Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Photovoice Project With Latino Youth In Easten North Philadelphia, Maria F. Arisi, Vincent Pepe, John Mckeegan, Caleb Dafilou, Mph, Rickie Brawer, Mph, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction: Eastern North Philadelphia is home to both the highest density Latino population in Philadelphia and some of the poorest health measures of the city. This Latino population is known to face a multitude of barriers to health, such as high rates of poverty, low educational attainment, and language barriers. There is little data showing what the self-identified priority needs of these Latino populations are, and even less showing the needs of Latino youth. Understanding how youth perceive the impact of their social and built environments can bring attention to the issues that the community needs addressed.

Methods: We conducted …

Analyzing The Attitudes, Beliefs, And Practices Of Breastfeeding Women At Maternity Care Coalition, Angela Heysel, Conor Bradley, Naima Black, Galissa Jones

Phase 1

Introduction: Breastfeeding is essential for health and bonding within the mother-child dyad. Most guidelines, therefore, suggest women continue breastfeeding up to twelve months post-partum. Discrepancies in achieving this exist across zip codes and race in Philadelphia, despite high overall rates of breastfeeding. Our research goal is to understand these discrepancies and the relationship between attitudes and practices of breastfeeding Philadelphian women, in order to target them with breastfeeding resource.

Methods: General population data was collected via an online survey taken by residents of Philadelphia and the surrounding counties, whereas the focus group survey was taken in-person by Maternity Care Coalition …

Music In Medicine: Enhancing Emotion Recognition In Medical Students, Grace Chon, Debra Lew Harder, Md, Dma

Phase 1

Previous studies have shown that visual art courses for medical students have improved their diagnostic skills. A music course in a similar fashion may enhance their ability to recognize patient emotion in the patient’s voice. Identifying patient emotion via auditory cues allows future physicians to appropriately respond to patients’ mental states and provide empathetic care. This study proposes that medical students who complete a course in recognizing emotional cues in music will outperform a control group in correctly identifying emotion in the human voice.

Participants were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, in which only the latter completed a …

Developing An Online Critical Care Electroencephalography Curriculum For Epilepsy And Neurophysiology Fellows, Anne Woehling, Brooke Hancock, Nathanael Lee, Md, Connie Tang, Md, Allyson Pickard, Md, Andres Fernandez, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: This project aims to create an Electroencephalography (EEG) curriculum that synthesizes the teachings of current publications and faculty expertise within a single digital platform. The goal is to remedy the unmet need for a centralized resource for learners to use when learning EEG interpretation.

Methods: The target learner population is epilepsy and neurophysiology fellows. The platform will be accessible from any computer, tablet, or phone, allowing for mobile, self-paced learning to take place. To date, the curriculum outline has been designed with extensive literature review and collaboration from other institutions, and two pilot modules have been completed using the …

A Comparison Of Homemade Phantoms For Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion, Liam Hughes, Saami Zakaria, Zachary Risler, Arthur K. Au, Lauren Selame, Kelly Kehm, Resa E. Lewiss

Phase 1

Purpose: Ultrasound (U/S) guided peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) placement is implemented in clinical settings across the medical field, with evidence supporting the use of point-of-care U/S as a procedural tool to improve patient outcomes. Non-commercial vascular access phantoms made of various materials have been described in published literature and online tutorials; however, there has been no comparison of the models. The primary objective of this study is to determine if non-commercial phantoms are useful for the education of U/S guided PIV placement.

Methods: This prospective observational study trialed six unique phantom models: 1) the Amini ballistics gel model, 2) the …

Implementing The Use Of Deliberative Practice On Teaching Endotracheal Intubation To First Year Medical Students, Tiffany Tse, Ronald Hall, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: Deliberate practice is defined as a learning theory that values a learner’s holistic ability to learn a task while integrating improvements in targeted skills. The theory states that in order to achieve maximal efficiency, a learner needs time for self-reflection and instantaneous feedback to make improvements before engaging in the next task. Here, we created an Intubation Training Module to study the effectiveness of deliberate practice on teaching endotracheal intubation to first year medical students.

Methods: A two-part intubation workshop was created to investigate the effectiveness of deliberate practice and to compare intubation competency between the number of …

Medical Student Attitudes Toward Cell Phone Use On Rounds, Jacob Garcia, Sarah E. Rosenberg, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: Mobile devices are ubiquitous and serve as an important resource for on-the-spot research about patient questions and conditions. However, even when a device is used to address patient needs, patients and members of the medical team may assume the student is using their phone for non-clinical activities and perceive the student as uninterested and disengaged. Medical students are aware of this potential for misperception, and as such, we designed a study to investigate the attitudes of third and fourth year medical students towards cell phone use on internal medicine rounds.

