Life Sciences Commons^™

Forage Grass Growth Habit And Allelopathy In Birdsfoot Trefoil Germination And Establishment, Nathan El Blake

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (BFT) is a high quality, tanniniferous forage legume that has been shown to mitigate gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in sheep. Reliable establishment of birdsfoot trefoil in existing pastures is difficult due to BFT’s poor seedling vigor, susceptibility to crown and root rot, and, perhaps chiefly, competition from other pasture plants. Most existing pastures in the Northeastern United States are primarily composed of cool-season grasses, many of which can be highly competitive. A common form of interplant competition is allelopathy, which occurs when secondary metabolites produced by a plant inhibit a necessary growth process of …

Discrimination Between Six Commercially Relevant And Ecologically Diverse Fish Species Across The Gulf Of Tunis Using Fatty Acid Composition And Otolith Shape Analyses, Nawzet Bouriga, Wafa Rjiba Bahri, Safa Bejaoui, Madel F. Adjibayo Houeto, Adel A. Basyouny Shahin, Jean-Pierre Quiganrd, Monia Trabelsi, Abderraouf Ben Faleh

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Fatty acid composition and otolith shape variation of six commercially important fishes, which differ ecologically in their living and feeding habits across the Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia, were analyzed. The aims were to investigate the discrimination and relationship between the six species using both fatty acid composition and otolith shape to examine whether variability in fatty acid composition is consistent with variation in otolith shape and check whether otoliths shape and fatty acids composition have combined characteristic signals for these species. Tukey's test with one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences in total percentages of saturated (SFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), and monounsaturated (MUFAs) …

Groundwater Governance And Agricultural Sustainability: Examining Farmer Interactions With California’S Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, Zachary Matthew Goldstein

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Climate change has exacerbated groundwater depletion globally, and policymakers have struggled to effectively manage groundwater resources. California enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) in 2014 to restore groundwater to sustainable levels.

The first paper of this thesis examines the drivers associated with uptake of groundwater conservation practices in agriculture. While a rich body of research has explored farmers’ conservation practice adoption, understanding of groundwater conservation practices is more limited. This study explores how information sources influence the actual and intended adoption of groundwater management practices in California. Using survey data from farmers (n = 553) in three largely agricultural …

Reorienting Local Housing Development Trends Via Land Value Taxation: A Bottom-Up And Top-Down Quantitative Analysis, Dakota B. Walker

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The region surrounding Burlington, Vermont is in the midst of sparse, decentralized growth which threatens the sense of place from which it has thrived. Many have argued that such development tendencies result from a disconnect between land use incentives at the individual level and the fruits of compact settlement, which materialize at larger scales. Two overarching problems are understood to contribute to this disconnect; the ability to privately appropriate the collectively-created value of land, and the inability to recognize ecological opportunity costs of natural land conversion in land use decisions. One proposed solution is the Land Value Tax (LVT). By …

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Humboldt Journal of Microbiology

No abstract provided.

Kom-Butcher Of Pathogens, Mel Peña, Yazmin Chamu, Laura Lea Davis

Humboldt Journal of Microbiology

The antimicrobial properties of kombucha are not well understood, but it is believed that they can be used against foodborne pathogens. In this study, its effectiveness was tested against two common food-borne and one yeast pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus, and C. auris). Three popular store-bought kombuchas (GT Synergy, Moss Beach, and Health-Aide Raw) and one home-brewed kombucha were used to study the antimicrobial properties of kombucha. Several nutrient broth tubes were individually inoculated with the microbes in question and were treated with kombucha (Figures 1-3). There were indications of bacteria settling at the bottom of all tubes except the …

Fostering Socio-Ecological Resilience To Wildfire By Interconnecting Knowledge Systems At Cal Poly Humboldt, Jeffrey M. Kane, Erin Kelly, Benjamin Graham, David Greene

