Life Sciences Commons^™

G87-851 Improving Reproductive Performance And Productivity Of Beef Herds, Gene H. Deutscher

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

NebGuide discusses management practices that can be used to improve reproduction and productivity of beef herds. The major objective of cow-calf producers should be to wean a calf from each cow every year. The average calf crop weaned in Nebraska is estimated at 80 calves weaned per 100 cows in breeding herds. A realistic goal is 90 to 95 calves weaned per 100 cows.

G87-860 How To Interpret The Dhia-230 Somatic Cell Count Report, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide explains how to examine DHIA somatic cell count reports and use them as valuable aids in identifying the major causes of individual herds.

Losses to mastitis are estimated at more than $200 per cow annually. In Nebraska annual losses total more than $20 million dollars.

Experimental Summary 1987, T N. Khan, M Judges, K Young, R Loughman, P A. Portmann, R Gilmour

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Barley

II. Scald and mildrew : Seed dressings and sprayings
(87E26, MT37 and MT38)

III. Scald and mildew : Seed dressing and fungicide coated superphosphates. (87E27, MT39, MT40 and WH40)

IV. Scald and mildew : Fungicides for longer protection (87ES38 and MT41)

V. Mildew : Survey of virulence genes (87ES46, MT56 and PE22)

VI. Spot-type net blotch : Potential crop losses (87C49 and C55)

VII. Spot-type net blotch : Effect of seed dressings (87C49 and C55)

VIII. Spot-type net blotch : Parent-offspring regression (87C51 and C56)

IX. Leaf stripe : Effect of seed dressings (87M42, MT33 and NA74)

Peas

X. …

Barley Agronomy., K. J. Young

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87E6, 87MT45, 87SG11, 87ES8

Locations: Esperance Downs Research Station, Mount Barker Research Station, Salmon Gums Research Station, Melijinup Field Station,

Barley variety x time of planting

To study phenological development and its effect on yield in a range of barley cultivars at four planting dates.

Trial 87E42

Aphicide toxicology x barley variety.

Location: EDRS

To measure the effect of disulfoton (Disyston *R) applied as granules at seeding on barley, to determine if there is any phytotoxicity.

Trial 87ES40, 87E32

Barley variety x cereal aphids.

Location: Malijinup Field Station, Esperance Downs Research Station

To study the development of cereal aphids …

The Computer As A Collection Management Tool, Suzanne B. Mclaren, Hugh H. Genoways, Duane A. Schlitter

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Since the mid-1960s, discussion of computer use for information retrieval in museum collections has usually focused on research potential. Much attention has been given to the idea of networking and the ability to access data across great distances. However, the potential for collection management usage has also proven to be a legitimate rationale for computerization. Numerous aspects of collection management are discussed for which the computer may be employed. Topics include creating cross-reference files, updating taxonomic and geographic information, pinpointing mismatched specimens, locating lost and uncataloged material, controlling loan procedures, producing accession files for insurance purposes, curating all or part …

The Characteristics And Phytogeographic Affinities Of The Flora Of Nine-Mile Prairie, A Western Tall-Grass Prairie In Nebraska, Robert B. Kaul, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Three hundred ninety-two species, subspecies, and varieties have been recorded at Nine-Mile Prairie, a relict tall-grass prairie that has been reduced from 323 to 97 ha in the past 50 years. There are 218 native and 17 introduced herbaceous perennial species, and 73 native and 24 introduced annuals. Analogous numbers for biennials are 15 and 11, for shrubs are 14 and one, for trees are ten and three, and for woody vines are six and none. One hundred twenty-one native species are of central and eastern North American phytogeographic affinity, and 109 are of transcontinental affinity. Seventy-nine of the Prairie's …

Australian Economy, R S. Kingwell, Juliann Lloyd-Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Australian economy has experienced some dramatic changes in economic conditions over the lasdt few years. Low or falling export prices for our main exports, greater volatility in exchange rate movements and an underlying depreciation of the Australian dollar, high real interset rates, high inflation rates compared with our trading partners and a burgeoning foreign debt, are all features of Australias economic situation.

