Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Medical Faculty Engagement In Curricular Revisions: An Inquiry Into Individual And Organizational Factors That Support Participation, Tomoko Tanikawa

Dissertations and Theses

In efforts to facilitate the education of highly qualified and best-prepared medical professionals, many medical schools are either planning for or engaging in curriculum revisions including a complete overhaul of the curricular structure, academic and medical content, and pedagogical delivery modalities. To be effective, such changes require faculty buy-in, participation, engagement, and innovation. Unfortunately, despite medical schools' efforts to support faculty involvement in curricular revision, a range of reactions exist, including resistance. Thus, understanding the interactions between individual faculty attitudes and behaviors toward organizational initiatives and structural support is critical in advancing the educational mission of medical schools. Based on …

Hispanics Have Higher Grade Intracerebral Hemorrhage Compared To Non-Hispanics, Jessica Houck Do, Tej Stead, Paul Banerjee, Latha Ganti Md

Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Nigeria: Is The Practice Declining? A Descriptive Analysis Of Successive Demographic And Health Surveys And Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2003–2017), Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Glory Atilola, Chibuzor Christopher Nnanatu, Emmanuel Ogundimu, Lubanzadio Mavatikua, Paul Komba, Zhuzhi Moore, Dennis Matanda

Reproductive Health

This report gives insight into the scale and scope of the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among women aged 15–49 years and girls younger than 15 years in Nigeria. It also presents evidence on where FGM/C occurs and highlights the dynamics of change as well as the context surrounding the practice. The report explores in detail the practice of FGM/C from all available sources of nationally representative survey data from 2003 to 2017 and the most relevant contextual information on key factors associated over time with FGM/C. The ultimate objective of the report is to generate evidence to inform …

Budd-Chiari Syndrome From A Tunneled-Dialysis Catheter?, Ifrah Butt Md, Kairavee D. Dave Md, Lucas Rindy Do, Arash Zarrin Do, Livasky Concepcion Md, Daniel Heller Md, Franklin Kasmin Md, Steven Kaplan Md, John Rivas Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

First Pass Effect In Patients Treated With The Trevo Stent-Retriever: A Track Registry Study Analysis., Maxim Mokin, Christopher T. Primiani, Alicia C. Castonguay, Raul G. Nogueira, Diogo C. Haussen, Joey D. English, Sudhakar R. Satti, Jennifer Chen, Hamed Farid, Candace Borders, Erol Veznedaroglu, Mandy J. Binning, Ajit Puri, Nirav A. Vora, Ron F. Budzik, Guilherme Dabus, Italo Linfante, Vallabh Janardhan, Amer Alshekhlee, Michael G. Abraham, Randall Edgell, Muhammad Asif Taqi, Ramy El Khoury, Anie Q. Majjhoo, Mouhammed R. Kabbani, Michael T. Froehler, Ira Finch, Sameer A. Ansari, Roberta Novakovic, Thanh N. Nguyen, Osama O. Zaidat

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Background and Objective: The first pass effect (FPE; achieving complete recanalization with a single thrombectomy device pass) has been shown to be associated with higher rates of good clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Here, we investigate clinical and radiographic factors associated with FPE in a large U.S. post-marketing registry (TRACK, Trevo Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke).

Methods: We analyzed the TRACK database (multicenter registry of 634 patients from 23 centers from March 2013 through August 2015), which 609 patients were included in the final analysis. FPE was defined as a single pass/use of device, TICI 2c/3 recanalization, and no …

Application Of Rigour And Credibility In Qualitative Document Analysis: Lessons Learnt From A Case Study, Leanne M. Wood, Bernadette Sebar, Nerina Vecchio

The Qualitative Report

This paper probes functions and processes of qualitative document analysis (QDA), a method widely used in case study research. It firstly demonstrates the application of a QDA framework to inform a case study of women entrepreneurs in rural Australia; and provides insights into the lessons learnt, including strengths and limitations of QDA. Secondly, the paper provides guidelines for novice researchers seeking to use thematic analysis in a QDA process, arguing for rigour in naming assumptions and explicitness about the procedures employed. The paper contributes to discussion in the literature that positions QDA not only as a convenient tool, but as …

Comparison Of Microneutralization And Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Blocking Assays For Functional Norovirus Antibody Detection, Robert L Atmar, Khalil Ettayebi, B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar, Frederick H Neill, Ralph P Braun, Sasirekha Ramani, Mary K Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The development of an in vitro cultivation system for human noroviruses allows the measurement of neutralizing antibody levels.