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

The wildfire-related challenges of Northern California and many other regions in the western United States are daunting in scope and magnitude. Ecologically and culturally salient solutions that limit the negative impacts of wildfire and promote resilience of human and ecological systems will require newer approaches. Through Cal Poly Humboldt and the Fire Resilience Institute, there is greater emphasis on the interconnection of knowledge systems across education, training, research, and management. Here we highlight several on-going efforts that seek to enhance the fire resilience workforce, promote socio-ecological resilience through interdisciplinary projects, and inform management through monitoring and research projects that intentionally …

Characterization Of Parp1-Dependent Poly-Adp-Ribosylation Of Sprtn, Quincee Simonson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are a type of DNA lesion that form when proteins become covalently linked to DNA. It is estimated that replicating cells experience approximately 6,000 DPCs per day per genome during exponential growth (Ruggiano & Ramadan, 2021). If left unrepaired, DPCs can be lethal to cells. For this reason, cells have evolved multiple pathways to repair or bypass DPCs to survive. One such pathway involves SPRTN, a nuclear metalloprotease that plays a key role in the repair of DPCs through direct proteolysis (Lopez-Mosqueda et al., 2016; Vaz et al., 2016). Once SPRTN degrades the bulky protein component of …

Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Ai-Powered Image Analysis And Innovative N-Rich Spot Method, Bobby Azad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study conducted in 2023 aimed to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat and corn grown in South Dakota. Based on dynamic weather conditions and other factor interactions, conventional nitrogen (N) recommendations need to be improved. Soil properties information, including electrical conductivity, was used to create management zones. In each zone, three N-rich spots were established as biosensors. Drones and satellites collected imagery data, and an AI-driven approach assessed the crop response to applied N. A dynamic N application approach, integrating aerial data with historical records, was developed and evaluated. Our methodology, at a 95% confidence level, resulted in …

In-Vivo Assessment Of A Direct-Fed Microbial On Lactation Performances, Blood Biomarkers, Ruminal Fermentation And Microbial Abundance In Transition To Mid-Lactation Holstein Cows, Marcela Bulnes Lopez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The transition period is a crucial stage in the lactation cycle and can lead to significant metabolic changes in cows. The use of nutritional interventions, such as direct-fed microbials, may assist cows during the transition from pregnancy to early lactation, reducing the occurrence of metabolic disorders and improving overall health. The primary goal of this study was to assess the effects of a commercial rumen-derived directfed microbial (DFM) product (Galaxis™ Frontier (GF) Native Microbials Inc., CA, USA) on various factors such as performance, blood biomarkers, rumen fermentation, and bacterial population in dairy cows during the transition period up to 100 …

Evaluation Of Precision Ingredient Inclusion On Production Efficiency Responses In Finishing Beef Cattle, Santana R. Hanson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two randomized complete block design feedlot experiments were conducted over the course of two years. These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 1) evaluate the observed-to-expected ratio for ingredient inclusion using no commodity inclusion assistance technology or using commodity inclusion assistance technology; and 2) evaluate the influence that varying degrees (highly variable at random or 0.454 kg asfed tolerance for each ingredient) of accuracy on ingredient inclusion have on growth performance, carcass traits, efficiency of dietary NE utilization, and ingredient inventory management in finishing beef cattle. Experiment 1 used single source Black Angus heifers (n = 60; initial …

Fungicide Sensitivity In P. Tritici-Repentis Diverse Population And Phenotyping Of Spelt Wheat For Multiple Diseases, Zunera Shabbir

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pyraclostrobin, a QoI fungicide, is extensively used in the management of fungal leaf spot diseases. In this study, 215 P. tritici-repentis isolates collected from wheat fields in South Dakota were evaluated for their sensitivity to Pyraclostrobin. Of 215 isolates, 48 isolates (22%) exhibited insensitivity based on G143A mutation and EC50 values using spore germination assay. Our results indicate reduced sensitivity to insensitivity to pyraclostrobin in some isolates suggesting regular monitoring of the P. tritici-repentis population to QoI fungicides is essential to track the evolution of insensitive population. Spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) is an ancient cereal that is gaining small …

