Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. In Acute And Chronic Inflammation: Insights From Preclinical Studies, Angel Christella, Dzava P. F. Ismail, Eli Halimah

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Chronic inflammation is a major factor in various degenerative diseases. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often the main choice, but long-term side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation and nephrotoxicity limit their use. Therefore, natural alternatives such as Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) have attracted attention due to their bioactive compound contents with anti-inflammatory properties. This narrative review was conducted through a systematic search of articles from the last 10 years in PubMed and Scopus. Keywords used a combination of MeSH and free terms related to fenugreek and anti-inflammatory agents. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Patterns And Outcomes In Early-Stage Her2-Positive Breast Cancer, Inimfon Jackson, Xiudong Lei, Hui Zhao, Rashmi Murthy, Sharon H Giordano, Mariana Chavez-Macgregor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We examined neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) use, pathological complete response (pCR) and the association with overall survival (OS) among patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). Patients ≥18 years with stage I-III HER2-positive BC from 2010-2022 who had surgery and chemotherapy were identified. Of 195,023 patients treated with chemotherapy, 37.7% received NACT. NACT use increased from 18.6% in 2010 to 63.4% in 2022 (p <  0.001) and pCR rates rose from 21% to 47.6% (p <  0.001). Black patients were less likely to receive NACT (aOR = 0.96;95%CI 0.93-0.99) or achieve pCR (aOR = 0.86;95%CI 0.82-0.90) than White patients. pCR was associated with a reduction in the risk of death (aHR = 0.45;95%CI 0.42-0.48). 3-year OS increased from 91% in 2010 to 95% in 2019 for patients without a pCR (p <  0.001), and from 97% to 99% for patients with pCR (p = 0.002). Further research is needed to understand and address racial and ethnic disparities in treatment access and outcomes.

A Mouse Model Of Lipoatrophy Reveals Relationships Between Beige Fat Appearance And Female Fertility, Elizabeth S Anaya, William Dion, Pradip K Saha, Aaron R Cox, Evelyn De Groot, Avery A Ahmed, Jessica B Felix, Bokai Zhu, Stephanie A Pangas, Sean M Hartig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

White adipose tissue (WAT) performs vital metabolic and endocrine functions, but roles in female reproduction remain understudied and poorly understood. Here, we report that female mice experiencing progressive lipoatrophy after knockout of Ubc9 in adipocytes (Ubc9fKO) displayed disrupted estrous cycles, reduced ovarian reserve, and subfertility. During aging, female Ubc9fKO mice lose subcutaneous WAT more quickly than their male counterparts and weigh less than littermate controls. Subcutaneous WAT excised from female Ubc9fKO mice strongly enriched for thermogenesis genes generally associated with metabolic benefits. Female Ubc9fKO mice exhibited hypermetabolism and accumulated thermogenic, Uncoupling Protein 1-expressing beige fat cells in residual subcutaneous WAT …

Inhibitory Control, Attentional Bias, And Palatable Food Consumption In Adolescents: A Laboratory Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial., Carolina M. Bejarano, Adrian Ortega, Christopher C. Cushing

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Understanding relationships among inhibitory control, attentional bias to food cues, and food consumption in nonclinical adolescent samples can inform preventive efforts for disordered eating and associated health risks.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study conducted preliminary testing of an inhibitory control training intervention on attentional bias toward food cues, hedonic appetite, and food consumption, as well as examined inhibitory control's relationship with hedonic appetite, food consumption, binge eating, and cognitive restraint.

METHODS: Participants (N=43; mean age 15.1, SD 1.7 years; 31/43, 72% female) were randomized to a food cue-specific go/no go inhibitory control training intervention or control group, took part in …

Fgf13 Regulates Vgsc-Independent Cardiomyocyte Impulse Propagation Via Cx43 Trafficking, Lala Tanmoy Das, Mattia Malvezzi, Aravind R Gade, Maiko Matsui, Margaret Mckay, Eric Q Wei, Matea J Zelich, Keon Mazdisnian, Jared Kushner, Bi-Xing Chen, Isabella Distefano, Daniel Roybal, Lin Yang, Lisa Stoll, James C Lo, Marian Kalocsay, Fadi G Akar, Steven O Marx, Geoffrey S Pitt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: FHF (fibroblast growth factor homologous factor) variants associate with arrhythmias. Although FHFs are best characterized as regulators of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gating, recent studies suggest broader, non-VGSC-related functions, including regulation of Cx43 (connexin 43) gap junctions and hemichannels, mechanisms that have generally been understudied or disregarded.

