Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

An Image Of Perfection

AWE (A Woman’s Experience)

No abstract provided.

La Posible Consolación De La Música, Antoni Pizà

Publications and Research

Resumen:

La música, y por extensión el arte en general, no ofrece remedios terapéuticos adecuados frente al dolor provocado por situaciones de desespero personal. Sin embargo, esto no ha evitado que muchos oyentes y músicos profesionales intentaran usar la música como terapia. Este ensayo presenta una amplia muestra de composiciones, de J. S. Bach a Terry Riley, que se han usado como terapia de superación personal. Como puede preverse y a pesar de notables excepciones, el lenguaje de los clásicos, sobre todo si está basado en la armonía funcional, tiende a alcanzar esta misión mejor que las formas angulares e …

A Five-Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Study Of Burnout-Depression Overlap, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Jay Verkuilen

Publications and Research

Objective: It has been asserted that burnout—a condition ascribed to unresolvable job stress—should not be mistaken for a depressive syndrome. In this confirmatory factor analytic study, the validity of this assertion was examined.

Methods: Five samples of employed individuals, recruited in Switzerland and France, were mobilized for this study (N = 3,113). Burnout symptoms were assessed with the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)—General Survey, and the MBI for Educators. Depressive symptoms were measured with the PHQ‐9.

Results: In all five samples, the latent factors pertaining to burnout’s components correlated on average more highly with the latent Depression …

Recanalization Of The Chronically Occluded Internal Carotid Artery: Review Of The Literature., Mario Zanaty, Jorge A. Roa, Pascal Jabbour, Edgar A. Samaniego, David M. Hasan

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Introduction: We reviewed the literature on interventions for patients with medically refractory chronically occluded internal carotid artery (COICA) to assess the risks and/or benefits after recanalization via an endovascular technique (ET) or hybrid surgery (HS, i.e., ET plus carotid endarterectomy).

Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases was performed. Patients with COICA were classified into 4 different categories according to Hasan et al classification.

Results: Eighteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Only 6 studies involved an HS procedure. We identified 389 patients with COICA who underwent ET or HS; 91% were males. The overall perioperative complication rate was 10.1% …

Early Surgery For Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Where Are We Now?, Jefferson R. Wilson, Christopher D. Witiw, Jetan Badhiwala, Brian K. Kwon, Michael G. Fehlings, James Harrop

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Study Design: Narrative review.

Objective: There is a strong biological rationale to perform early decompression after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). With an enlarging clinical evidence base, most spine surgeons internationally now favor early decompression for the majority of SCI patients; however, a number of pertinent questions remain surrounding this therapy.

Methods: A narrative review evaluating the status of early surgery for SCI. In particular, we addressed the following questions: (1) Which patients stand to benefit most from early surgery? 2) What is the most appropriate time threshold defining early surgery?

Results: Although heterogeneity exists, the evidence generally seems to …

Minimizing Blood Loss In Spine Surgery., Christopher Mikhail, Zach Pennington, Paul M Arnold, Darrel S Brodke, Jens R Chapman, Norman Chutkan, Michael D Daubs, John G Devine, Michael G Fehlings, Daniel E Gelb, George M Ghobrial, James S Harrop, Christian Hoelscher, Fan Jiang, John J Knightly, Brian K Kwon, Thomas E Mroz, Ahmad Nassr, K Daniel Riew, Lali H Sekhon, Justin S Smith, Vincent C Traynelis, Jeffrey C Wang, Michael H Weber, Jefferson R Wilson, Christopher D Witiw, Daniel M Sciubba, Samuel K Cho

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Study Design: Broad narrative review.

