Life Sciences Commons^™

Conflicting Discourses Of Participatory Postdevelopment In Community-Led Total Sanitation, Shaina M. Pomerantz Kasper

Honors Projects

The development community perceives the current “sanitation crisis” to be remedied with water, sanitation and hygiene initiatives. While the participatory process of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) incorporates community involvement, it still imposes globalized sanitation norms and a dominant external worldview. Using discourse analysis of the CLTS handbook, I argue that CLTS structurally advocates for continuing local hierarchies, promotes external technologies, enforces the power of outside development facilitation, and creates a new sanitation paradigm. Communities continue to resist sanitation development such as CLTS because of its top-down structure. I conclude by offering policy recommendations to improve the CLTS process.

Exploring The Sulfide Tolerance Of Ectosymbiotic Niphargus Amphipods From The Frasassi Caves, Central Italy, Jan Bauermeister, Karoline Assig, Sharmishtha Dattagupta

International Journal of Speleology

Two species of the crustacean amphipod genus Niphargus inhabit the sulfidic groundwaters of the Frasassi caves in central Italy, and both harbor filamentous, sulfide-oxidizing Thiothrix ectosymbionts. As sulfide is toxic to most aerobic organisms, it appeared possible that the ectosymbionts could help their Niphargus hosts with detoxification processes. In this study, mortality due to sulfide was compared between Niphargus individuals with ectosymbionts and individuals whose ectosymbionts had been killed by antibiotic treatment. Both Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus species revealed exceptionally high tolerances to sulfide compared to other amphipod species studied so far. Niphargus individuals without viable ectosymbionts tolerated sulfide levels exceeding those ...

Molly: The Not So Convincing Truth Of Mdma, Alison Cromer

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

This article discusses the schedule classification and effects of MDMA. The potential damage, therapeutic effects and reclassification of MDMA are examined in a new perspective that challenges past notions which lead to it's scheduling as a class one drug.

History Of Phrenology, Selena Aston

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

Though phrenology is no longer considered a valid method of studying the brain, it did raise interesting questions that still help drive neuroscientific research today. This paper outlines the history of phrenology, and the contributions it made to the field of neuroscience.

Schizophrenia: Then And Now, Christina Lee

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

The term "schizophrenia" was introduced over 100 years ago and it is a psychological disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality as well as a disruption of thought, perception, mood, and movement. Throughout the years, a lot of information has been uncovered but there is still a lot of progress to be made in terms of understanding its etiology and in creating effective treatment options.

The Progression Of A Disease: An Overview Of Schizophrenia, Lucas Stone

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

Schizophrenia is a largely undiscovered disease. Researchers haven't discovered a mechanism for effects and they still do not completely know how it affects the brain. The COMT gene as well as the epigenetic regulation of certain glutaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmitters have been proposed as possible causes for Schizophrenia, but like most research of this disease, it is not proven. The treatment for this disease has gotten better, but there still is not one that does not involve altering the natural processes of the brain.

Schizophrenia: Then And Now, Christina Lee

Sound Neuroscience Temporary

The term "schizophrenia" was introduced over 100 years ago and it is a psychological disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality as well as a disruption of thought, perception, mood, and movement. Throughout the years, a lot of information has been uncovered but there is still a lot of progress to be made in terms of understanding its etiology and in creating effective treatment options.

History Of Phrenology, Selena Aston

Sound Neuroscience Temporary

Though phrenology is no longer considered a valid method of studying the brain, it did raise interesting questions that still help drive neuroscientific research today. This paper outlines the history of phrenology, and the contributions it made to the field of neuroscience.

Molly: The Not So Convincing Truth Of Mdma, Alison Cromer

Sound Neuroscience Temporary

This article discusses the schedule classification and effects of MDMA. The potential damage, therapeutic effects and reclassification of MDMA are examined in a new perspective that challenges past notions which lead to it's scheduling as a class one drug.

Reexamination Of Herpetofauna On Mormon Island, Hall County, Nebraska, With Notes On Natural History, Keith Geluso, Mary J. Harner

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The Platte River in central Nebraska, USA, was historically surrounded by mixed grass and tallgrass prairies and wet meadows, but many of those habitats were lost or altered during the last century with unknown effects on animals that reside in them. Researchers first surveyed herpetofauna on part of a large island preserve in the Platte River, Mormon Island, Hall County, Nebraska, in 1980 when the land was protected for conservation. They documented 10 species, including three species of amphibians and seven species of reptiles. We inventoried herpetofauna after 30 years of conservation management on Mormon Island and adjacent Shoemaker Island ...