Would Ai Stocks Estimate Be As Surprised To Usda Stocks Reports As Private Market Analysts?, Asif Mahmud Chowdhury

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The USDA survey-based Quarterly Agriculture Stocks (QAS) reports are the primary source of information regarding the relative supply of U.S. corn, soybeans, and wheat for the last fifty years. Research has examined USDA stock reports and their relevancy to the market (e.g., Isengildina-Massa et al., 2021). In addition, private industry analysts estimate expected quarterly grain stock reports before USDA releases them. Market information firms such as Bloomberg and Reuters publish a subset of these estimates a few days before the USDA reports. Previous research has found that when industry analysts have significant differences in stock expectations compared to what the …

Indigenous Toxin Affects Cell Viability, While An Artificial Proteolytic Queueing Causes The Upregulation Of Specific Genes, Mohammed Salahuddin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studying bacterial physiology is crucial to understand the fundamental mechanisms that govern bacterial growth, survival, and adaptation. This thesis combines two chapters investigating bacterial physiology by studying important cellular processes like bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems and proteolytic pathways. The first chapter involves studying bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems to understand the regulation and function of hypothetical toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of bacteria and the effects of these TA systems on bacterial growth and survival. The emergence of these genetic modules in bacterial research and the unrevealing of some of their important roles in cell physiology in recent years has drawn much attention in scientific …

On Evaluation Of The Indian Standard Topography Factor For Design Wind Speed On Escarpments, Abdul Haseeb Wani, Rajendra Kumar Varma, Ashok Kumar Ahuja

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Standards on wind loads of various countries give wind loading map of respective country in which basic wind speeds are mentioned. Design wind speeds for designing buildings and other structures are evaluated by the structural designers from these basic wind speed values by incorporating many factors. One of these factors taken into consideration is for the local topography effect such as escarpments and hills. Standards on wind loads including Indian Standard give certain recommendations for the same. However, the steps involved in evaluating relevant modification factor for local topography as given in Indian Standard on Wind Loads are many. An …

Liquid Waste Treatment For Sustainable Tapioca Industry: A Comparison Between Biogas And Liquid Sugar, Lilik Sulistyowati, Novi Andareswari, Rifqi Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nurul Amri Komarudin, Yuni Yolanda

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

There have been many studies examining the processing of tapioca wastewater. However, most studies have only researched at a laboratory scale without considering whether the treatment is appropriate. The study's purpose is to compare the processing technology of biogas and liquid sugar using technical, environmental, social, and cost-benefit analysis criteria to determine the appropriate technology to be applied. Literature study, observation, and interviews were used to determine the characteristics of each criterion. Cost-benefit analysis is calculated using the R/C Ratio. Furthermore, priority determination is carried out using the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE) using assessments from environmental and industrial experts on …

Disintegration Evaluation Of Mudrock Fragment Through Wet-Dry Cycle By Quantitative Indices, Misbahudin Misbahudin, Dian Yesy Fatimah, Elfarino Trizani

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The disintegration of mudrock during moisture content change caused severe cases in several engineering works in Indonesia. One interesting site is Hambalang, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The wetting and drying cycle is the easiest and fastest test to evaluate disintegration. After undergoing the process, samples of mudrocks disintegrate into smaller fragments. This paper evaluated the characteristics of the slaked material of mudrock by quantitative indices. The mudrock evaluated in this study underwent rapid disintegration in a short period, indicated by megascopic description and quantitative indices. In addition, evolutionary disintegration up to eight cycles has the same characteristics as the …

A State Space Modeling Approach To Eeg Artifact Removal, Patrick B. Rafael

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

In this work, a state space modeling approach is applied to an Electroencephalography(EEG) recording for the purpose of artifact removal, and is compared against Independent Components Analysis (ICA), the current gold standard. Issues of model identifiability are touched on, and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is used to estimate a linear non-Gaussian state space model. Results show that estimating such a model is a nontrivial matter, and the full utility of the state space approach remains to be demonstrated.

