benitez, Sara Benlloch, Andrew Berchuck, Sonja I Berndt, Heike Bickeböller, Stephanie A Bien, Carl Blomqvist, Stefania Boccia, Natalia V Bogdanova, Stig E Bojesen, Manjeet K Bolla, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, James D Brenton, Mark N Brook, Joan Brunet, Hans Brunnström, Daniel D Buchanan, Barbara Burwinkel, Ralf Butzow, Gabriella Cadoni, Trinidad Caldés, Maria A Caligo, Ian Campbell, Peter T Campbell, Géraldine Cancel-Tassin, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Daniele Campa, Neil Caporaso, André L Carvalho, Andrew T Chan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Stephen J Chanock, Chu Chen, David C Christiani, Kathleen B M Claes, Frank Claessens, Judith Clements, J Margriet Collée, Marcia Cruz Correa, Fergus J Couch, Angela Cox, Julie M Cunningham, Cezary Cybulski, Kamila Czene, Mary B Daly, Anna Defazio, Peter Devilee, Orland Diez, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Jenny L Donovan, Thilo Dörk, Eric J Duell, Alison M Dunning, Miriam Dwek, Diana M Eccles, Christopher K Edlund, Digna R Velez Edwards, Carolina Ellberg, D Gareth Evans, Peter A Fasching, Robert L Ferris, Triantafillos Liloglou, Jane C Figueiredo, Olivia Fletcher, Renée T Fortner, Florentia Fostira, Silvia Franceschi, Eitan Friedman, Steven J Gallinger, Patricia A Ganz, Judy Garber, José A García-Sáenz, Simon A Gayther, Graham G Giles, Andrew K Godwin, Mark S Goldberg, David E Goldgar, Ellen L Goode, Marc T Goodman, Gary E Goodman, Kjell Grankvist, Mark H Greene, Henrik Gronberg, Jacek Gronwald, Pascal Guénel, Niclas Håkansson, Per Hall, Ute Hamann, Freddie C Hamdy, Robert J Hamilton, Jochen Hampe, Aage Haugen, Florian Heitz, Rolando Herrero, Peter Hillemanns, Michael Hoffmeister, Estrid Høgdall, Yun-Chul Hong, John L Hopper, Richard Houlston, Peter J Hulick, David J Hunter, David G Huntsman, Gregory Idos, Evgeny N Imyanitov, Sue Ann Ingles, Claudine Isaacs, Anna Jakubowska, Paul James, Mark A Jenkins, Mattias Johansson, Mikael Johansson, Esther M John, Amit D Joshi, Radka Kaneva, Beth Y Karlan, Linda E Kelemen, Tabea Kühl, Kay-Tee Khaw, Elza Khusnutdinova, Adam S Kibel, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Jeri Kim, Susanne K Kjaer, Julia A Knight, Manolis Kogevinas, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Stella Koutros, Vessela N Kristensen, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, Martin Lacko, Stephan Lam, Diether Lambrechts, Maria Teresa Landi, Philip Lazarus, Nhu D Le, Eunjung Lee, Flavio Lejbkowicz, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Goska Leslie, Davor Lessel, Jenny Lester, Douglas A Levine, Li Li, Christopher I Li, Annika Lindblom, Noralane M Lindor, Geoffrey Liu, Fotios Loupakis, Jan Lubiński, Lovise Maehle, Christiane Maier, Arto Mannermaa, Loic Le Marchand, Sara Margolin, Taymaa May, Lesley Mcguffog, Alfons Meindl, Pooja Middha, Austin Miller, Roger L Milne, Robert J Macinnis, Francesmary Modugno, Marco Montagna, Victor Moreno, Kirsten B Moysich, Lorelei Mucci, Kenneth Muir, Anna Marie Mulligan, Katherine L Nathanson, David E Neal, Andrew R Ness, Susan L Neuhausen, Heli Nevanlinna, Polly A Newcomb, Lisa F Newcomb, Finn Cilius Nielsen, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Børge G Nordestgaard, Robert L Nussbaum, Kenneth Offit, Edith Olah, Ali Amin Al Olama, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Andrew F Olshan, Håkan Olsson, Ana Osorio, Hardev Pandha, Jong Y Park, Nora Pashayan, Michael T Parsons, Tanja Pejovic, Kathryn L Penney, Wilbert H M Peters, Catherine M Phelan, Amanda I Phipps, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Miranda Pring, Darya Prokofyeva, Paolo Radice, Kari Stefansson, Susan J Ramus, Leon Raskin, Gad Rennert, Hedy S Rennert, Elizabeth J Van Rensburg, Marjorie J Riggan, Harvey A Risch, Angela Risch, Monique J Roobol, Barry S Rosenstein, Mary Anne Rossing, Kim De Ruyck, Emmanouil Saloustros, Dale P Sandler, Elinor J Sawyer, Matthew B Schabath, Johanna Schleutker, Marjanka K Schmidt, V Wendy Setiawan, Hongbing Shen, Erin M Siegel, Weiva Sieh, Christian F Singer, Martha L Slattery, Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen, Melissa C Southey, Amanda B Spurdle, Janet L Stanford, Victoria L Stevens, Sebastian Stintzing, Jennifer Stone, Karin Sundfeldt, Rebecca Sutphen, Anthony J Swerdlow, Eloiza H Tajara, Catherine M Tangen, Adonina Tardon, Jack A Taylor, M Dawn Teare, Manuel R Teixeira, Mary Beth Terry, Kathryn L Terry, Stephen N Thibodeau, Mads Thomassen, Line Bjørge, Marc Tischkowitz, Amanda E Toland, Diana Torres, Paul A Townsend, Ruth C Travis, Nadine Tung, Shelley S Tworoger, Cornelia M Ulrich, Nawaid Usmani, Celine M Vachon, Els Van Nieuwenhuysen, Ana Vega, Miguel Elías Aguado-Barrera, Qin Wang, Penelope M Webb, Clarice R Weinberg, Stephanie Weinstein, Mark C Weissler, Jeffrey N Weitzel, Catharine M L West, Emily White, Alice S Whittemore, H-Erich Wichmann, Fredrik Wiklund, Robert Winqvist, Alicja Wolk, Penella Woll, Michael Woods, Anna H Wu, Xifeng Wu, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Wei Zheng, Shanbeh Zienolddiny, Argyrios Ziogas, Kristin K Zorn, Jacqueline M Lane, Richa Saxena, Duncan Thomas, Rayjean J Hung, Brenda Diergaarde, James Mckay, Ulrike Peters, Li Hsu, Montserrat García-Closas, Rosalind A Eeles, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Paul J Brennan, Christopher A Haiman, Jacques Simard, Douglas F Easton, Stephen B Gruber, Paul D P Pharoah, Alkes L Price, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Christopher I Amos, Peter Kraft, Sara Lindström