Methods: We assessed cardiac conduction and cardiomyocyte action potentials in mice with constitutive cardiac-specific Fgf13 ablation (cFgf13KO) while targeting Cx43 gap junctions and hemichannels pharmacologically. We characterized FGF13 regulation of Cx43 abundance and subcellular distribution. With proximity labeling proteomics, we investigated novel candidate mechanisms underlying FGF13 regulation of Cx43. …

Optimization Of Guava Leaf Extract Cream Formulation Through Variations Of Xanthan Gum And Stearic Acid For Wound Cure In Rats, Ayudia Cipta Khairani, Mia Ariasti

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Cuts are among the most common skin injuries caused by sharp objects and can lead to infection if not properly treated. Natural ingredients such as guava leaves have been widely investigated for their wound-healing potential. Guava leaves contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which contribute to anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration processes. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties and wound-healing effectiveness of guava leaf ethanol extract cream with varying concentrations of xanthan gum and stearic acid as emulsifiers. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and formulated into four cream formulas …

Drug-Related Problems In Hemodialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study At X Hospital (January–May 2022), Muhammad Refki Abrari, Jatmiko Susilo

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia has increased from 2.0 ‰in 2013 to 3.8 ‰in 2018. The presence of complex comorbidities associated with CKD causes varied therapy regimens (poly-pharmacy), leading to an increased risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). To overcome these complications, dialysis is often used to remove metabolic waste and rebalance electrolytes to maintain life in patients experiencing rapid loss of kidney function. This study aims to evaluate drugs consumed as well as DRPs experienced by patients diagnosed with CKD undergoing hemodialysis at X Hospital from January to May 2022. The study procedures were carried out …

What Is The Hospital Pharmaceutical Care? Perceptions And Expectations Of Doctors In Interprofessional Collaboration In 2 Types Of Indonesia Hospitals, Anisyah Achmad, Savvy Augustin Tirta, Titi Annisa Bella, Ratna Kurnia Illahi, Bambang Sidharta, Valentina Yurina, Wara Rejeki

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Hospital Pharmaceutical Care (HPC) is the pharmacist’s direct responsibility to aim for patient safety and quality of life. HPC is a means of avoiding medication and human errors. Carrying out a HPC requires a good collaboration between doctors and pharmacists in treatment management. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between doctors’ perceptions and expectations of clinical pharmacists at HPC. This research is descriptive quantitative observational with a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected using purposive sampling (type A hospital) and total sampling (type C hospital) through interviews using perception and expectations questionnaires on doctors’ to pharmacists …

Β-Glucan As A Potential Modulator Of Tgf-Β Signaling And Emt-Driven Resistance In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Hanifa Dinda Hayati, Riezki Amalia, Gemilang Lara Utama, Dika Pramita Destiani

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, limiting the effectiveness of targeted therapies and making chemotherapy the primary treatment option. However, resistance to chemotherapy remains a major clinical challenge, often driven by dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. TGF-β plays a dual role in cancer, initially acting as a tumor suppressor but later promoting tumor progression through mechanisms such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and the establishment of cancer stemness. This review aims to explore the role of TGF-β signaling and EMT …

Yap-Induced Glycolysis Drives Fibroinflammation And Disrupts Fibroblast Fidelity, Chang-Ru Tsai, Lin Liu, Yi Zhao, Jong H Kim, Paulo Czarnewski, Rich Gang Li, Fansen Meng, Mingjie Zheng, Jeffrey Steimle, Xiaolei Zhao, Francisco Grisanti, Zheng Sun, Jun Wang, Md Abul Hassan Samee, Xiao Li, James F Martin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Separation of the pulmonic and systemic circulation is essential for terrestrial life, and mammals have evolved distinct cardiac chambers with specialized structures and functions. Transcriptomics profiling revealed cellular heterogeneity between heart chambers. However, the mechanisms underlying chamber-specific transcriptomic and metabolic differences-and their functional significance-remain poorly understood. The Hippo/YAP (yes-associated protein) pathway is a conserved signaling network that regulates diverse cellular processes. The Hippo kinases inhibit YAP in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) to restrict fibrosis and inflammation. Nonetheless, how YAP regulates the metabolic microenvironment during homeostasis and fibroinflammation remains unclear.