Objective: To review and summarize the current literature on guidelines, outcomes, techniques and indications surrounding multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Methods: A thorough review of peer-reviewed literature was performed on the guidelines, outcomes, techniques, and indications for multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Results: There is a large body of literature that provides a consensus on guidelines regarding the appropriate timing of discontinuation of anticoagulation, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and herbal supplements prior to surgery. Additionally, there is a more heterogenous discussion the utility of preoperative autologous …

Implementation Of A Spine-Centered Care Pathway At A Regional Academic Spine Center., George M Ghobrial, Jefferson Wilson, Daniel Franco, Kristen Vogl, Alexander R Vaccaro, James S Harrop

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Objective: To describe the early implementation of an inpatient spinal surgery unit and measure the impact on cost and length of stay (LOS).

Methods: A retrospective case review was performed for frequent spine-related diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) cared for by a dedicated multidisciplinary team: combined anterior/posterior (AP) spinal fusion with major complicating or comorbid condition (MCC), combined (AP) spinal fusion with CC, combined (AP) spinal fusion without complicating or comorbid (CC)/MCC, cervical spinal fusion with MCC, cervical spinal fusion with CC, and cervical spinal fusion without CC/MCC. Four time periods were compared: historical control, initial pathway …

‘Coronated’ Consumption In The Viral Market, Soonkwan Hong

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The universal exposure to the virus has disrupted institutions, redefined values, and reshaped systems, including the market. Idling, uncertainty, and liquidity encapsulate the ever-precarious individual lives and the reflexive socio-politico-cultural changes. These conditions and consequences nonetheless create paradoxical opportunities in the viral market. The new meaning of connectivity that promotes high-viscosity relationships and high-visibility identities will transform the market to better acknowledge and support humans and the new sociality.

Leveraging Technology To Blend Large-Scale Epidemiologic Surveillance With Social And Behavioral Science Methods: Successes, Challenges, And Lessons Learned Implementing The Unite Longitudinal Cohort Study Of Hiv Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men In The United States, H. Jonathon Rendina, Ali J. Talan, Nicola F. Tavella, Jonathan Lopez Matos, Ruben H. Jimenez, S. Scott Jones, Brian Salfas, Drew Westmoreland

Publications and Research

The use of digital technologies to conduct large-scale research with limited interaction (i.e., no in-person contact) and objective endpoints (i.e., biological testing) has significant potential for the field of epidemiology, but limited research to date has been published on the successes and challenges of such approaches. We analyzed data from a cohort study of sexual minority men across the United States, collected using digital strategies during a 10-month period from 2017 to 2018. Overall, 113,874 individuals were screened, of whom 26,000 were invited to the study, 10,691 joined the study, and 7,957 completed all enrollment steps, including return of a …

Naming Convention, Interchangeability, And Patient Interest In Biosimilars, Mariana P. Socal, Jace B. Garrett, William B. Tayler, Ge Bai, Gerard F. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Although biosimilars may offer cost savings over their comparable biologics, use of biosimilars in the United States remains relatively low. This study investigates two barriers to uptake of biosimilars in the United States. First, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires that four-letter suffixes be added to the nonproprietary names of all biosimilars, as well as to the nonproprietary names of all biologics approved after March 2020. Second, biosimilars are not interchangeable with their reference biologic product at the pharmacy counter; a new prescription is needed for the biosimilar to be dispensed in place of the biologic. We conducted two …

Effects Of A Single Mutation In Chikungunya Virus Non-Structural Protein On Virus Infection In Aedes Albopictus And Mammalian Cell Lines, Yin Ling Jolene Fu

Student Works (2020-2029)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused large-scale epidemics of fever, rash and arthritis since 2004. This unprecedented re-emergence has been mainly associated with mutations in genes encoding structural envelope proteins, providing increased fitness in the secondary vector Aedes (Ae.) albopictus. In the 2008-2013 CHIKV outbreaks across Southeast Asia, an R82S mutation in non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) emerged early in Malaysia or Singapore and quickly became predominant. To determine whether this nsP4-R82S mutation provides a selective advantage in host cells which may have contributed to the epidemic, the fitness of infectious clone-derived CHIKV with nsP4- 82R and nsP4-82S were compared in Ae. …

Functional Significance Of Senescence And Autophagy In Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts From Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, May Leng Tan

