Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Covid-19 Pandemic: Role Of Technology In Transforming Business To The New Normal, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

COVID-19 has disrupted our lives and the economy. In this paper, we outline approaches in which information technology can be used to implement business strategies to enhance resilience by coping with, adapting to, and recovering from adversity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss how information technology such as digital supply chain, data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, digital commerce, and Internet of Things can be used to enhance resilience and continuity of business.

Correlation Of Ape1 With Vegfa And Cd163+ Macrophage Infiltration In Bladder Cancer And Their Prognostic Significance, Lin-Ang Wang, Bo Yang, Tang Tang, Yuxin Yang, Dianzheng Zhang, Hualing Xiao, Jing Xu, Luofu Wang, Li Lin, Jun Jiang

PCOM Scholarly Works

The present study sought to estimate the applicability of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression and CD163+ tumor‑associated macrophage (TAM) ratio as prognostic factors in bladder cancer (BCa). A total of 127 patients with bladder urothelial cancer who underwent radical cystectomy at Daping Hospital were recruited between January 2013 and January 2017, including 45 cases of non‑muscle invasive BCa (NMIBC) and 82 of MIBC. Immunohistochemical detection of APE1, VEGFA and CD163, as well as multiple immunofluorescence staining for APE1, VEGFA, CD163 and CD34, were performed on tissue samples. For APE1 and VEGFA, the staining was …

Singapore's Legal And Economic Response To The Covid-19 Crisis: The Role Of Insolvency Law And Corporate Workouts, Aurelio Gurrea-Martinez, Samuel Loh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The international spread of the coronavirus has forced many countries to put their economies into ‘hibernation’, leading to one of the worst recessions observed in modern times. Since Singapore is not isolated from this crisis, the Government had to intervene by adopting a very ambitious package of legal and financial measures to support businesses, households and employees. Among these measures, the Government has implemented various temporary changes to the insolvency legislation, and the use of out-of-court agreements has been encouraged for debtors facing financial trouble. This article argues that, while insolvency law can play an important role in the current …

Understanding The Requisite Content For Interprofessional Education On Sentinel Injuries, A Qualitative Study, Elizabeth A. Cleek

Dissertations (1934 -)

Child maltreatment is a public health concern in the United States. The consequences of child maltreatment pose both immediate and lifelong health threats to victimized children. Given the health consequences of child maltreatment, health care providers (HCPs) are legally required to report any reasonable suspicion of child maltreatment to child protective services (CPS). Sentinel injuries (SIs) are some of the earliest and most readily identifiable red flags of child maltreatment. SIs are any unexpected bruising or intra-oral injuries in non-mobile infants. SIs are highly correlated with child maltreatment and may be the only sign of child maltreatment in an otherwise …

Efficacy Of A Novel Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide In A Porcine Model Of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Thomas E. Sharp, Zhenwei Gong, Amy Scarborough, Eric S. Goetzman, Murtuza J. Ali, Pablo Spaletra, David J. Lefer, Radhika H. Muzumdar, Traci T. Goodchild

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

With the complexities that surround myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, therapies adjunctive to reperfusion that elicit beneficial pleiotropic effects and do not overlap with standard of care are necessary. This study found that the mitochondrial-derived peptide S14G-humanin (HNG) (2 mg/kg), an analogue of humanin, reduced infarct size in a large animal model of MI/R. However, when ischemic time was increased, the infarct-sparing effects were abolished with the same dose of HNG. Thus, although the 60-min MI/R study showed that HNG cardioprotection translates beyond small animal models, further studies are needed to optimize HNG therapy for longer, more patient-relevant periods of cardiac …

Research Provides Evidence For Health Policy In Lao Pdr, Ian Bromage, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Vanphanom Sychareun, Léonie Venroij

Publications

No abstract provided.

Vertical Transmission And Venereal Transmission Of Zika Virus In A Population Of South Texas Aedes Aegypti, Jeremy Marshall

Theses and Dissertations

Zika virus has become a greater global public health concern from the occurrence of outbreaks in 2007 and its expansion to the Americas in 2015. The presence of Aedes aegypti in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and evidence of local transmission of Zika in Brownsville, Texas provides a need to research transmission dynamics of local populations. In these experiments, a locally acquired, laboratory colony of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with a blood meal featuring a Mexican isolate of Zika virus to display vector competency, vertical transmission, venereal transmission. Here, we infected 39 females, with 34 of them displaying evidence …

Congenital Abnormalities Of The Lower Airways And Lungs, Christopher M. Oermann

Presentations

Goals and Objectives. Participants will be able to: Describe the 5 stages of fetal lung development. Summarize the prenatal identification and management of congenital abnormalities of the lower airways and lung (CALAL). Explain the classification of CALAL. Compare the clinical characteristics, pathology, and management of common CALAL. Discuss the long term prognosis of CALAL

