Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Early Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Global And Turkish Economy, Ömer Açikgöz, Asli Günay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Individuals infected by the Covid-19 potentially are at risk of health and economic well-being. Today, the Covid-19 is a global issue, and the world economy can be interpreted as almost at the standstill. In this context, this study aims to discuss the potential first reactions of short and long term global economic impacts of the pandemic through sectors by assessing its costs according to the data announced for both the world and Turkey. In addition, this study tries to put forth possible economic and political scenarios for the post-pandemic world. Materials and methods: This is a review article that …

Mobilizing The Research Ecosystem For Scientific Advances Towards Positive Impact In Thecontext Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Hasan Mandal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This special issue of the Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences is dedicated to providing scientific advances in the process of better understanding the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 infection. The special issue is published in a special time in which science-based approaches, cocreation-based collaboration, and the effective utilization and integration of competences have a crucial role during the race against time while combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In this process, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), which publishes academic journals including the Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, has taken rapid action to mobilize the research community. This …

Emerging And Reemerging Respiratory Viral Infections Up To Covid-19, İlhami̇ Çeli̇k, Esma Saatçi̇, Ayşegül Füsun Eyüboğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Infectious diseases remain as the significant causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. Acute respiratory viral diseases claim over 4 million deaths and cause millions of hospitalizations in developing countries every year. Emerging viruses, especially the RNA viruses, are more pathogenic since most people have no herd immunity. The RNA viruses can adapt to the rapidly changing global and local environment due to the high error rate of their polymerases that replicate their genomes. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined as an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Epidemiology Of Covid-19, Cemal Bulut, Yasuyuki̇ Kato

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

It seems that coronaviruses take an important place in the 21th century history. Five of seven human coronavirus was isolated in this century. Unfortunately, last three of them entered our life with a fear of outbreak, pandemic or death. Last human coronavirus which emerged world from Wuhan China, SARS CoV-2 and its clinical expression, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently taken a significant place in our daily practice. Initial reports showed that, its origin was bats. It transmitted human to human by droplet and contact routes, but some doubt about airborne, fecal or intrauterine transmission also should be removed. Its R0 value …

Crushing The Curve, The Role Of National And International Institutions And Policy Makersin Covid-19 Pandemic, Zeli̇ha Koçak Tufan, Bi̇rcan Kayaaslan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Nobody can be fully prepared to a pandemic. Of course there are signs of it, the scientists can predict, alarming speeches can be made. But there are always alarmist people around, maybe that is why sometimes even the most serious warnings may be not considered by the authorities on time. The first patients may be lost without a proper diagnosis. When everybody realizes that there may be a big problem in the horizon, sometimes it is too late. That is why it is very important to monitor contagious diseases and follow the warnings and releases of national and international disease …

Coronaviruses And Sars-Cov-2, Mustafa Hasöksüz, Selçuk Kiliç, Fahri̇ye Saraç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals, poultry, and rodents, ranging from mild to severe enteric, respiratory, and systemic disease, and also cause the common cold or pneumonia in humans. Seven coronavirus species are known to cause human infection, 4 of which, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43, typically cause cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. The others namely SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were zoonotic in origin and cause severe respiratory illness and fatalities. On 31 December 2019, the existence of patients with pneumonia …

Global Threat Of Covid 19 And Evacuation Of The Citizens Of Different Countries, İrfan Şencan, Semanur Kuzi̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Beginning from China on December 2019, COVID-19 epidemic has spreaded all over the world in a short period of time and has been a pandemic. In challenge with this pandemic quarantine technique has been used widely after tens of years. In the course of the pandemic, many countries evacuated their citizens from affected regions and combined the evacuation with quarantine process. Some examples of these countries who evacuated their citizens are Germany, Italy, Spain, and USA. In further times, during the course of pandemic, according to spread, other countries evacuated their citizens from these countries too. Despite being the origin …

Protective Measures For Covid-19 For Healthcare Providers And Laboratory Personnel, Canan Ağalar, Derya Öztürk Engi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient …

Critically Ill Covid-19 Patient, Burçi̇n Halaçli, Akin Kaya, Arzu Topeli̇ İski̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare …

Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) In Children, Hasan Tezer, Tuğba Bedi̇r Demi̇rdağ