METHODS: Serum neutralizing antibody levels were determined using a GII.4/Sydney/2012-like virus in human intestinal enteroids in samples collected before and 4 weeks after administration of an investigational norovirus vaccine and were compared with those measured in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays.

RESULTS: Neutralizing antibody seroresponses were observed in 71% of 24 vaccinated adults, and antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < .001) with those measured by HBGA blocking.

CONCLUSIONS: HBGA-blocking antibodies are a surrogate for neutralization in human noroviruses.

Vascular Deficits In Native American Women With Metabolic Syndrome During Dynamic Exercise, Jerene Yazzie, Giselle Quiver, Abraham Gomez, Sydnee Yazzie, Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Native Americans of the Southwest are predisposed to vascular diseases due to health disparate lifestyles influenced by diet, lack of exercise and decreased access to health care. These factors together may be responsible for the co-morbidities developed with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) which are indicators of early onset cardiovascular disease. In a previous study, we evaluated Native Americans (NA) diagnosed with MetSyn or Type II Diabetes and compared the sedentary control NA and Caucasians (CA) during vascular measurements of FMD. We found that NA Control and MetSyn groups exhibited a decrease in vascular function during rate to peak and …

Improvements In Markers Of Fragility After 8-Weeks Of Resistance Training With Instability And/Or Cadence Walking In Persons With Mild To Moderate Parkinson’S Disease, Amanda Jones, Erin Smith, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Lindsay Edwards, Jill Jumper, Susan Teel, Donna Walls, Martha Smallwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), resistance training with instability (RTI) and cadence walking (CW) are effective in improving markers of fragility and motor function. The benefit of combining RTI and CW to markers of fragility and motor function in individuals with PD has not been studied. PURPOSE: to examine the effects of RTI, CW and RTI+CW on markers of fragility (6-minute walk (6MW), timed-up-and-go (TUG), walking speed, stride-to-stride variability and handgrip strength) in individuals with PD. METHODS: individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate PD (N=18 ( 6 female, 12 males); MHY stage=1.53 + 0.50; age = 63.67 …

No Relationship Between Time Spent In Physical Activity And Leg Strength For Older Adults Who Do Or Do Not Meet Acsm Physical Activity Recommendations, Isha Qureshi, Victoria Warren, Rachel M. Graff, Melissa Markofski

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In older adults, skeletal muscle fitness and low quantities of exercise are negatively associated with mortality and functional limitations. The PURPOSE of this study was to determine the relationship between time spent in light or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and leg strength in older adults who do or do not meet ACSM physical activity recommendations. METHODS: Twelve physically active (PA; 62.1±5.0 yrs) and 12 physically inactive (PI; 63.9±5.1 yrs) older adults participated in this study. Accelerometry was used to measure average daily minutes spent in light and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) activity. 8-repetition maximum (8RM) on leg curl, leg press, calf raise, and …

Effects Of Foam Rolling And Static Stretching On Flexibility And Performance Longevity, Jazmin Howard

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Developing flexibility by improving both active and passive range of motion is crucial in many sporting activities. Flexibility aids in performance but it is unsure how long peak performance lasts. PURPOSE: To examine and compare how long the effects of foam rolling and static stretching last by measuring vertical jump performance and hip range of motion at different time increments. METHODS: Fourteen undergraduate division III athletes participated (20.0 ± 1.25 years) in a cross over design. Subjects were foam rolled and static stretched and then had their hip range of motion and vertical jump height measured. Measurements occurred at …

Positive Relationship Between Vo2max And Leg Strength In Healthy Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise, But Not In Those Who Do Not Exercise, Hillary Matthews, Victoria Warren, Rachel M. Graff, Melissa Markofski

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals that are physically active have greater cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle strength than those that are physically inactive. Although VO₂maxis commonly used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness, in older adults, leg strength may also influence VO₂max. The PURPOSE of this study is to examine the relationship between VO₂max and leg strength in physically active vs. physically inactive older adults. METHODS: Twenty-four older adults (12 physically active (PA; 62.1±5.0 yrs), 12 physically inactive (PI; 63.9±5.1 yrs)) performed a two-stage treadmill test to estimate VO₂max. Leg strength was assessed by 8-repitition maximum (8RM) …