Dosimetric Effect When Treating Multiple Lesion Srs Using Vmat With And Without Jaw Tracking, Mindy Bui

Masters Projects

The main purpose of this study was to determine if jaw tracking or non-jaw tracking is the superior technique for patients with multiple brain metastasis that are treated with Volumetric Modulated Radiation Therapy (VMAT) Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). Doses to the organs at risk (OAR) and the target volumes were analyzed using the dose volume histogram (DVH) and dose statistics for each plan. The goal of this study included analyzing the dosimetric effect on the organs at risk and the normal tissue when using jaw tracking versus non jaw tracking. The pros and cons for each technique were identified as well …

Analysis On Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents (12-17 Years) In The Usa, Himani Raturi

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Suicide is one of the leading health concerns in United States among adolescents and the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) is quite high, with ~20-30% of adolescents reporting it at some point. Though we have seen growth and development in the prevention of suicide, there is limited research on the ability to identify the adolescents which might be at risk for SI. The objective behind the project is to identify adolescents with SI using machine learning.

The project shows statistics from different articles on adolescents in the U.S. For this study, adolescent data was taken from NSDUH 2018. Moreover, detailed …

Health Insurance Coverage Disruptions And Cancer Care And Outcomes: Systematic Review Of Published Research, K Robin Yabroff, Katherine Reeder-Hayes, Jingxuan Zhao, Michael T Halpern, Ana Maria Lopez, Leon Bernal-Mizrachi, Anderson B Collier, Joan Neuner, Jonathan Phillips, William Blackstock, Manali Patel

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Lack of health insurance coverage is associated with poor access and receipt of cancer care and survival in the United States. Disruptions in coverage are common among low-income populations, but little is known about associations of disruptions with cancer care, including prevention, screening, and treatment, as well as outcomes of stage at diagnosis and survival.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies of health insurance coverage disruptions and cancer care and outcomes published between 1980 and 2019. We used the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases and identified 29 observational studies. Study characteristics and key findings were abstracted …

Wax Models In Dermatology: Updated Through 2019, Lawrence Parish

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Wax models have occupied an unique position in the teaching of dermatology. While watercolor depictions of skin lesions and later photographic illustrations have been used, the wax model offers an unique presentation of the morphology, often not captured by other methods .

The Membrane Protein Ankh Is Crucial For Bone Mechanical Performance By Mediating Cellular Export Of Citrate And Atp, Flóra Szeri, Stefan Lundkvist, Sylvia Donnelly, Udo F H Engelke, Kyu Rhee, Charlene J Williams, John P Sundberg, Ron A Wevers, Ryan Tomlinson, Robert S Jansen, Koen Van De Wetering

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

The membrane protein ANKH was known to prevent pathological mineralization of joints and was thought to export pyrophosphate (PPi) from cells. This did not explain, however, the presence of ANKH in tissues, such as brain, blood vessels and muscle. We now report that in cultured cells ANKH exports ATP, rather than PPi, and, unexpectedly, also citrate as a prominent metabolite. The extracellular ATP is rapidly converted into PPi, explaining the role of ANKH in preventing ankylosis. Mice lacking functional Ank (Ankank/ank mice) had plasma citrate concentrations that were 65% lower than those detected in wild type control animals. Consequently, citrate …

Bayesian Modelling Of High-Throughput Sequencing Assays With Malacoda., Andrew R Ghazi, Xianguo Kong, Ed S Chen, Leonard C Edelstein, Chad A Shaw

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

NGS studies have uncovered an ever-growing catalog of human variation while leaving an enormous gap between observed variation and experimental characterization of variant function. High-throughput screens powered by NGS have greatly increased the rate of variant functionalization, but the development of comprehensive statistical methods to analyze screen data has lagged. In the massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA), short barcodes are counted by sequencing DNA libraries transfected into cells and the cell's output RNA in order to simultaneously measure the shifts in transcription induced by thousands of genetic variants. These counts present many statistical challenges, including overdispersion, depth dependence, and uncertain …

An Improved Bone Age Assessment Using Advanced Image Processing And Deep Learning Approach, Kim Meng Liang

Student Works (2020-2029)

Pediatricians often apply bone age assessment to measure the skeletal maturity of children and to predict the future height. These discrepancies are good indicators for diagnosing growth disorders. Normally, left hand skeletal is employed in this assessment. The low quality of ossification sites of carpals deteriorates the pediatrician’s visibility in inspecting the pertinent radiographic manifestations. This in turn affects the bone age assessment. Therefore, we have to enhance the quality before assessing them. Histogram equalization is one of the contrast enhancement techniques that suit this type of enhancement. Existing histogram equalizations, however, are confronting with problems in preserving the brightness …

Perspectives On The Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae In Late-Onset Dementia, Brian J. Balin Phd

PCOM Scholarly Works

Purpose of Review

Chronic diseases remain a daunting challenge for clinicians and researchers alike. While difficult to completely understand, most chronic diseases, including late-onset dementias, are thought to arise as an interplay between host genetic factors and environmental insults. One of the most diverse and ubiquitous environmental insults centers on infectious agents. Associations of infectious agents with late-onset dementia have taken on heightened importance, including our investigations of infection by the intracellular respiratory bacterium, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), in late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.