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. The disease rapidly spread all around the world in a few months and was declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. By April 9, there were 1,436,198 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world, nearly with 6% mortality rate. This novel infectious disease causes respiratory tract illness that may generally occur as mild upper respiratory tract disease or pneumonia. In older patients and/or patients with underlying conditions, it may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi organ failure and even death. According to the current literature, children account …

Antiviral Treatment Of Covid-19, Serap Yavuz, Serhat Ünal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Currently, there is not any specific effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Although most of the COVID-19 patients have mild or moderate courses, up to 5%-10% can have severe, potentially life threatening course, there is an urgent need for effective drugs. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. There have been more than 300 clinical trials going on, various antiviral and immunomodulating agents are in various stages of evaluation for COVID-19 in those trials and some of them will be published in the next couple of months. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19 through …

Behçet Syndrome As A Construct, Hasan Yazici

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We still do not know the cause(s) of Behçet syndrome. Most probably several, separate disease mechanisms are involved. I, like some others, propose we call it not a disease but a syndrome, a construct with a list of strong and weak elements. I like to think that this frank admission of our ignorance of its cause(s) will be an important semantic stimulus for more meaningful research.

Decreasing Incidence And Severity Of Behçet's Disease: A Changing Trend Inepidemiological Spectrum Possibly Associated With Oral Health, Gonca Mumcu, Fatma Ali̇baz Öner, Safi̇ye Atlas Tüli̇n Ergun, Rafi̇ Haner Di̇reskeneli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic and inflammatory disorder that is mainly present along the ancient Silk Road, from the Mediterranean Sea to East Asia. A wide range of prevalence figures (0.1-420/100,000) have been reported for BD, also among Turkish populations of similar genetic background living in different countries. Recently, a decline in the incidence of BD and a change of the disease spectrum to less-severe manifestations have been reported from Japan and Korea, two genetically homogenous, affluent populations with limited immigration. It was hypothesized that a decline in infectious diseases, especially dental/periodontal infections, associated with the improvement in oral …

Familial Mediterranean Fever, From Pathogenesis To Treatment: A Contemporary Review, Abdurrahman Tufan, Helen Lachmann

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (OMIM #249100) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease in the world. FMF is caused by gain of function mutations of MEFV gene which encodes an immune regulatory protein, pyrin. Over the last few years, we have witnessed several new developments in the pathogenesis, genetic testing, diagnosis, comorbidities, disease related damage and treatment approaches to FMF. Elucidation of some of the pathogenic mechanisms has led to the discovery of pathways involved in inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. The use of next generation sequencing in FMF has revealed many new gene variants whose clinical significance may …

The Negative Effects Of Dry Eye Disease On Quality Of Life And Visual Function, Lee W. Guo, Esen Akpek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In recent years, dry eye has become a hot topic within ophthalmology and optometry, especially in regards to new frontiers in treatment modalities which include novel devices, procedures, and medications. However, some of the more understudied areas in dry eye involve its impact on quality of life. Although ocular discomfort symptoms are well known to be associated with dry eye, its negative effects on visual function remain underrecognized. This paper reviews these topics within the currently published literature to heighten awareness among clinicians.

Gut Microbiota And Therapeutic Approaches For Dysbiosis In Irritable Bowel Syndrome:Recent Developments And Future Perspectives, Hanna Fjeldheim Dale, Gülen Arslan Lied

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Increased knowledge regarding the implications of gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suggests that a disturbed intestinal microenvironment (dysbiosis) might promote the development and maintenance of IBS symptoms and affects several pathways in the pathology of this multifactorial disease. Accordingly, manipulation of the gut microbiota in order to improve IBS symptoms has evolved as a novel treatment strategy in the last decade. Several different approaches have been investigated in order to improve the gut microbiota composition. Dietary modifications including supplementation with fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics are shown to improve symptoms and composition of gut microbiota in IBS; however, the …

Update On Liver Transplantation-Newer Aspects, Rahşan Olga Meti̇n, Cem Şi̇mşek, Ahmet Ömür Gürakar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only therapeutic option offering gold standard treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and acute liver failure (ALF), as well as for certain early-stage liver tumors. Currently, the greatest challenge facing LT is the simple fact that there are not enough adequate livers for all the potential patients that could benefit from LT. Despite efforts to expand the donor pool to include living and deceased donors, organ shortage is still a major problem in many countries. To solve this problem, the use of marginal liver grafts has become an inevitable choice. Although the definition of marginal …