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Week Of September 23, 2019, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Celebrates Founders, Raises Funds for Student Scholarship
• HSL Hosts Images of Nursing History Presentation

Conflict Between Religious Beliefs And Sexuality: An Autoethnography, Carlos E. Gerena

The Qualitative Report

Despite the shift in attitudes in religious institutions toward homosexuals in the United States, there are some religions that continue to view same-sex behavior as a deviant and damning sin. For many, religious beliefs and values provide meaning and impact personal identity. Using autoethnography, I will explicate my own experiences with religious institutions and the ongoing conflict between religious beliefs and sexuality. I will discuss messages received from the Pentecostal church, family, and Latino community, and how these messages influenced my human development and emotional well-being. I show that internalization of the principles taught by the Pentecostal Church triggered a …

Conceptualization Of A Parasympathetic Endocrine System., Jonathan Gorky, James Schwaber

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

We here propose a parasympathetic endocrine system (PES) comprised of circulating peptides released from secretory cells in the gut, significantly modulated by vagal projections from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). While most of these gut peptides mediate well-described satiety and digestive effects that increase parasympathetic control of digestion (Lee et al., 1994; Gutzwiller et al., 1999; Klok et al., 2007), they also have actions that are far-reaching and increase parasympathetic signaling broadly throughout the body. The actions beyond satiety that peptides like somatostatin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and vasoactive intestinal peptide have been well-examined, but not in …

Investigating The Knowledge Surrounding Folate And Folic Acid In A Cohort Of Vegetarians, Michael Dolan, Katherine Younger, Lucy Brennan, Jessica Roche

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background
The aim is to identify any gaps in the knowledge of folate and folic acid in vegetarians, which is of interest given the increasing adoption of vegetarian type diets.

Methods
In this convenience sample, 106 people answered an online questionnaire regarding folate intake and awareness among vegetarians. This was created using Google Forms and was shared via Facebook, including on various national and college vegetarian group pages. There were 44 questions. Twenty-four participants were excluded, because they reported eating fish, chicken or other meat. Final data analysis included 82 subjects. The majority of these vegetarians were females over the …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter, September 22, 2019, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the September 22, 2019 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

Concussion Awareness Program aims to change the sports game

Keel to discuss prostate health at October Med School Café

Register Now: Southern Structural Biology Symposium set for Oct. 11

Second-year medical student completes surgery research, wins research award

Student-Run Free Clinic wins grant from CVS Health Foundation

Health Professionals' Experiences And Views On Obstetric Ultrasound In Vietnam: A Regional, Cross-Sectional Study, Sophia Holmlund, Pham Thi Lan, Kristina Edvardsson, Ho Dang Phuc, Joseph Ntaganira, Rhonda Small, Hussein Kidanto, Matilda Ngarina, Ingrid Mogren

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: Obstetric ultrasound is an important part of antenatal care in Vietnam, although there are great differences in access to antenatal care and ultrasound services across the country. The aim of this study was to explore Vietnamese health professionals' experiences and views of obstetric ultrasound in relation to clinical management, resources and skills.

Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed as part of the CROss Country UltraSound study.

Setting: Health facilities (n=29) in urban, semiurban and rural areas of Hanoi region in Vietnam.

Participants: Participants were 289 obstetricians/gynaecologists and 535 midwives.