Methods: We investigated YAP and glycolysis activity in the 4 cardiac …

Synergistic Potential Of Sipuleucel-T In Enhancing Immunotherapy For Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Kavita Rawat, Varnika Punia, Parker Mathews, Sara Mccoy, Wilbur Song, Muhammad A Saeed, Russell K Pachynski

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinical trials of immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have largely been unsuccessful despite promising preclinical studies and proven efficacy in other solid tumors. These disappointing clinical outcomes have been attributed to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, a relative lack of infiltrating immune effector cells, and tumor-related and host-related factors, which collectively render prostate cancer a relatively immunologically "cold" tumor. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), an autologous cellular immunotherapy, induces an immune response targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase. It received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010, marking the first immunotherapy to show an overall survival benefit in patients with …

Patient-Centered Televisit For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Discharge Transitions: User-Centered Design Study, Joanna Abraham, Alicia Meng, Nicolas Caravelli, Leah Traeger, May Nguyen, Vineet Arora, Valerie G Press

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects approximately 16 million Americans and often results in avoidable readmissions due, in part, to medication errors and lack of education. Telehealth interventions can support medication reconciliation and inhaler education following hospital discharge for patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to design and prototype TELE-TOC (Telehealth Education: Leveraging Electronic Transitions of Care), a post-discharge, in-home, televisit intervention, and to map its workflow to ensure integration into the routine discharge care transition process for patients with COPD.

METHODS: A user-centered design approach across 3 phases was followed to develop and prototype TELE-TOC. Participants included …

Protein-Protein Interaction–Interfering Peptide Rescues Dysregulated Nmda Receptor Signaling, Robert E. Featherstone, Hongbin Li, Ameet S. Sengar, Karin E. Borgmann-Winter, Olya Melnychenko, Lindsey M. Crown, Ray L. Gifford, Felix Amirfathi, Anamika Banerjee, Aivi Tran, Krishna Parekh, Margaret Heller, Wenyu Zhang, Robert J. Gallop, Adam D. Marc, Pragya Komal, Michael W. Salter, Steven J. Siegel, Chang-Gyu Hahn

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

The complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric illnesses compels us to look beyond individual risk genes for therapeutic strategies and target the interactive dynamics and convergence of their protein products. A mechanistic substrate for convergence of synaptic neuropsychiatric risk genes are protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex. NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia is associated with hypoactivity of Src kinase, resulting from convergent alterations in PPIs of Src with its partners. Of these, the association of Src with PSD-95, which inhibits the activity of this kinase in the NMDAR complex, is known to be increased in schizophrenia. Here, …

Examining Social Determinants Of Health And The Impact On Hiv Outcomes In Black People In The United States, Triscia G. Martin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Black people are disproportionately affected by HIV as evidenced by poor clinical outcomes and mortality. Clinical outcomes may be potentiated by patient factors, compounded by social determinants of health. This cross-sectional study sought to examine the impact of social determinants of health on AIDS mortality in the United States. Deidentified HIV data from the CDC NCHHSTP Atlas Plus repository and CDC WONDER population data were utilized to examine the association of race, sex, transmission category and geography on AIDS mortality in 43 states during 2018 to 2022. AIDS mortality was further examined through the lens of HIV stigma and housing …

The Lived Experiences Of Mothers Of Children With Down Syndrome Using Teleot Services: A Phenomenological Study, Tumini Umukoro

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In response to the COVID-19 lockdown in the United States, therapy services for children with developmental delays transitioned to telehealth services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of mothers of children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) who received occupational therapy services through telehealth (teleOT) using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory was the framework used to address the research questions: RQ1: What are the lived experiences of mothers of children with DS regarding teleOT services? RQ2: How do mothers of children with DS perceive the benefits and challenges of telehealth OT services? …