A Polyglot Approach To Bioinformatics Data Integration: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hiv-1, Steven Reisman, Catherine Putonti, George K. Thiruvathukal, Konstantin Läufer

Computer Science: Faculty Publications & Other Works

RNA-interference has potential therapeutic use against HIV-1 by targeting highly-functional mRNA sequences that contribute to the virulence of the virus. Empirical work has shown that within cell lines, all of the HIV-1 genes are affected by RNAi-induced gene silencing. While promising, inherent in this treatment is the fact that RNAi sequences must be highly specific. HIV, however, mutates rapidly, leading to the evolution of viral escape mutants. In fact, such strains are under strong selection to include mutations within the targeted region, evading the RNAi therapy and thus increasing the virus’ fitness in the host. Taking a phylogenetic approach, we ...

Feminist Phenomenology, Embedded Embodied Cognition, And [Pseudo] Scientific Gender Claims, Veronica Vasterling

Future Directions in Feminist Phenomenology

No abstract provided.

From Armchair To Wheelchair: How Patients With A Locked-In Syndrome Integrate Bodily Changes In Experienced Identity, Marie-Christine Nizzi

Future Directions in Feminist Phenomenology

No abstract provided.

Intracellular Bacillary Burden Reflects A Burst Size For Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Vivo, Teresa Repasy, Jinhee Lee, Simeone Marino, Nuria Martinez, Denise E. Kirschner, Gregory M. Hendricks, Stephen P. Baker Mscph, Andrew A. Wilson, Darrell N. Kotton, Hardy Kornfeld

GSBS Student Publications

We previously reported that Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers macrophage necrosis in vitro at a threshold intracellular load of ~25 bacilli. This suggests a model for tuberculosis where bacilli invading lung macrophages at low multiplicity of infection proliferate to burst size and spread to naïve phagocytes for repeated cycles of replication and cytolysis. The current study evaluated that model in vivo, an environment significantly more complex than in vitro culture. In the lungs of mice infected with M. tuberculosis by aerosol we observed three distinct mononuclear leukocyte populations (CD11b(-) CD11c(+/hi), CD11b(+/lo) CD11c(lo/-), CD11b(+/hi) CD11c(+/hi)) and neutrophils hosting ...

Expression Of Itgb8 In Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is Highly And Directly Correlated With The Severity Of Coronary Atherosclerosis, Nancy Lee, Sarah M. Nicoloro, Juerg R. Straubhaar, Melinda Darrigo, Stanley Tam, Michael P. Czech, Timothy P. Fitzgibbons

Senior Scholars Program

Background: In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been shown to express increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα) and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective adipokines. However, it is not known whether or not inflammation in EAT is a primary cause or a secondary response to atherosclerosis. In order to better understand this pathophysiology, we tested the hypothesis that expression of certain genes in EAT would correlate with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in gene expression in epicardial ...

Diterpene Modulator Of Macrophage Phagosomal Maturation, Reuben J. Peters, David G. Russell, Francis M. Mann

Iowa State University Patents

Novel uses for diterpene modulators of macrophage phagosomal maturation are provided. The diterpene isotuberculosinol is used as an immune modulator, assay for pharmaceutical compositions and an isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis labdane-related diterpenoid virulence factor. A method of treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectivity is further provided.

Phytochemistry Predicts Habitat Selection By An Avian Herbivore At Multiple Spatial Scales, Graham G. Frye, John W. Connelly, David D. Musil, Jennifer S. Forbey

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Animal habitat selection is a process that functions at multiple, hierarchically structured spatial scales. Thus multi-scale analyses should be the basis for inferences about factors driving the habitat selection process. Vertebrate herbivores forage selectively on the basis of phytochemistry, but few studies have investigated the influence of selective foraging (i.e., fine-scale habitat selection) on habitat selection at larger scales. We tested the hypothesis that phytochemistry is integral to the habitat selection process for vertebrate herbivores. We predicted that habitats selected at three spatial scales would be characterized by higher nutrient concentrations and lower concentrations of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs ...

Influence Of Transplanter Modification And Previous Crop On The Production Of No-Till Dark Tobacco, William Frazier Penick

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Dark tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has historically been produced using
conventional tillage practices. Soil is cultivated multiple times throughout a growing season leading to an increased incidence of soil erosion. No-till systems have been growing in popularity with the advent of new technology that has enabled the practice to be performed effectively and efficiently. With the recent expansion of no-till practices throughout the agricultural community, many crops have had success in producing comparable yields while reducing input costs and saving soil resources. For this experiment, a traditional tobacco transplanter was modified for use in a no-till environment. All modifications were ...

Res Rep 12-04 Standard Bioassessment Procedures For Evaluating Ecological Restoration In Southeastern Hardwood Bottomlands, Mattew J. Gray, Elizabeth A. Summers

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

No abstract provided.

Sp731-F Competition Control In Native Warm-Season Grasses Grown For Livestock Forage In The Mid-South, Patrick Keyser, Craig Harper, Gary Bates

Animals/Livestock

No abstract provided.