The economic environment affects the rural economy and has major implications of the prospects of Australia's rural industries. Therefore it is important to understand not only the main economic conditions facing Australia, as well as some of …

Product Morphology Of Fatty Products, I. Heertje, M. Leunis, W. J.M. Van Zeyl, E. Berends

Food Structure

In order to relate composition, processing and product properties of fat spreads, a proper description of the microstructure of these products is required . A technique for the observation of the three-dimensional product structure has been developed which allows free observation of the solid crystalline matrix by removing the liquid oil phase from a fat spread with a solvent system. To perform the different preparation steps required in a reproducible and efficient way, a special sample holder was constructed. Application of preformed sintered bronze elements allows free penetration of the organic solvents. In general, reproducible results are obtained with retention …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies Of The Cellular Changes In Raw, Fermented And Dried Cocoa Beans, A. S. Lopez, P. S. Dimick, R. M. Walsh

Food Structure

Cocoa beans are submitted to a curing process of fermentation and drying to develop flavor precursors . The beans must have reached maturity; otherwise, no amount of processing can produce the desired flavor . Early work with cacao cell cultures showed that only when the cells have "matured" co uld a chocolate or cocoa flavor result from further processing. Fermentation is therefore required because unfermented beans may develop little chocolate flavor when roasted . likewise , the outcome of excessive fermentation may also result in unwanted flavor . Thus , the first major post - harvesting phase t o have …

The Crystallization Of Calcium Phosphate At The Surface Of Mould-Ripened Cheeses, B. E. Brooker

Food Structure

Samples of several different types of mouldripened cheese were examined by light and electron microscopy for evidence of calcium phosphate crystallization near their surfaces , which, it was predicted , should result from the pH changes that take place in the rind during ripening . Transmission electron microscopy showed that characteristic convoluted crystals appeared in the rind as mould growth developed and that there was good evidence that at least some of the crystal nucleation was taking place inside effete hyphae. Light microscopy showed that this coincided with the appearance of birefringent, phosphate-rich crystals in the cheese rind which were …

The Size Distribution And Shape Of Curd Granules In Traditional Swiss Hard And Semi-Hard Cheeses, M. Ruegg, U. Moor

Food Structure

Curd granule junction patterns in hard (Emmentaler, Gruyere, Sbrinz) and semi-hard cheeses (Appenzeller , Tilsiter, Raclette) were visualized on slices and examined using light microscopy and digital image analysis. Horizontal and vertical sections were cut in different zones of the loaves, in order to obtain information on the orientation of the flattened curd granules.

The frequency histograms of the cross section areas could in most cases adequately be described as a log-normal distribution. The median values ranged from 0.97 to 1.15 mm2 and, from 1.31 to 1.68 mm2 for hard and semi-hard cheeses, respectively.

An elliptical form factor was used …

Textural Properties And Structure Of Starch-Reinforced Surimi Gels As Affected By Heat-Setting, J. M. Kim, C. M. Lee, L. A. Hufnagel

Food Structure

The gel forming behavior of red hake (Urophycis chuss) surimi with and without starch and its relationship to the structure of the gel matrix were studied. For surimi gels without starch, a combination of preheat- setting at 40 C and cooking at 90 C resulted in significantly greater gel strength than cooking alone. However, preheat - setting of gels containing wheat or potato starch had no significant effect on gel strength demonstrating an opposite trend in gel strength due to the differences in swelling power, water holding ability and gelatinization temperature between potato and wheat starches. This difference in gel …

Influence Of Delignifying Agents On Tissue Structure In Bermudagrass Stems, D. E. Akin, L. L. Rigsby, F. E. Barton, P. Gelfand, D. S. Himmelsbach, W. R. Windham

Food Structure

Permanganate, dioxane, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide, which delignify plant materials, were evaluated for their disruptive action on plant structure, the ir modification of histological reactions for Iignins, and their change in in vitro digestibility by rumen microorganisms of yollng-Tsecond internode from top) and old (fourth and fifth internodes) bermudagrass stems. Epidermis, sclerenchymaring, and vascular tissue (except phloem) gave positive reactions with acid phloroglucinol (AP) or chlorinesulfite (CS) in all samples , whereas cortex and parenchyma in older stems gave a positive reaction with CS. Treatment with delignifying agents reduced the reactions for lignin, with permanganate- treated tissues having the least …

The Microstructure And Rehydration Properties Of The Phoenix Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Sajor Caju) Dried By Three Alternative Processes, Brigitte Li-Shing-Tat, Pavel Jelen

Food Structure

The aim of this investigation was to observe the effects of three drying methods on the microstructure and rehydration properties of the Phoenix Oyster mushroom. Mushrooms were dried at 55C by air-, freeze- and vacuum-drying pilot plant processes. At the microstructural level, the hyphae of the air-dried samples were more flattened and collapsed than the vacuum - and freeze dried samples. The Basidia were distorted by all three treatments to a certain extent, but there seemed to be less damage on the gill surface of the vacuum-dried samples. Appearance, rehydration time and capacity were similar for freeze- and vacuum-dried mushrooms; …

Fluorescence And Light Microscopic Analysis Of Digested Oat Bran, S. H. Yiu, R. Mongeau