An Assessment Of Cognitive Fatigue Among Emergency Medical Services (Ems) Professionals In The State Of Georgia, Charlotte L. Bush

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this dissertation was to delve into the urgent and pervasive issue of cognitive fatigue in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel, a critical yet often overlooked aspect of healthcare delivery. EMS personnel operate in high-stress, unpredictable environments, frequently working long hours and overnight shifts, which can lead to significant fatigue. This study aimed to identify the primary causes of cognitive fatigue in this population, examine its impact on decision-making abilities and patient care outcomes, and evaluate the effectiveness of current fatigue management strategies. The research employed a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative data …

G6pd Deficiency, Annette C. Osias Arredondo

Honors Capstones

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive enzyme disorder affecting over 400 million people worldwide.G6PD is essential for producing NADPH, which maintains reduced glutathione (GSH)—the RBC’s primary defense against oxidative damage. When G6PD activity is low, RBCs cannot neutralize oxidants, leading to hemoglobin oxidation, Heinz body formation, and subsequent bite cells and hemolysis. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to acute hemolytic crises, especially after exposure to oxidative triggers such as infections, certain drugs, or fava beans.

A Quality Improvement Project: Faculty Education On Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Principles, Ashley Mcdoulett

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

According to the literature, social injustices, inequities, and implicit bias influence health outcomes in marginalized populations. To eliminate health disparities, nurses should be prepared to provide care that addresses these issues, and faculty should be able to effectively integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles into the nursing curriculum. A literature review suggests the integration of DEI into nursing education is lacking, and by offering an educational session for faculty on best practices for curriculum incorporation, this project aimed to address that gap. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) model guided this project. RE-AIM emphasizes targeting a population to …

Asian College Students' Well-Being During A Period Of Rising Anti-Asian Sentiment, Kyuhan Choi, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu

Center for Policy Research

We use a large survey of students in U.S. colleges to study the distinct ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying anti-Asian rhetoric shaped the experiences of Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the pandemic led to Asian students experiencing more discrimination, feeling less safe during the day, and using fewer mental health services compared to White peers. The increase in discrimination and the perceived lower safety are concentrated among East and Southeast Asians, while South Asians were not affected. Despite these effects, we detect no relative deterioration in severe psychological distress or …

Comprehensive Analysis Platform To Understand, Remedy, And Eliminate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Capture Als): Study Protocol For A Canadian Multicenter, Multimodal, Longitudinal Observational Study, Natalie Saunders, Claire Magnussen, Hyungmo Kang, Mathieu Blais, Harpreet Bhinder, Gerald Pfeffer, Shelagh K. Genuis, Liziane Bouvier, Tanushka Anand, Tania M. Bubela

Office of the Provost

Background: The marked heterogeneity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) combined with a lack of biomarkers are key contributing factors to the lack of disease-modifying treatments. The Comprehensive Analysis Platform to Understand Remedy and Eliminate ALS (CAPTURE ALS) is a Canadian platform designed to create the most comprehensive picture of people living with ALS with the objective of facilitating ALS research initiatives worldwide.
Objectives: The main aims of CAPTURE ALS include: (1) to characterize ALS and healthy controls with biosamples and data in order to provide the most comprehensive picture of individuals living with ALS to date; (2) to create a …

Universal School Meal Policies And Perceived Stigma: Quantitative Evidence From Eight Us States, Dania Orta-Aleman, Monica D. Zuercher, Leah Chapman, Marlene B. Schwartz, Caitlin D. French, Anisha I. Patel, Lorrene D. Ritchie, Juliana Cohen, Wendi Gosliner

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Universal school meals (USMs) policies, which provide free meals to all students regardless of income, have the potential to improve child nutrition and reduce stigma. Quantitative evidence on the association between USM and stigma is limited.

Methods

Leveraging a natural policy variation in state‐level USM implementation, we surveyed 1066 middle and high school students from eight US states (four with USM, four without) during the 2022–2023 school year. Stigma was measured as self‐reported embarrassment about eating school lunch. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between USM, embarrassment, and lunch participation.