Impacts Of Menstrual Cycle Phase On Measures Of Body Composition, Kristina M. Woodford, Abigail R. Champion, Lauren E. Coleman, Heather Webb

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Fluctuations in body weight and water retention are common complaints made by many women as a result of hormonal changes that accompany menstrual cycle (MC). Specific research regarding how the different phases of the menstrual cycle may impact body composition measures have been limited, and typically are examined as a subset of other variables. As lean body tissue is approximately 73% water, fluctuations in body water due to changes in a women’s MC may influence measurements of body composition. PURPOSE: To investigate whether phases of the MC have an impact on common measures of body composition. METHODS: A total of …

Detection Of P2x3 In Drg Using An Automated Approach To Immunoblotting, Jess, Junghoon Lee, Audrey J. Stone, Michelle L. Harrison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exaggerated cardiovascular (CV) responses to exercise can lead to adverse CV events. Previous studies have reported that P2X₃ receptors, found on the peripheral endings of afferents, contribute to an exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in individuals with CV-related diseases. One way to investigate the role played by these receptors in CV pathophysiology is through immunoblotting. The Jess (Protein Simple) provides an automated option for the protein separation and immunoblotting of the traditional Western Blot and allows for total protein staining, an improvement over the use of loading controls to normalize for sample loading variability. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study …

The Role Of University-Required Fitness Courses In Students' Health And Exercise Practices, Haley Turner, Kara Jones, Katelyn Cole, Yunsuk Koh, Heather Hudson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lifetime fitness (LF) classes include exercise, sport, and recreational activity courses. The main purposes of LF classes are to give health education that elicits mental, social, and physical preparation for a lifelong experience of fitness. However, previous research has not extensively investigated the role of LF classes on students’ motivations to exercise during and after completing the course. PURPOSE: To determine whether or not taking an LF class contributes to a student’s motivation to exercise, to determine a motivation for signing up for an LF course, to determine why they chose that specific class, and to determine the degree to …

Pilot Study: Validity Of The Sway Application With Multiple Mobile Devices, Keandra Gray, Brittany Thompson, Jennifer Lancaster

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Sway Application is used to test for concussions inactive populations. Many studies have been conducted using the application testing validity and reliability, but most have used an iPhone or another Apple product. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity of multiple mobile devices using the Sway Medical Application compared to the Biodex Balance System. This study is aimed to test if this application balance component is inclusive to four mobile devices, such as the iPad, iPhone, Android phone, Android Tablet. METHODS: 10 healthy college-age students (4 males, 6 females) from a rural public university …

Jones Fracture, Blake Hyles, Chuck Ruot, Lindsay Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND EXAM: The Jones Fracture is mostly seen as a stress fracture caused by continuous trauma or impact to the lateral portion of the foot. The fracture can also be caused by an acute forceful trauma to the same area. The Jones Fracture is most commonly seen in athletes or chronic runners. Typically, athletes and runners experience the fracture in the non-dominant leg. ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY: The Jones fracture is a fracture in the fifth metatarsal occurring at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. The lateral portion of the foot is affected. Pain, swelling, discoloration, and difficulty in regular gait are …

The Effects Of Acute Resistance Exercise On Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measure Of Body Composition, John W. Barker, Timothy Berreth, Robert Fox, Megan Maldonado, Chase Vancleave, Rachel Wong, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Grant M. Tinsley, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv, Kindyle Brennan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a reference laboratory method for estimating body composition but there are questions concerning the pre-testing guidelines that should be followed to increase validity and reliability of this methodology. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if acute, localized resistance exercise disrupts the validity of DXA total body composition estimates. METHODS: In a crossover design, 18 healthy, resistance-trained, college-aged adults, including 7 females (age: 22.7 ± 1.9 y; height: 165.4 ± 8.4 cm; body mass: 62.1 ± 10.9 kg; body fat: 25.9 ± 7.3%) and 11 males (age: 24.2 ± 4.1 …