Food Structure

The Structural and chemical compositions of digested oat bran were analyzed by fluorescence and other types of light microscopy. The digestion of oat bran was carried out under two conditions - in vitro, by incubation with human saliva, and in vivo, by feeding rats with an oat-bran supplemented diet. Comparison of the digestive breakdown among different structural components of oat bran was conducted by microscopically examining samples obtained from the tents of the large intestine (LIC) of the rats. Results of the examinations revealed that the (1-3) (1-4) - B - D - glucan - rich cell wall of the …

Physical And Molecular Properties Of Lipid Polymorphs - A Review, K. Sato

Food Structure

The physical and molecular properties of the polymorphism of stearic acid, oleic acid and SOS (1.3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol) are comparatively discussed. Temperature dependence of Gibbs energy (G-T relation) of three polymorphs of stearic acid; A, B and C, revealed close relationships to each other. The molecular structures subtly differed in these polymorphs. In contrast, three plymorphs of oleic acid, b , and y exhibited remarkably different characteristics. G-T relation showed more diversified features: in particular, the melting points of 9 and B differ by 3 C. An order-disorder transformation occured between 9 and y, as a result of conformational disordering the …

Effect Of Clotting In Stomachs Of Infants On Protein Digestibility Of Milk, S. Nakai, E. Li-Chan

Food Structure

Differences in clotting between human and cow's milk in the stomachs of infants are discussed. Gastric pH, after ingesting milk, of an infant up to 6 months of age stays at a pH range of 4-5, near the isoelectric point of casein, and never reaches the value of 2, which is found in adults. Pepsin C (or gastricsin) can hydrolyze proteins at this pH range. Gastric emptying time is shorter with human milk than with cow's milk which appears to be correlated to the smaller size of human milk clots. Elimination of a readily coagulable fraction of casein from cow's …

Textural Properties And Microstructure Of Process Cheese Food Rework, Miloslav Kalab, Joseph Yun, Suk Hing Yiu

Food Structure

Process cheese food was made using sodium citrate (2.7%) or trisodium phosphate (TSP, 2.7%) as emulsifying agents. No precooked cheese (rework) was used in some samples whereas in others the rework (20%) consisted of a cheese blend emulsified with sodium citrate (2.7%) and (a) briefly heated to 82 degrees C, (b) heated to 82 degrees C for 1 h, (c) heated to 82 degrees C for 5 h, and (d) heated to 82 degrees C for 5 h, frozen at -10 degrees C for 24 h, and thawed at +4 degrees C. Heating for extended periods of time produced so-called …

Internal Porosity Of Corn Extrudate Air Cell Wall, Samuel H. Cohen, Charles A. Voyle

Food Structure

Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe structures within the air cell wall of a corn-based extrudate. Modified fixation and embedding techniques were employed to obtain optimum thin sections. Photomicrographs from these sections showed minute air cells measuring approximately 5 um or less. The size of air cells might impose a limiting factor on the infusion of particulate materials throughout the extrudate matrix.

Old-Field Succession On A Minnesota Sand Plain, R S. Inouye, Nancy J. Huntly, D Tilman, J R. Tester, M Stillwell, K C. Zinnel

Biology Faculty Publications

Vegetation and soils were sampled in 22 old fields ranging in age from 1 to 56 yr since abandonment. Soil nitrogen concentration increased significantly with field age. Vegetation cover, total aboveground plant biomass, and litter cover increased significantly with soil nitrogen. Light penetration to the soil surface was negatively correlated with total plant biomass. Field age and soil nitrogen concentration were used as independent variables in simple regression and partial correlation analyses to determine the relative importance of such time—dependent processes as dispersals vs. the availability of a limiting resource (nitrogen) as predictors of patterns in species richness or the …

Influence Of Rufuging Consumers (Pikas: Ochotona Princeps) On Subalpine Meadow Vegetation, Nancy J. Huntly

Biology Faculty Publications

Talus slopes in western North America frequently are bordered by vegetation that differs in biomass, cover, height, and species composition from vegetation located farther from talus. These areas are grazed by pikas (Ochotona princess, which nest in that talus. Foraging theory predicts that pikas will produce a gradient of grazing pressure, which could produce the observed vegetational zonation. In a subalpine meadow in west-central Colorado, pikas produced the predicted gradient of grazing pressure, along which plant groups varied clinally in abundance. The effects of pikas on talus-border vegetation were tested by excluding pikas from small plots at several distances from …

The Association Of Seed And Cone Predator Populations And Cone Crop Production In Engelmann Spruce, Dawn E. Cameron