Results

Overall about one in nine …

Changing Trends In Paediatric Acute Respiratory Infections: Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Presenting To An Emergency Department In An Academic Tertiary Hospital In Oman, Awatif K Alsarrai Al-Alawi, Aalia Adnan Alwahshi, Darpanarayan Hazra, Usama Al Khalasi, Amal Al-Shibli, Azhaar Al Harrasi, Sumaira Iram

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted seasonal paediatric respiratory infections due to widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions, sharply reducing viral circulation. This study aimed to compare paediatric viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) patterns and outcomes pre- and post-COVID-19 using hospital-based data from Oman. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman. Paediatric patients who underwent PCR testing for respiratory viruses before (December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and after (April 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023) the pandemic. Quantitative data is presented as means ± standard deviations and qualitative data as …

Enhancing Intergenerational Health In Nigeria: Peripartum As Critical Life Stage For Cardiovascular Health (Enhance-Cvh) Study: Findings From Pre-Implementation Using The Updated Consolidated Framework For Implementation Research (Cfir 2.0), Julia D López, Cecilia Nartey, Debra Haire-Joshu, Victor G Dávila-Román, Mark D Huffman, Clementina E Okoro, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a crucial period to improve cardiovascular health (CVH) for mothers and their families. The current study emphasizes framework-guided factors that influence the adaptation of an evidence-based intervention (Parents as Teachers and Healthy Eating Active Living Taught at Home [PAT + HEALTH]) to support healthy gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management among pregnant women with obesity and their infants in Nigeria.

METHODS: From May to June 2023, 43 in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 parents, 15 community health extension workers (CHEWs)/health educators, and 17 policymakers/ healthcare supervisors in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Additionally, nine focus groups …

Associations Between County-Level E-Cigarette-Inclusive Tobacco 21 Law Population Coverage And E-Cigarette Use Behaviors Among United States Adolescents In Monitoring The Future, James H. Buszkiewicz, Catherine A. Vander Woude, Yanmei Xie, Steven Cook, Bukola Usidame, Megan E. Patrick, Michael R. Elliott, James F. Thrasher, Nancy L. Fleischer

Department of Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background and aims

In the United States (US), Tobacco 21 (T21) laws set the minimum legal sale age for all tobacco products to 21 years. This study aimed to examine whether e-cigarette-inclusive T21 laws were associated with e-cigarette use behaviors and related disparities among US adolescents.

Design

We used nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional Monitoring the Future data to compare self-reported current e-cigarette use (2014–2022) and first e-cigarette initiation (2015–2022) among adolescents in counties with 100% ('full') versus < 100% ('partial or no') e-cigarette-inclusive T21 law population coverage using modified Poisson regression, examining differences by sex, race and ethnicity, parental educational attainment and college educational expectations through interactions.

Setting

United States.

Participants

8th, 10th and 12th graders.

Measurements

County-level e-cigarette-inclusive T21 law population coverage was determined using Tobacco 21 Population Coverage …

Prevalence And Factors Associated With Alcohol And Illicit Drug Use Among Brazilian Youth: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study, Emerson Brito, Marina Bessel, Natalia Luiza Kops, Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Flavia Moreno, Alexis Koskan, Thayane Martins Dornelles, Ben Hur Graboski Pinheiro, Suelen Basgalupp, Eliana Wendland

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

This study examined alcohol and illicit drug use among Brazilian youth aged 16 to 25 during the transition to adulthood. A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted between Sep-2016 and Dec-2017 across all 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. A total of 8,581 participants completed structured interviews on substance use and sociodemographic characteristics. Lifetime prevalence was 71.6% for alcohol and 30% for illicit drugs. Frequent alcohol use was more common among males, while the most used illicit substances were cannabis (27.4%) and cocaine (9.9%). Participants without a partner had higher rates of alcohol and hallucinogen use, while those with …

Laboratory Monitoring In Patients With Moderate To Severe Plaque Psoriasis, Jonathan M. Fenkel, John A. Osborne, April W. Armstrong, Bruce Strober, Linda Stein Gold, Michael Cameron, Mark Lebwohl

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Plaque psoriasis is a common immune-mediated disease associated with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, psoriatic arthritis, liver disease, and mood disorders. Biologic and small-molecule therapies are efficacious and well tolerated in adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. However, dermatologists may be uncertain about appropriate laboratory monitoring in patients treated with these therapies, especially those with comorbidities.