Thalamocortical Network Interruption: A Fresh View For Migraine Symptoms, Hayrunni̇sa Bolay Belen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Migraine is a multifaceted brain disorder where multisensory disturbances are associated with headache. Yet sensory symptoms are conventionally justified by dysfunctions confined to the cerebral cortex, a perspective through the complex interplay of thalamocortical network would provide the entire picture, more pertinent to the central sensory processing. It is important to consider thalamus as a hub that integrates multiple domains via extensive connections among anatomically and functionally separate cortical areas. Accordingly, cortical spreading depression (CSD), implicated in migraine pathophysiology can be seen as a tool to disconnect thalamocortical network by functionally eliminating cerebral cortex. Hence, including thalamic reticular nucleus and …

Immune Gene Therapy Of Cancer, Hakan Akbulut

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cancer gene therapy emerged as a promising treatment modality 3 decades ago. However, the failure of the first gene therapy trials in cancer treatment has decreased its popularity. Likewise, immunotherapy has followed a similar course. While it was a popular and promising treatment with IL-2 and interferon and cancer vaccines in the 1980s, it later lost its popularity. Immunotherapy became one of the main options for cancer treatment with the successful use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinics approximately 10 years ago. The success of immunotherapy has increased even more with the introduction of cancer gene therapy methods in this …

Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis: An Integrated Approach With Biochemical And Clinical Aspects, Özcan Erel, Serpi̇l Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition …

Ankaferd Hemostat: From Molecules To Medicine, Rafi̇ye Çi̇ftçi̇ler, İbrahi̇m Celaletti̇n Haznedaroğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper® , İstanbul, Turkey) is a hemostatic agent having an impact on red blood cell-fibrinogen interactions. The hemostatic effect of ABS depends upon the quick promotion of a protein network, particularly fibrinogen gamma, in relation to the erythrocyte aggregation. The entire physiological process involves ABS-induced formation of the protein network by vital erythrocyte aggregation. Vital erythrocyte aggregation occurs with the spectrine, ankyrin, and actin proteins on the membrane of the red blood cells. ABS notably affects cell metabolism and cell cycle mechanisms. Meanwhile, ABS has antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. The aim of this review …

Cyberbullying, Digital Citizenship, And Youth With Autism: Lis Education As A Piece In The Puzzle, Abigail Phillips, Amelia Anderson

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Librarians are beginning to address the lack of services for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by providing flexible and tailored programming and services. One important need among youth with ASD is a better understanding of how to navigate the online environment safely and responsibly. Given different engagement styles with social interaction and communication, youth with ASD may be more susceptible to cyberbullying and misinterpretations during online communications than their peers. This study investigates whether librarians can (or should) play a role in digital citizenship education for youth with ASD and provides suggestions for LIS educators preparing future librarians on …

Novel Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Community Viral Load Measures, Hcv Incidence And Prevalence, And Hcv Prevention By Methadone Maintenance, Ashly E. Jordan

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract

Introduction

The incidence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has increased in the current opioid epidemic in the United States; current estimates are that 2-3 million Americans have HCV infection. The ongoing and increasing HCV epidemic among people who use drugs (PWUD) is occurring in the context of known HCV prevention and highly efficacious and well-tolerated curative HCV treatment. The development of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) with cure rates approaching 100% dramatically changed the treatment landscape. This provides both the potential for improved individual- and population-level treatment effectiveness, and also the potential for population-level HCV ‘cure as prevention' (CasP) …

A Scoping Review Of Theoretical Models And Conceptual Frameworks Used In Public Health Services And Systems Research (Phssr) Literature, Zahra Shahin, Anna Messick, Jenna Harris, Kristie C. Waterfield, Gulzar H. Shah