Recent Findings

Over the last two decades, the relationship of this infection to pathogenesis …

Differential Effects Of Buprenorphine/Naloxone Vs. Methadone On Quality Of Life Over Time: A Subset Of The Bravo Study (Buprenorphine To Improve Hiv Care Engagement And Outcomes: A Randomized Trial), Ali Mirzazadeh Javaheri

University Honors Theses

Health-related Quality of Life (QoL) is generally poorer in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in comparison with those suffering from other chronic diseases. Little is known about the difference each buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NX) or methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) may make in the QoL for the HIV-infected people with OUD who are new to HIV care. The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference in the impact that BUP/NX and MMT treatment delivery models make on the QoL of the HIV-infected participants with OUD in Vietnam.

This study was a subset of the BRAVO study, buprenorphine to improve HIV …

J Mich Dent Assoc July 2020

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover story, “Infection Control Checklist for Dental Offices” that offers a user-friendly checklist to help dental team members comply with current infection control regulations and guidelines, using the most recently available science- and clinical-based evidence gathered from multiple health professional resources.
• A feature story on “Minimizing Aerosols with Non-Surgical Approaches to Caries Management".
• “Evidence-Based …

Correlates Of Maternal Health Service Use And Women’S Experiences Using Antenatal Care In Ghana: A Mixed-Methods Study, Anna Cofie

Theses and Dissertations

The pace of improvements in maternal mortality has been slow in Ghana. While Ghana’s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) decreased from 635 per 100,000 live births to 319 per 100,000 live births between 1990 and 2015, the country failed to meet the 75% reduction target set by Millennium Development Goal (MDG) goal 5A, to reduce maternal mortality ratio by 75% between 1990 and 2015. Antenatal care (ANC) is critical to improving maternal morbidity and mortality and child deaths. In 2003, Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance Scheme to ensure that all pregnant women have access to free maternal care, and in …

Function Of Gpr68 In Normal Hematopoiesis And Malignant Hematopoietic Diseases, Xiaofei He

Theses and Dissertations

G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68), as a proton-sensing receptor, is involved in numerous physiological processes. However, its specific functions in normal hematopoiesis and malignant hematopoietic diseases were unknown. Using a genetic loss of function approach (i.e. whole-body Gpr68^-/- mouse model), B lymphocytes were reduced under stressed conditions, such as aging and hematopoietic regeneration. However, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from Gpr68^-/- mice exhibited comparable function as HSC from wild type mice either under steady-state or upon stress. To determine whether the unaltered HSC function of Gpr68^-/- mice was due to compensatory effects of Gpr68 in nonhematopoietic cells, a …

Association Between Urinary Enterolignans As A Marker For Gut Microbiome Diversity And Depression In Nhanes, Marie Knoll

Theses and Dissertations

Depression is a chronic disease which inflicts functional and emotional impairment that has been a growing issue in the United States (US). Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the US and is the leading cause of disability in the world. By 2030, It is projected that major depressive disorder will be the second largest contributor to global burden of disease. Causes of depression are still largely unknown and treatments are often expensive, time consuming, and only available to certain populations. Treatment often requires a combination of medicines and therapy to be effective. In recent years, the gut microbiome …

Narrative Language Among Mothers With The Fmr1 Premutation And Mothers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sara Mousavi

Theses and Dissertations

Difficulties with pragmatic language are known language traits among women with the FMR1 premutation and within the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Our study investigated the narrative cohesion and story grammar organization of spontaneously generated stories produced by mothers with the FMR1 premutation, mothers of children with ASD, and mothers of typically developing children. No group differences were observed in story grammar, overall quality, or frequency of use of temporal devices. But both the mothers of children with ASD and mothers with the FMR1 premutation committed reference errors at a significantly higher frequency than mothers in the control group. This study …

Effectiveness And Experience Of An Integrated Maternal Mental Healthcare Intervention In Private Clinics And Public Health Facilities In Pakistan, Syeda Somyyah Owais