T.W. "Doc" Daniel Experimental Forest

Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) exhibits cone crop periodicity, producing seed in a cyclic pattern. Variation in seed production has been noted between individuals of a population, but synchronization on a large scale is common. The theory that ultimately these periodic large cone crops have resulted from the selective pressures of seed and cone predators, referred to as the predator satiation hypothesis, is considered. Assuming predator pressures have operated over evolutionary time to select for periodic synchrony, associations between seed and cone predators and cone crop production levels were anticipated. These potential consequences of predator satiation were examined. …

Effect Of Air-Supersaturated Sea Water On Argopecten Irradians Concentricus (Say) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna

VIMS Articles

Argopecten irradians concentricus and Crassostrea virginica were exposed to several different levels of supersaturated seawater at temperatures ranging from 10 to 2!°C. Gas bubble trauma occurred at a total gas saturation level of 116%, causing mortality in juvenile A. i. concentricus and reduced growth in juvenile C. virginica.

Physiological Changes In Portulacaria Afra (L.) Jacq. During A Summer Drought And Rewatering, Lonnie J. Guralnick, Irwin P. Ting

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The changes of titratable acidity, enzyme activity, water status, and pigment composition were studied in Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq. during a normal summer drought and rewatering. Two groups of plants were grown outside under a clear plastic canopy with water stress initiated at 2-week intervals in May 1986. Drought resulted in a linear decrease of fresh weight for 80 days and there was no further fresh weight change for the next 65 days. Nocturnal CO(2) uptake remained measurable for 83 days. Cessation of exogenous CO(2) uptake corresponded to the point where the pressure potential (Psi(p)) became zero. Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) …

Flowers Fashion Show 1986-1987, Mandarin Garden Club

Mandarin Garden Club Scrapbooks

Flower Fashion Show scrapbook includes images and news articles . Cover material: Cardboard. Size: 11.75” x 10 x 1.0625

Scrapbook 1959, Mandarin Garden Club

Mandarin Garden Club Scrapbooks

Scrapbook includes images, club news and news clippings. Scrapbook also includes items from the early to mid 1960s. A History of the Mandarin Garden Club is included that covers the beginning through 1987. Cover material: Cardboard. Size: 11.5” x 10.06” x 1.5”.

A Multispecies Aggregation Of Cirrate Octopods Trawled From North Of The Bahamas, Michael Vecchione

VIMS Articles

Two cruises in the western North Atlantic collected 38 trawl samples between the Bahamas and New England. Of the 22 cirrate octopods taken in these samples, 17 came from the area north of the Bahamas. Pooled catch rate (specimens per hour of bottom trawling time) was significantly higher north of the Bahamas than in any other area sampled. Although the taxonomy of these gelatinous benthopelagic cephalopods is not yet settled, morphological characters from these specimens indicate that this aggregation includes at least four species. Only one species (Cirrothauma murrayi) was widely distributed in these samples.

Aspects Of The Biology Of Virginia's Sea Turtles: 1979-1986, J. A. Keinath, J. A. Musick, R. A. Byles

VIMS Articles

Research has been carried out on sea turtles in Chesapeake Bay and adjacent waters since 1979. Chesapeake Bay supports populations of juvenile loggerhead, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus) and Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempi (Garmon) sea turtles during summer. Data from our aerial surveys and biotelemetry studies show that turtles migrate northward from south of Cape Hatteras and enter the Bay during spring. We estimate between 2000 and 10,000 loggerheads utilize the Bay during summer, where they forage for abundant invertebrate fauna. Fifty to 200 sea turtles strand dead on shore each year. At least one-third of the deaths are attributable to human …

Comparative Attachment, Growth And Mortalities Of Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Spat On Slate And Oyster Shell In The James River, Virginia, D. S. Haven, J. M. Zeigler, J. T. Dealteris, J. P. Whitcomb

VIMS Articles

Slate was investigated as a substitute for oyster shells which are used as a substrate for oyster spat (Crassostrea virginica) settlement in James River, Virginia oyster repletion programs. Oyster shells and slate fragments were planted on adjacent plots in two submerged locations about 825 m apart in July 1984. Quantitative .093 m2 (one ft2) samples were collected by a diver on seven occasions through July 1985, with additional samples collected from teh natural oyster bottoms adjacent to the two areas. Percent mortality, growth and numbers of live spat and spat scars (dead spat) per unit area of bottom were determined. …

New And Corrected Records Of The Flora Of Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

New distributional data are provided for 27 species of vascular plants in Nebraska, eight newly recorded as growing wild in the State. The record of one species previously attributed to the State is shown to be based upon misidentified specimens, the range of another is shown to be much more restricted in Nebraska than previously reported, and nomenclature is corrected for two species.