Methods: Our target learner population was third and fourth …

Sepsis Education And Training In Medical School, Shayan Ghiaee, Dimitrios Papanagnou, Md, David F. Gaieski, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: According to the National Institutes of Health, severe sepsis strikes more than one million Americans every year. Despite the extensive research that has gone into creating the different risk stratification tools for sepsis, there is still a fifteen to thirty percent mortality rate among patients diagnosed with sepsis. We believe this is due to a lack of robust education and training of medical students in sepsis identification, and thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of training and education of medical students in the identification and treatment of sepsis.

Methods: This study is aimed at …

Examining The Impact Of Personality On Teamwork-Based Simulations In Medical Student Emergency Medicine Clerkships, Allison Doermann, Kathleen Finn, Chaiya Laoteppitaks, Md, Shruti Chandra, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: As Medical Education evolves with team-based problem-solving and medical simulations, the importance of training teams is imperative to assure that students will be prepared to treat patients in multidisciplinary services. This concern necessitates the question of whether individual characteristics such as personality factors into the success and optimization of teams in team-based educational programs. Our project aims to determine whether individual personality traits can impact the success of teams in simulation-based education.

Methods: Myers Briggs Typology Indicator (MBTI) personality data was collected from Third and Fourth-Year medical students during their Jefferson Emergency Medicine Clerkship. These students were observed during …

Patient Interview Simulator: An Innovative Tool To Learn And Practice Clinical Medicine, Daniel Habbal, Khaled Noueihed, Gretchen Diemer

Phase 1

Purpose: There is a lack of materials for simulating and testing the medical diagnostic procedure. Studies show that this is a trend nationwide, where not enough emphasis is put on clinical skills acquisition and assessments. We have designed a simulator to supplement the integration of medical knowledge in clinical scenarios. We designed this tool to be used as an add-on to medical school curricula.

Methods: Twenty second-year medical students participated in this innovative project, as they had the necessary foundations of medical knowledge, and have not had many patient interactions yet. During the pilot study, participants played four cases regarding …

Patient Interview Simulator: Designed To Increase Confidence And Knowledge In Clinical Medicine, Khaled Noueihed, Daniel Habbal, Gretchen Demer

Phase 1

Purpose: Studies have shown a nationwide trend in which medical students seldom get one-on-one interactions with a standardized patient conducting a full medical visit before their clerkship years. We have designed a simulator that allows students to practice their clinical skills with each other, using a variety of cases that emulate case-based learning as well as clinical skills exams.

Methods: Twenty second-year medical students participated in the game’s pilot study. The measured variables in the study included game and confidence scores. We randomized participants into pairs, and each person completed two cases with their scores compared using a paired t-test. …

The Effect Of Display Size On Ultrasound Interpretation, Jamie L. Huot, Mark Magee, Arthur Au, Lillian Flashner, Kelly Goodsell, Resa E. Lewiss, Zachary Risler

Phase 1

Purpose: To assess how display size affects providers’ abilities to accurately interpret ultrasound (U/S) videos. U/S has become essential for patient evaluation in the emergency setting. Although newer devices that are smaller in size and affordable place the technology within the pockets of practitioners, it is necessary to assess how smaller size may impact image quality.

Methods: The target learner population for this study includes all practitioners who perform point of care U/S. A prospective convenience sample of emergency providers were randomized to begin on either a phone-sized screen or a laptop-sized screen. Participants answered "Yes" or "No" in response …

The Relationship Between Chronic Health Conditions And Cognitive Deficits In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Kellen C Gandy, Heidi A Castillo, Lara Ouellette, Jonathan Castillo, Philip J Lupo, Lisa M Jacola, Karen R Rabin, Kimberly P Raghubar, Maria M Gramatges

Library Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down syndrome are predisposed to a number of chronic health conditions, but the relationship between these conditions and cognitive ability is not clear. The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess this relationship by evaluating studies that measure cognitive performance in the context of Down syndrome-associated chronic health conditions.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies included in this review (1) included children, adolescent, and young adult participants with Down syndrome and one or more co-occurring health conditions; (2) were quantitative; …

A Scoping Review Of Boot Camps As A Transition, Or Induction Training In Health Professions Education, Saul Flores, Dorene Balmer, Erin Pete Davidson, Danny Castro, Brian Rissmiller, Beatriz Varman, Satid Thammasitboon

Library Staff Publications

Background

Health professions education (HPE) has increasingly used “boot camps” as a promising approach to prepare learners for the transition to their next educational level (e.g. medical students entering residency) or before entering a specific field. However, current boot camp guidelines have not been widely developed or accepted and may have even strayed into different concepts.