Student Works (2020-2029)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy that arises from the epithelial cells within the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 355,000 new cases worldwide and is exceptionally prevalent in particular geographical areas such as Papua New Guinea, the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asian countries. Despite advances in surgical management and therapeutic approaches, the five-year survival rate of OSCC patients has not improved significantly over the past few decades. The mortality associated with OSCC is particularly high often due to late presentation, locoregional recurrence, distant metastases and the development of second primary tumours. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular …

Impacts Of Self-Perceived Malocclusion On The Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Young Adults In Malaysia, Mohd Tajudin Zawani

Student Works (2020-2029)

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, severity and extent of impacts of self-perceived malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) related to dental aesthetics among young Malaysian adults, to compare between those with and without self-perceived malocclusion and to investigate the influence of demographics on the outcome. Methods: Multi-stage random sampling method was used to recruit 589 subjects from tertiary institutions in Malaysia. Study instruments comprised the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (AC-IOTN) and Malaysian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDA) to measure selfperceived malocclusion and its impacts. Analyses included multifactorial ANOVA …

Anticancer Activity Of Ficus Deltoidea And Tualang Honey On Oral Cancer Cells: An In Vivo Study, Alkoshab May Ameen Saeed

Student Works (2020-2029)

The use of natural products have been gaining interest, notably in the area of cancer therapy and in this study, natural products rich in antioxidants such as Tualang Honey (Malaysian wild local honey) and Ficus deltoidea (Malaysian local herbal plant), were selected to assess their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activities on oral cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activities of Ficus deltoidea (FD) and Tualang Honey (TH) in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4-Nitroquinoline1-oxide (4NQO). A total of 70 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were distributed into ten groups (n=7 per group); …

Expression Of Ki-67, Fscni And Tnfrsf 12a In Histologically Non-Involved Mucosal Surgical Margins As Predictive Markers For Local Relapse In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Zainul Abidin Nur Fauziani

Student Works (2020-2029)

Introduction: The presence tumour-related genetic alterations in histologically noninvolved mucosal surgical margins was linked to development of local relapse in OSCC. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the association between expression of Ki67, FSCN1 and TNFRSF12A in histologically non-involved mucosal surgical margins of OSCC patients and local relapse. Materials and methods: The study involved a total of 34 OSCC cases including 15 cases of patients who had relapse within the 5 years followup period and 19 cases of patients who did not had relapse. Two-stage sampling was carried out to select the margins’ site, followed by the representative sections …

Clinicopathological Study Of Oral Lichen Planus And Oral Linchenoid Reaction, Gubod Eb Robson

Student Works (2020-2029)

Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mucosa of the oral cavity. Oral lichenoid reactions/ lesions share many clinical and histopathological features with oral lichen planus, and represent a response to extrinsic or causative factors (drugs, allergens). Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions/ lesions. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical and histopathological features of patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reaction/ lesions. This study also sought to investigate the association between …

Occupational Burnout Among Healthcare Professionals In Obstetrics And Gynecology Department Of A Public Hospital In Islamabad, Pakistan, Kashif Sabin

Student Works (2020-2029)

The general purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of burnout experienced by healthcare professionals working in obstetrics & gynaecology units in public hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan. Specifically, this research attempted to explore the contributing factors of burnout, by correlating the burnout scores of exhaustion and disengagement, with the sociodemographic variables. The main objectives of the study were: (i) to assess the levels of burnout as determined by the extent of exhaustion and disengagement among the study participants, and (ii) to compare the mean scores of exhaustion and disengagement among healthcare professionals based on different demographic characteristics: (a) …

Attitude Towards Patient Undergraduate Medical Students In The University Of Malaya, Jeevitha Rajasingam

Student Works (2020-2029)

In the last two decades, patient safety awareness has become one of the emerging themes. To prevent from doing harm to patients, safe medical practices should be implemented and followed strictly. Therefore, a basic understanding of human factor principles need to be instilled into all health care workers. Medical universities play a vital role in fostering patient safety attitudes of their students towards the importance of patient safety during their practise. However, the medical curricula still face challenges regarding the correct timing and appropriate methods of instruction in their understanding of their principles. Experiments have shown that patient safety classes …