Promotoras’ Current Lifestyle Behavior And The Influence On Body Composition And Physical Function, Dana Day, Sonio David Garcia, Alexis Ortiz, Aliyah Medina, Andrea Guerrero, Corina Zamora, Deborah Parra-Medina, Daniel Hughes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: A significant public health problem is the increased quantity of time spent sedentary. Although promotoras, Spanish for community health workers, are being utilized to promote health behaviors along the South Texas-Mexico Rio Grande Valley (RGV) border region, Latinas are among the most physically inactive and obese segment of the US population. The purpose of this study was to identify the current lifestyle behaviors impact on body composition and physical functioning. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of the recorded body position (sitting, standing and recumbent) from an accelerometer versus the percentage of body fat and the estimated cardiorespiratory function …

The Effects Of Acute Resistance Exercise On Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measures Of Body Composition, Rachel Wong, John Barker, Timothy Berreth, Robert Fox, Megan Maldonado, Chase Vancleave, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Grant M. Tinsley, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv, Kindyle Brennan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a popular method of body composition assessment; however, validity of BIA is thought to be highly dependent on adhering to pre-test criteria, including the abstinence from exercise prior to testing. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if acute, localized resistance exercise (RE) compromises the validity of BIA total body composition estimates. METHODS: In a crossover design, 16 healthy, resistance trained adults, including 7 females (age: 22.7 ± 1.9 y; height: 165.4 ± 8.4 cm; body mass: 62.1 ± 10.9 kg; body fat: 25.9 ± 7.3%) and 9 males (age: 24.3 …

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Thermotherapy On Type 2 Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cell Viability And Gene Expression: Pilot Study, Louay Bachnak, Jean Sparks, Xavier F. Gonzales, Daniel Newmire, Felix Omoruyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions of people globally. Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance or a defective secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The skeletal muscle system accounts for 80% of glucose uptake and is a vital player in healthy aging and muscle mass maintenance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gene expression and cell viability in Type 2 Diabetic skeletal muscle. METHODS: Human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) and Diabetic Type 2 human skeletal muscle myoblast (D-HSMM) (Lonza Inc, Walkersville, MD) were cultured until 90% confluency was, …

The Athletic Trainer’S Perspective On Athletics’ Drug Policy And Program At The Junior And Community College Level, Kayla Ewing, Steve Simpson, Andrea Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) has only a position statement in regards to drug testing policy and procedure when compared to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) detailed drug testing program handbook.The NJCAA position statement brings about speculation of how drug testing is monitored and enforced on this level, and if there is a drug education program being implemented by every institution. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to look at the quality of drug policy and intervention programs through the athletic trainer at different institutions within the NJCAA. This considers whether perception of policy and …

The Effects Of Language Barriers On Physical Activity Of “Promotora” Community Health Care Workers In The South Texas-Mexico Border Region, Aliyah Medina, Sonio David Garcia, Alexis Ortiz, Dana Day, Andrea Guerrero, Corina Zamora, Deborah Parra-Medina, Daniel Hughes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) is not only characterized by elevated school drop-out rates, poverty and unemployment, but also physical inactivity, obesity as well as language barriers. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between commonly used self-reported methods compared with objectively measured physical activity amongst community health worker; promotoras. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study, 17 promotoras (adult Latinas) capable of engaging in moderate-vigorous PA. We conducted anthropometric assessments (body mass index (BMI), body fatness (%)), assessed PA (accelerometry, and Jurca non-exercise test), and measured self-reported PA behaviors. RESULTS: Promotoras BMI were similar to other Latina …

Influence Of Fitness On Stress Reactivity As Measured With The Trier Social Stress Test, Andrea Guerrero, Sonio David Garcia, Alexis Ortiz, Dana Day, Rebekah Ortiz, Aliyah Medina, Angelika Lapetoda, Stacy Cantu, Deborah Parra-Medina, Daniel Hughes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Psychosocial stress is associated with multiple health complaints which a higher cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce stress reactivity. A higher level of fitness may assist in the reduction of stress-related risk factors. Limited studies have investigated the health and cortisol response of promotoras’ (Latina community health educators) physical activity (PA) behaviors along the South Texas Mexico Border Region. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of promotoras’ fitness on stress reactivity in promotoras. METHODS: 17 promotoras’ anthropometric measures (body mass index (BMI)), were assessed before performing Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Salivary cortisol was collected before, 10-minutes, …