Health Policy & Community Health: Faculty Publications

Objectives

Theoretical models and conceptual frameworks are often used to design research methods. This study aims to provide an overview of the application of theoretical models and conceptual frameworks in Public Health Services and Systems Research (PHSSR). We also examine how the integration of such terms in research can improve intervention designs and support the decision-making process within the field of public health practice.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using publications from public health journals to identify relevant articles in the field of PHSSR. The eligibility of studies was determined after performing evaluations through a full-text review of each …

Kinetics Of Notch Signaling During Osteoclastogenesis, Amber Larissa Framstad

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Bone remodeling, the process of removing and replacing damaged bone matrix, is a dynamic physiological process essential to maintaining bone composition and integrity. Improper coordination of resorption and formation can lead to pathologic changes in bone composition and quality, as is seen in osteoporosis, a bone disorder most seen in post-metapausal women attributed to decreased estrogen levels. The Notch signal pathway is a highly conserved direct cell communication pathway known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in many cell types including the differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Osteoclastogenesis is initiated in BMMs by receptor activator of …

Dissimilar Phonemes Create A Contextual Interference Effect During A Nonword Repetition Task, Kimberly Michelle Meigh, Elisabeth Kee

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Purpose: The contextual interference effect is a motor learning phenomenon where conditions that decrease overall learning during practice enhance overall learning with new tasks. In the limb literature, this effect is observed when different practice conditions are used (e.g., blocked vs. random practice schedules). In speech motor learning, contextual interference effects are mixed. The differences observed during speech motor learning may be due to the stimuli used. We hypothesized that dissimilar phonemes might create interference during speech motor learning, such that training accuracy would decrease. However, generalization accuracy would increase compared to practice with nonwords containing similar phonemes.

Method …

Health-Related Quality Of Life And Ptsd-Symptoms In Survivors Of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Ecmo) Support, Jennifer Bauman

DNP Projects

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors have shown to have poor physical and mental health outcomes post decannulation and hospitalization; thus leading to an overall decreased quality of life. Identifying and managing the psychological components of care in this patient population can improve their physical, emotional, and mental well-being.

Purpose: To assess the incidence of impaired health related quality of life (HRQOL) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) like symptoms in survivors of ECMO; identify which constellation of patients (respiratory vs. cardiac) have poorer HRQOL outcomes post ECMO; and compare the tools used to measure post procedural outcomes in this patient …

A Quality Improvement Initiative To Manage Shingrix Vaccine Inventory In Ambulatory Clinics, Tracy Colburn

DNP Scholarly Projects

Abstract

Background: Inventory control practices for adult vaccines, specifically Shingrix, in ambulatory clinics are not well known or researched. This quality improvement project takes place at a small healthcare organization consisting of a hospital and thirteen ambulatory clinics in Northern New England. Seven of the thirteen clinics have the Shingrix vaccine in their inventory.

Purpose: The aim of this quality improvement project was multifaceted. The first matter was the establishment of a two-week PAR level at seven of the thirteen ambulatory clinics connected to the organization. The second was the design and implementation of a Shingrix vaccine management program …

Timely Follow Up Care After Initiation Of Adhd Medication In Children: A Quality Improvement Project, Rebecca Haas

DNP Scholarly Projects

Background: Enhancing medication safety, strengthening compliance and mitigating side effects requires close monitoring. A child, defined by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, as being between the ages of 6 years and 12 years of ages, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) must have an initial medication visit within 30 days of a first-time trial of ADHD medication. Increasing staff awareness of organizational policy of expected timeframe for medication checks and annotating appointment slots as initial medication checks will decrease the number of days between the first-time trial of ADHD medication and a child’s medication assessment. Methods: The Model for …

Optimizing The Effectiveness Of Naloxone Distribution In The State Of New Hampshire: A Program Evaluation, Lisa M. Armes

DNP Scholarly Projects

In order to develop an understanding of the state-funded community naloxone distribution program in New Hampshire, a program evaluation was conducted. The project collected data on distributed naloxone and opioid overdose deaths between the years of 2014-2018 but focused primarily on comparing data from 2017 and 2018. There were 409 opioid deaths in 2017 and 399 opioid overdose deaths in 2018 in New Hampshire. Between 2017 and 2018, naloxone supply was increased by 38%-493%, varying widely across New Hampshire counties. Statistically significant increases in naloxone distributed to target users occurred only in Hillsborough and Strafford counties. Significant changes in death …