Aim

To explore current practices of boot camps as an educational activity to transition into a new level of training or a new field in HPE.

Methods

Medical and education databases will be searched for studies reporting on boot camps. We will achieve our …

Challenges In Medical Journalism: Reflections From The Year Past, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Anthropogenic Suffering Of Farmed Animals: The Other Side Of Zoonoses, Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun

Animal Sentience

Wiebers & Feigin’s (W&F’s) target article warns of the zoonotic threat to human health from factory farming and urges phasing out meat production and consumption, for the benefit of both human and nonhuman animals. This commentary focuses on the physical and emotional suffering of farmed animals. This varies by species, production system and geographic location, but suffering is there throughout all stages of production — breeding, housing, transport, usage and slaughter. Ubiquitous monitoring of all facilities where farmed animals are kept, with surveillance cameras recording all phases of production would help reduce some forms of suffering. Other forms are caused …

Remedying Anthropogenic Zoonoses, Daniela Figueroa, Ximena Duprat

Animal Sentience

Abstract: Zoonotic diseases represent 60% of the infections suffered by the human species. in light of the latest episodes of epidemics and pandemics we have to begin to address health problems with another perspective. The “One Health” vision aims to generate a change in consciousness and a new working strategy.

Mitigating A Covid-19 Outbreak Among Major League Baseball Players - United States, 2020, Meghan T. Murray, Margaret A. Riggs, David M. Engelthaler, Caroline Johnson, Sharon Watkins, Allison Longenberger, David Brett-Major, John Lowe, M. Jana Broadhurst, Chandresh N. Ladva, Julie M. Villanueva, Adam Macneil, Shoukat Qari, Hannah L. Kirking, Michael Cherry, Ali S. Khan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Mass gatherings have been implicated in higher rates of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and many sporting events have been restricted or canceled to limit disease spread (1). Based on current CDC COVID-19 mitigation recommendations related to events and gatherings (2), Major League Baseball (MLB) developed new health and safety protocols before the July 24 start of the 2020 season. In addition, MLB made the decision that games would be played without spectators. Before a three-game series between teams A and B, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health was notified of a team A …

Does Vibration Anesthesia Improve Pain Tolerance In Patients Receiving Cosmetic Facial Injections?, Rachel N. Westerbeck

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does vibration anesthesia improve pain tolerance in patients receiving cosmetic facial injections?”

Study Design: Review of three randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials published between the years of 2011 and 2017.

Data Sources: All studies were published in peer-reviewed journals that were located using PubMed database searches as well as Cochrane Collaboration.

Outcome Measured: Pain reduction was measured using a Likert-type pain scale which was either rated 0-10; 0 was rated as no pain, 5 being moderate and 10 being the worst pain ever experienced. The 5-point …

Is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Effective In Treating Shoulder Tendonitis?, Madison H. Day

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not extracorporeal shock wave therapy is effective in treating shoulder tendonitis.

STUDY DESIGN: This review paper analyzes two, double-blind, randomized control trials (RCTs) and one retrospective cohort study. The population included adults with calcified or non-calcified shoulder tendinitis. The intervention was extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). The groups receiving ESWT in the RCTs were compared to those receiving placebo probes.

DATA SOURCE: Each article was a primary research design published in English after 2015 in peer-review journals.

OUTCOMES: The outcomes measured were patient-oriented evidence that matters, including …

Does Phonophoresis Using Nsaids Reduce Osteoarthritis Knee Pain?, Amber R. Wobma

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not phonophoresis using NSAIDs reduces osteoarthritis knee pain.

Study Design: Systematic review of three double-blind randomized controlled trials published between the years 2013 and 2018.