Physical Fitness And Energy Balance Activity Of “Promotora” Community Health Care Workers In The South Texas-Mexico Border Region, Sonio David Garcia, Alexis Ortiz, Augusto Rodriguez, Aliyah Medina, Angelika Lapetoda, Dana Day, Rebekah Ortiz, Andrea Guerrero, Stacy Cantu, Deborah Parra-Medina, Daniel Hughes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Latinas along the U.S.-Mexico border are among the most physically inactive and obese segment of the U.S. population. There is widespread recognition of the cultural appropriateness of promotoras (community health workers) in health education among Latino communities. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 17 promotoras who reside/work in the region to investigate their physical fitness and energy balance behaviors. Promotoras completed physical testing and self-report on physical activity and dietary behaviors. Participants wore an accelerometer for one week. In addition, the validity of an activity self-report instrument to assess cardiorespiratory fitness was tested. RESULTS: Participants’ average body …

The Effects Of Video Instruction Versus Verbal Instruction On High Intensity Interval Exercise Performance: A Pilot Analysis, Chase Castleberry, David J. Buckley, Sarah Drake, Malcolm T. Whitehead, James R. Rowe Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It has been indicated that music and motivational videos can have a positive impact on high-intensity treadmill performance in trained athletes. It has also been shown that live or recorded video exercise instructions have an overall positive effect on exercise performance accuracy in upper extremity exercises compared to written or verbal instructions in adults with no shoulder pathologies. It is unclear whether exercise instructions given via a home workout video has any effects on non-equipment based high-intensity interval exercise performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercising along with pre-recorded video instructions positively impacts overall exercise …

Disuse Atrophy Occurs Without A Change In Mitochondrial Respiratory Control Ratio During Hindlimb Unloading In Mice, Indu Reddy Enukonda, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, David E. Lee, Jacob L. Brown, Richard A. Perry, Tyrone A. Washington, Nicholas P. Greene, Michael P. Wiggs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle atrophy commonly occurs during prolonged periods of inactivity, however, the precise mechanisms that cause muscle atrophy have yet to be determined. Specifically, a controversy exists on whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or consequence of disuse muscle atrophy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a change in the respiratory control ratio, which is a ratio of maximal O₂ respiration to leak respiration, could be detected prior to muscle atrophy in a time-course study in mice. METHODS: Disuse atrophy was induced using hindlimb unloading (HU) in adult, C57BL/6J male mice for 0 …

Replicating Intermittent Fasting In Human Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Pilot Study, Lael K. Ceriani, Felix Omoruyi, Jean Sparks, Daniel E. Newmire, Xavier F. Gonzales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most common form of diabetes (90-95% of diagnoses), is marked by decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) or a defect in insulin secretion. T2D disrupts nutrient signaling where the body cannot maintain adequate blood glucose levels. Inability to receive glucose in skeletal muscle due to insulin resistance in T2D results in oxidative stress and increased muscle atrophy. Properly regulated glucose uptake is pivotal for healthy aging and maintenance of the skeletal muscle system. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nutrient deprivation on human skeletal muscle metabolism, with an emphasis …

Associations Between Sport Performance Anxiety And Parental Pressure Among Ncaa Division Iii Athletes, Brianna N. Lane, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Earlier studies have examined causes of anxiety among college student athletes, but the relationships among parental pressure and anxiety among college student athletes is less understood. Purpose: To measure the associations among types of parental pressure and sport performance anxiety among NCAA Division III collegiate athletes. Methods: Voluntary student athletes (Female=35, Male= 21) from NCAA Division III sports teams (Softball= 7, Baseball= 8, Volleyball= 8, Basketball= 8, Track & Field= 3, Tennis= 5, Soccer= 9, Multiple sports= 8) answered a modified version of the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 and PISQ (Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire). Questions measured sport performance …

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval Running And Tabata On Post-Exercise Metabolism, Lauren E. Pate

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is unclear how post-exercise metabolism would compare following the completion of 2 different modes of high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effects of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and Tabata when performed at a similar duration and intensity. METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 7; 6F, 1M; age = 22.2 ± 2.1 yrs; body mass = 64.2 ± 12.0 kg; body fat% = 26.2±3.1) completed 1) a rest bout, 2) a Tabata bout using only body callisthenic exercises, and 3) a bout of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) on a motorized treadmill. Participants performed each of the 3 bouts on separate …