Impact Of Learning Support Intervention On Preclinical Students' Conception Of Self-Regulated Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study Based On The Motivated Strategies For Learning Questionnaire, Kodiappan Radha

Student Works (2020-2029)

Self-regulated learning (SRL), which includes the ability to regulate motivational, cognitive and metacognitive strategies based on the contextual and task demand, is recognized as a critical element for lifelong learning. However, past literature indicate a deficit in undergraduate medical students’ capabilities to self-regulate their learning and shortcoming of implicit methods to develop students’ SRL in medical schools. Thus, the objectives of this research were to analyse (i) the baseline level of the preclinical students’ SRL and (ii) the impact of the learning support intervention on the students’ conception of SRL. These objectives were approached from the perspectives of the students’ …

Educational Needs Of Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients In Learning About Cancer: A Qualitative Study In The Malaysian Urban Setting, Munisamy Murallitharan

Student Works (2020-2029)

Patients with chronic diseases such as cancer are able to have better outcomes if they understand about all aspects of the disease, develop the correct attitude to manage themselves and their disease better; and engage in preventive practices that can help them prevent worsening of disease or recurrence. Patient education is an intervention that has proven to be effective in different settings for this. However in the Malaysian cancer setting, the educational needs of patients are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the educational needs of newly diagnosed cancer patients in learning about cancer …

Mixed Features Specifier In Mood Disorder: The Prevalence And Associated Factors, M. Paramannantha Veloo Tesini

Student Works (2020-2029)

Introduction: Mixed episode has been an unrelieved source of discussion in the field of psychiatry over the course of two decades as the DSM-IV criteria for both a depressive and manic episode had to be fulfilled to make this diagnosis. Nevertheless, in practice, this threshold was demonstrated to be too high. Therefore, the DSM-5 introduced a less stringent ‘specifier’ in which three symptoms of the opposite pole suffice thereby creating depression and mania with mixed features, respectively. Literatures points out that approximately 40% of patients have mixed episodes, but this figure may be much higher within the context of DSM-5. …

Psychometric Properties Of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Bsmas) In Malay Version, Kee Hui Romi Tiong

Student Works (2020-2029)

Background The percentage of internet users in Malaysia has recorded continuous increment annually, in which it increased from 76.9% in 2016 to 87.4% of users in 2018. The prevalent use of all sorts of social media platform and the convenient access to the internet regardless of time and place has massively enhance the potential of social media addiction. After many years of research, the researchers have yet to reach the consensus in identifying criteria to diagnose problematic attachment to social media. The aim of the study was to validate the Malay version of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), by …

Psychiatric Morbidity Among Orang Asli In Bukit Lanjan, Iberahim Muhammad Ilham

Student Works (2020-2029)

Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Orang Asli In Bukit Lanjan, Selangor, Malaysia Introduction Orang Asli, the indigenous people of peninsular Malaysia, are those peoples who were born among Orang Asli, lives according to their distinguished culture and beliefs, and spoke their native languages. Malaysia has evolved rapidly over the years in the socioeconomic development especially in the rural areas. More jungle areas are open up for land development scheme such as Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), housing projects, commercial farms and many more. Indigenous people are forced to face this rapid urbanization. The questions arise whether they are able to …

A Three Dimensional Age Estimation Using Cone Beam Ct In Malaysian Population, Asif Muhammad Khan

Student Works (2020-2029)

Forensic odontology plays a vital role in the age estimation and identification process during criminal investigations. Forensic science in the past have mainly employed two-dimensional (2D) radiographic assessment of developmental and physiological age related dental parameters for age estimation. However, 2D radiograph doesn’t represent the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structures. Rapidly evolving CBCT imaging modality can be effectively employed in forensic sciences to overcome the limitations of 2D imaging. The current study aimed to develop a novel method of dental age estimation using 3D surface area analyses of root apices of the developing permanent maxillary canines and mandibular third molars among …