METHODS: This review summarizes prescribing information and provides expert recommendations based on real-world experience in the monitoring of concerning laboratory values in patients with psoriasis.

RESULTS: Individualized monitoring is essential for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks associated with biologic …

The Differential Effects Of Fast Walking Speed On Muscle Coactivation In The Paretic And Non-Paretic Extremities Post-Stroke, Natalia Sánchez, Andrian Kuch, Samantha N. Jeffcoat, Andrew Hooyman, Aria Haver-Hill, Christina K. Holl, Kristan A. Leech

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Background:

Clinical practice guidelines for walking recovery post-stroke recommend high aerobic intensity training, which usually involves walking at fast speeds. However, the acute effect of fast speeds on the neuromuscular control of walking is unclear.

Objectives:

(1) Assess the criterion validity of the Dynamic Motor Control Index (WalkDMC) as a measure of coactivation post-stroke. (2) Assess acute speed-dependent coactivation post-stroke. (3) Assess how clinical characteristics shape the speed-dependent coactivation response. (4) Assess the relationship between heart rate and coactivation post-stroke. We hypothesized that WalkDMC is correlated with function and impairment measures. We also hypothesize that coactivation measured via the WalkDMC …

Primary Care Provider Communication Barriers With College-Aged Students, Mckenna Mahakian, Sharon Schaeffer, Rachel Immel

Honors Projects

As both a researcher and a college student, I’ve noticed that my peers and I share a common negative sentiment toward scheduling and attending routine doctor’s appointments. There are unique barriers in place for the age demographic; college students encountering the medical system and Primary Care Providers (PCPs) seem to have unique challenges in communication. I released a qualitative, anonymous survey to Bowling Green State University students to gauge opinionated responses on sentiments regarding how they felt about the level of communication between themselves and their provider, how the pediatric switch to a regular doctor impacted their inpatient care, how …

Discovery Of A Small Molecule Tlr3 Agonist Adjuvant, Branden Lee, Danica Dong, Etsuro Nanishi, John Mark Awad, Kimia Abedi, Yoshine Saito, Francesco Borriello, Soumik Barman, Byron Brook, Aisling Kelly, Manisha Menon, Constance Marques-Mourlet, Maansi Gupta, Ida Lister, Chiwoo Oh, Kevin Lyskawa, Morgan Goetz, Kristina Walker, Wing Ki Cheng, Spencer Brightman, Pankaj Sharma, Timothy O'Meara, Katherine Chew, Daniel Vieira, Kevin Ryff, Cali Sweitzer, Sanya Thomas, Simon Van Haren, Matthew Pettengill, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Wei Zhang, Ofer Levy, David Dowling

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) agonists are valuable agents across multiple medical applications, from vaccinology to immune-oncology. However, well-defined and potent small molecule agonists for many PRRs still await discovery and development. Screening of chemical libraries of ~200,000 small molecules for maturation of human monocytic cells by quantifying NF-κB activation and cell adherence was completed. From this screen, we selected a thiazole benzamide derivative, PVP-057, for its robust immunomodulatory properties, low toxicity profile, and concentration-dependent activity. In vitro investigation of pathway and receptor activation reveals that PVP-057 is a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist. As a single-component adjuvant, administered intramuscularly or intradermally …

Methylene Blue Associated Retinal Toxicity, Sidra Zafar, Martin Calotti, Timothy T. Xu, Justin Muste, Theodore Bowe, Luis Acaba-Berrocal, Brian Cheng, Samir Patel, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Jose S. Pulido, Jordan D. Deaner

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: To describe a case of inadvertent methylene blue use during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for an epiretinal membrane (ERM).

CASE: A 69-year-old man presented with 1 day of severe vision loss in his left eye. Two days prior to presentation, he had undergone PPV that was complicated by accidental methylene blue use. Visual acuity (VA) at presentation to our institution was CF from his baseline VA of 20/60. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated diffuse hyperreflectivity and thickening of the inner retinal layers. The patient was started on oral prednisone with no improvement. On postoperative month 1, VA was HM. …