Data Sources: Published peer-reviewed articles obtained through PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration. Articles were selected based on relevance to my clinical question and if they included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcomes Measured: Pain severity was self-reported by patients using a visual analog scale (VAS) on a continuum of 0-100; 0 representing no pain at all and 100 representing the worst pain imaginable. Participants in all …

Is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy An Effective Treatment For Adult Patients With Tinnitus?, Ashlyn C. Smith

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective treatment for adult patients with tinnitus.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2012 and 2017 and one cohort study published in 2018.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources for this review are articles published in peer-reviewed journals retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes evaluated are tinnitus severity and tinnitus distress as determined by the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and overall negative affect as determined by the Tinnitus Psychological Impact Questionnaire (QIPA). The …

Is Pain Intensity Reduced By The Application Of Kinesio Tape In Postmenopausal Women With Mild To Moderate Venous Insufficiency?, Yeimi Ortiz Chavez

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not “Is pain intensity reduced by the application of kinesio tape in postmenopausal women with mild to moderate venous insufficiency?”

STUDY DESIGN: A systemic review compiling data from three randomized controlled trials between 2013 and 2014, all in the English language.

DATA SOURCES: Three pertinent studies evaluating the reduction of pain intensity in postmenopausal women with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency were included in this review. Sources were selected using PubMed and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: Patient perception of pain using a Visual …

Are Curcuminoids Effective In Reducing Pain In Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Lauren Tanna

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not curcuminoids are effective in reducing pain in adults with knee osteoarthritis.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a systematic review which evaluates three randomized controlled trials (RCT’s) published in peer reviewed journals between 2016-2018.

DATA SOURCES: The data sources used for this review were found using PubMed and Cochrane Library. Data was chosen based on relevance to the clinical question and if patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEMS) were included.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: All three studies measured curcuminoids and its effects on pain reduction in adults with knee osteoarthritis using …

Does Music Therapy Decrease Anxiety Levels In Pre-Operative Cesarean Section Patients?, Carolynn E. Saba

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective stated as follows: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not music therapy decreases anxiety levels in pre-operative cesarean section patients.

Study Design: A systematic review of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in 2012, 2012, and 2018; all in the English language.

Data sources: All three RCT’s were from peer-reviewed journals, found on the PubMed database. These articles were chosen based on their relevance to the chosen topic and included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcome(s) Measured: Patient outcomes were measured using a Visual Analog scale (VAS), Mood State Scale, and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety …

Do Abdominal Binders Placed After Cesarean Delivery Reduce Postoperative Pain?, Skyler Tuholski

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not “Do abdominal binders placed after cesarean delivery reduce postoperative pain?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies written in English, published between the years 2016 and 2018.

DATA SOURCES: All three studies are randomized controlled trials found using PubMed database, and they were the only existing RCTs evaluating this objective published at the onset of this review.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcome measured in each study is self-reported pain on postoperative day 1 following cesarean delivery. Pain is measured on a scale from …

Are Prp Injections Effective At Decreasing Chronic Low Back Pain In Adults?, Bobbi Webb

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not “Are PRP injections effective at decreasing chronic low back pain in adults?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized control trials and one prospective clinical evaluation written in English, published after the year 2012.

DATA SOURCES: All three articles were found in peer review journals published via PubMed Database.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcome measured in each study is self-reported pain at baseline and 4 weeks following injection of PRP or the comparison. The visual analog scale and a generic numeric rating scale were …

Does The Addition Of Ginger Decrease Migraine Pain?, Stephanie Nguyen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “does the addition of ginger decrease migraine pain”.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between the years of 2011-2018.

DATA SOURCES: Three double-blinded randomized control trials were chosen from the Cochrane Library and PubMed and selected based on patient oriented outcomes and their relevance to the clinical questions. The study by Martins et al., (Cephalalgia. 2018; 39(1):68-76. doi: 10.1177/0333102418776016) compared the addition of ginger vs placebo. The study by Maghbooli et al., (Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(3):412–415. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4996.) compared the addition of ginger …

Is The Use Of Kinesio Tape (Kt) Effective In Reducing Pain Postoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Surgery?, Annabeth D. Pruett

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not is the use of Kinesio Tape (KT) effective in reducing pain post-operative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trial studies that were published between 2013 and 2017 in peer reviewed journals. Two articles were published in English language while one article was published in Polish language then translated to English language.

DATA SOURCES: All three randomized control trials were found via PubMed

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The primary outcomes measured by the patient and investigator was the efficacy of KT in the …

In Adults With Eating Disorders, Is The Use Of Online-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effective In Reducing Eating Disorder Psychopathologies?, Lyndsey Rodabaugh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether “In adults with eating disorders, is the use of online-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) effective in reducing eating disorder (ED) psychopathologies?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2017.

DATA SOURCES: Articles included are data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found via PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration database sites in the English language.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcomes measured were eating disorder psychopathologies using a global score obtained from the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The global score is comprised of …