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase (Ptgs2) And Defensin Beta 1 (Defb1) Genes In Malay Chronic Periodontitis Subjects, Jagender Singh Jasmin Kaur

Student Works (2020-2029)

The association of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with chronic periodontitis (CP) have been widely studied amongst different ethnic groups such as the Chinese and European population. Thus far, no study has been done on the Malay ethnic group. Hence, this study assessed the allele and genotype frequencies of PTGS2 and DEFB1 variants in subjects with CP and periodontally healthy individuals in Malaysian Malays. Samples of 78 Malay CP subjects and 62 periodontally healthy controls were obtained from Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobanking system (MPDBS) for this study. DNA samples were genotyped …

Preschool Children's Toothbrushing Behaviour And Association With Their Oral Health, Muhammad Khan Iqra

Student Works (2020-2029)

Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that has affected oral health of preschool children (4-6 years). Factors like dietary habit, socioeconomic status and oral conditions also affect oral health of preschool children. Despite intervention efforts, recent investigations reported high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and oral diseases among this age group across different populations. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relationship between toothbrushing behaviour and oral health status of preschool children to prevent oral diseases, hence improve their oral health. The aim of the current study was to evaluate toothbrushing behaviour of preschool children, assess their oral …

Identification Of Potential Biomarkers Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Integrated Proteomics And Glycoproteomics And Glycoproteomics Analyses, Yin Ling Wong

Student Works (2020-2029)

Oral cancer is one of the major health concerns worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained at approximately 50% over the past decades. Most OSCCs are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the delay in diagnosis, suggesting an imperative need in identifying reliable biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OSCC. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that are involved in the development and progression of OSCC using integrated proteomics and glycoproteomics analyses. Proteomics analysis was performed on serum samples of 10 patients with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), 40 …

Association Between Stigma, Psychological Distress, And Quality Of Life Among People Living With Hiv In Federal Territory Of Kuala Lumpur, Ibrahim Khairiah

Student Works (2020-2029)

Quality of life is an important component in the evaluation of the well-being of PLHIV. However, HIV stigma and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) continue to be a barrier to obtain a good quality of life among PLHIV globally. This study assesses the level of QOL, stigma and psychological distress among PLHIV in Kuala Lumpur by determining the association between QOL, stigma and psychological distress. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 305 PLHIV attendees of the infectious disease clinic in a teaching hospital, primary health clinic and three Community-Based Organisations (CBOs). The sampled respondents completed face to face interviews …

Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Accuracy And Utility Of A New Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Test In Malaysia, Zhuo Lin Chong

Student Works (2020-2029)

Dengue is an emerging arboviral disease endemic to many tropical countries including Malaysia. Due to its unspecific symptoms, dengue diagnosis can only be confirmed through diagnostic tests. Existing laboratory-based dengue diagnostics like enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is accurate in detecting dengue non-structural protein-1 (NS1), and anti-dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG); but is also more complicated and time-consuming. Commercially available dengue rapid immunochromatographic test (RIT) is efficient but less sensitive. A new dengue rapid diagnostic rest (RDT) using biosensors may be both efficient and accurate in diagnosing acute dengue. This study evaluated this new dengue NS1-based RDT and …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Tabacco Use Among Adolescents In Khartoum - Sudan, Mohammed Alshaikh Mohammed Othman

Student Works (2020-2029)

Globally, 25 million adolescents aged 13-15 years, smoke cigarettes while 13 million use smokeless tobacco. In 2014, 22.8% of adolescents had ever smoked cigarette in Sudan while current cigarette smokers were 4.5%; moreover, studies about shisha smoking and smokeless tobacco were limited in Sudan. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and to describe determinant factors associated with tobacco use. Descriptive school based cross-sectional study was conducted, and multistage random sampling was used to recruit participants from secondary schools in Khartoum State, Sudan. Self-administered questionnaire of Arabic version of Global Youth Tobacco …