Results: A majority (88%) …

C57bl/6 Substrain Differences In Pharmacological Effects After Acute And Repeated Nicotine Administration., Lois S Akinola, Bryan Mckiver, Wisam Toma, Andy Z X Zhu, Rachel F Tyndale, Vivek Kumar, M Imad Damaj

Faculty Research 2019

Tobacco smoking is the major cause of disability and death in the United States and around the world. In addition, tobacco dependence and addiction express themselves as complex behaviors involving an interplay of genetics, environment, and psychological state. Mouse genetic studies could potentially elucidate the novel genes and/or gene networks regulating various aspects of nicotine dependence. Using the closely related C57BL/6 (B6) mice substrains, recent reports have noted phenotypic differences within C57BL/6J (B6J) and C57BL/6N (B6N) mice for some drugs of abuse: alcohol, opiates, and cocaine. However, the differences in nicotine's effects have not yet been described in these substrains. …

An Unusual Case Of Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary To Calcium Carbonate Use, Selsabeel Elyaman, Uma Gudur Md, Hady Khalifa, Alan Hamza, Andrew Seevaratnam Md

Gastroenterology

A Gastric Bezoar is defined as an accumulation of indigestible foreign material found in an individual’s GI tract. The incidence of gastric bezoar is 0.3% as reported by endoscopy studies. These formations usually consist of insoluble vegetable matter (phytobezoars), hair (trichobezoars), or medications (pharmacobezoar). In general, they can be asymptomatic for many years or cause nonspecific symptoms including abdominal pain, early satiety, and weight loss. However, in recent years, these have become increasingly problematic for the general population attributing to a variety of GI disturbances. We are reporting a case which revolves around a female patient with no history of …

Medical Marijuana Policy Reform Reaches Florida: A Scoping Review, Khadesia Howell, Alexandria Washington, Paula M. Williams, Arlesia L. Mathis, John S. Luque

Florida Public Health Review

Background: Florida became the first state in the U.S. South to legalize the use of medical marijuana to treat a variety of health conditions including chronic pain, epilepsy, and spasticity symptoms from multiple sclerosis. While there are over 200,000 medical marijuana patients in Florida, there remain financial, psychological, and insurance coverage barriers which reduce access for many patients. Purpose: This scoping review, with a focus on state health policy, first describes some clinical studies examining the therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana. Next, there is a discussion of the Florida regulatory environment and major legislation. Also, the review describes how the …

Nivolumab Induced Myasthenia Gravis, Elizabeth Henderson Md, Imad Ikhawn Md, Dharti R. Patel Md, Monicka Felix

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In A Traveler: A Case Report, Sarah Al-Obaydi Md, Nemer Dabage Md, James Demaio Md

Internal Medicine

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne infection transmitted by sandflies, is endemic throughout the Mediterranean basin and the tropics. We present a case diagnosed in Florida after overseas travel.

Don’T Be Blind To The Diagnosis: An Intriguing Case Of Monocular Blindness, Kourtney Erickson Do, Kaitlyn L. Buzard Do, Daniel Tseytlin Do, Carolyn Casey Do, Eugene Alexandrin Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Nitrofurantoin Induced Lung Toxicity: A Rare Adverse Effect, Farrah Chilet Md, Nour Tlimat Md, Salman Muddassir Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Mediated Hypercalcemia As An Initial Presentation In A Patient With Undiagnosed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, Ranjit Banwait Md, Jawad Noor Md, Jing He Md, Xiaolong Liu Md, Liang Sun Md

Internal Medicine

In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the findings of hypercalcemia as an initial presentation is extremely rare (<3% of cases). Here we report a 67 year-old man who presented with ST changes secondary to hypercalcemia in the setting of B-cell lymphoma.

Felty's Syndrome: Triad Not Always Evident, Pablo G. Dubon Md, Frederick Lim Md, Shfali Bhandari Md, Sukhmani Chauhan Md, Puja Solanki Md, Luis Silva Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Anxiety Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Rare Occurrence, Anum Akhlaq Md, Neda Shahoori, Alexandra Mary Kelada, Aftab Ahmad

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Danielle Kocsis, Anthony Dupuy, Stacey Wice, Aftab Ahmad, Tehmina Yaquibi

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy As The Initial Presentation Of Sarcoidosis: A Case Report Of A Rare Manifestation, Melanie Rojas, Lakshpaul Chauhan Md, Arshad M. Iqbal Md, Sadia Tufail, Nikolay Mitzov

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Trauma-Informed School Practices: Building Expertise To Transform Schools, Anna A. Berardi Phd., Brenda Morton, Edd.

Open Textbooks

This textbook represents the combined insight and experience of Morton, a k12 educator, and Berardi, a psychotherapist, both of whom are also university educators with extensive work experience serving districts and their teachers seeking to incorporate trauma-informed principles into their school culture and classroom. The authors identify that the field of education is now ready to deepen its level of response to the paradigm shift created by advances in neuroscience and traumatology. Hence, the primary focus is on identifying and applying trauma-informed educator competencies needed to transform districts, schools, educators, classrooms, and the field of education itself, while also including …