Theses and Dissertations

Maternal depression is often undetected or undertreated at the primary care level. Despite the growing high prevalence of depression among women of childbearing age, the usual primary care practice in Pakistan does not include depression screening. Two facility-based cluster randomized control trials, including a maternal depression intervention component, were conducted within two healthcare settings, private and public primary care facilities in Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of each trial in reducing maternal depression among mothers in the intervention arm compared to the control by analyzing the change in PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) scores from baseline …

Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis And Its Association With Inflammation And Meditarrenean Diet, Tushar Trivedi

Theses and Dissertations

Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS) is associated with 8 to 10% of all strokes in the U.S. Although there is some evidence that in the Asian population inflammation plays a role in asymptomatic ICAS, it has not been shown in the U.S. population. Prior studies have shown associations between diet and regulation of inflammation. Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with lower levels of inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In light of the important role of inflammation in intermediate stroke risk factors including atherosclerotic disease, and potential role of diet in modulating inflammation, understanding individuals’ diets according to their inflammatory properties …

Effectiveness Among Community Health Center Governing Boards: An Assessment Of The Different Governing Board Members’ Perspectives, Brandi L. Wright

Theses and Dissertations

Governing boards of Community Health Centers were created with the anticipation that majority of its members be patients (users) of the Community Health Center they served. This study assessed South Carolina Community Health Center governing board members’ perception and understanding of what they believe their roles and responsibilities are, and their perceived overall effectiveness. It provides a framework for understanding the governance structure of Community Health Centers, based on examining three characteristic areas (Board Function, Board Performance and Board Development) of Community Health Centers located in South Carolina.

This study invited 234 governing board members to obtain members perceptions. Key …

Examining The Organizational Capacity Of Public Libraries That Offer Obesity Prevention Programs, Olivia Whitt

Theses and Dissertations

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) is a federally funded grant program that helps SNAP-eligible populations make healthy choices, like those outlined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Together with implementation agencies (IAs) and local sites, SNAP-Ed provides direct nutrition education and facilitates policy, systems, and environmental strategies (PSEs) such as farmers markets and community gardens. This qualitative research investigated two specific aims: 1.) Understand the elements of organization capacity that influence a public library’s ability to implement obesity prevention programs and 2.) Evaluate the need for library staff public health knowledge …

Complex Syntax Acquisition In Children With Hearing Loss, Marissa Castaldo

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this language sample analysis was to describe complex syntax development in children with hearing loss over the preschool years. The current study addresses the following relevant research questions: Do children with hearing loss have increased performance over preschool years on broad measures of complex syntax? and What are the developmental trajectories on complex syntax in children with hearing loss?

Methods: 9 children with hearing loss participated in a 12-minute language sample following the Hadley Protocol (1998). Each child was tested at age 4 and then again in 6-month intervals until they turned 6. These children with …

Does Marriage, Employment And Having Children Matter? A Secondary Analysis On Physical Activity Levels, Leisure Time Physical Activity, And Social Roles Among Women In The United States, Tramaine Paul Mcmullen

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Social roles, such as being married, employed, or having children, have been shown to have independent negative relationships with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels among women. Increasing the number of women with children that meets physical activity guidelines is critical to reduce chronic disease and early mortality in this population. However, few studies have examined the relationship between holding multiple social roles, MVPA, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among women with children. The study had two aims: 1) to determine the relationship between objectively measured MVPA by social roles and 2) to examine the frequency of specific …

Understanding The Role Of Political Commitment And Coherence Across Sectors And Across National And Sub-National Levels In Enabling Improvements In Nutrition In Rwanda, Elyse Iruhiriye

Theses and Dissertations

Reducing undernutrition is on the political agendas of many low- and middle-income countries. There is general consensus that to improve nutritional outcomes involves actions across the different sectors that influence both the immediate and underlying determinants of optimal nutrition and an enabling environment to support the political and policy processes. Despite renewed attention over the last 15 years, addressing nutrition in a multisectoral way was previously promoted in the 1970’s but failed to have sustained political commitment due to its organizational complexities to plan and implement strategies across sectors.

We conducted an in-depth retrospective case study to understand how Rwanda, …

Determinants Of Nutrition Agenda Setting In The Context Of The Double Burden Of Malnutrition In Tamil Nadu, India, Shilpa Vimalananda Constantinides

Theses and Dissertations

The double burden of malnutrition is increasing in low- and middleincome countries, with economic, social, and health consequences. Policies and programs to address malnutrition at the national and subnational levels reflect the priorities and framing of the problem by the stakeholder community. Previous studies have examined if and how nutrition-related NCDs have been included into national nutrition policy agendas that have historically focused on reduction of undernutrition, but little is known about if or how this process occurs at the subnational level where policies are translated and implemented according to local contexts, priorities, and frames of nutrition-related NCDs.

We aimed …