Multi-Chamber Silencer Composed Of Screw-Perforated Tubes And Straight-Perforated Tubes, Tian-Syung Lan, Min-Chie Chiu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The use of silencers to reduce noise is mandatory due to severe hearing damage caused by high venting noise in the engine room of ocean-going vessels. While straight and perforated tubes have been used as acoustical elements in traditional silencer design, studies have shown that the acoustical design still requires improvement. To enhance acoustical efficiency, the use of multi-chamber mufflers is proposed composed of screw and perforated tubes. Additionally, a mathematical finite element model built for acoustical simulation using the COMSOL program expedites the analysis of silencers with complicated acoustical elements. A sensitivity analysis of transmission loss concerning the geometric …

Methanol As An Eco-Environmental Alternative Fuel For Ships: A Case Study, Samar K. Sallam, Mohamed M. Elgohary, Ibrahim S. Seddiek

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Global emissions of Green House Gases and air pollutants are significantly influenced by shipping. Diesel fuel use for energy production is primarily responsible for these emissions. The substitution of traditional marine diesel oil with methanol as a marine fuel is recommended in this study. Moreover, the methanol-diesel dual-fuel engine's environmental and financial benefits are investigated numerically. A cruise passenger ship named Costa Toscana has been evaluated as a case study. Based on the data, the suggested dual-fuel engine reduces emissions of CO2, NOx, SOx, and PM by 25.7%, 38.46%, 45%, and 45%, respectively, with a cost-effectiveness of 286.5, 6645, 268403.4, …

Coastal Traffic Safety Index Based On Marine Accident And Traffic Records, Joohwan Kim, Sang-Lok Yoo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

In this study, a comprehensive index for evaluating the degree of coastal traffic safety by simultaneously considering marine accident frequency, severity, and traffic volume was considered. To do so, the concept of Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO), which is widely used in the road transportation industry, was benchmarked to assess both frequency and severity of accidents. In addition, the total sailing distance of ships was chosen as a variable to explain traffic volume. Finally, a composite performance indicator called "M-EPDO per nautical mile" was built up, enabling the safety performance score for each type of ships in three criteria: on-board …

Path Planning Of Uav Navigation Mark Inspection Using A K-Means Clustering Aca, Jiaqi Li, Weifeng Li, Wenting Zhang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

With increasing speeds and application of artificial intelligence in the shipping industry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been applied to navigation mark inspections to improve the inspection efficiency and safety. Aimed at the UAV path planning problem of navigation mark inspection, this paper proposes an improved K-means clustering ant colony algorithm (KCACA) to design the shortest route for UAV navigation mark inspections. First, the K-means algorithm and the UAV maximum flight distance were used to cluster the navigation marks, which were then split into several secondary clusters. Each cluster was regarded as an independent traveling salesman problem to be …

Collision Risk Prediction For Small Ships In South Korea Via Optimization Of Wireless Communication Period, So-Ra Kim, Myoung-Ki Lee, Sangwon Park, Dae-Won Kim, Young-Soo Park

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Since the emergence of COVID-19, there has been a global surge in demand for marine leisure activities. In Korea, the population using marine leisure has risen approximately 192% to 20,406 people, compared to 6,966 people in the year 2000, indicating a continuous growth over the past two decades.. Maritime transportation has become increasingly intricate worldwide due to the development of increasingly autonomous, larger, and faster ships. To effectively address potential hazards in such complex traffic environments, it is imperative to anticipate future scenarios and respond rapidly. However, small vessels account for the highest proportion of marine accidents, exhibit movements that …

A Methodology For Statistical Mean Wave Climate Regime Characterisation In Oceanic Islands: The Case Of The Southern Coast Of Tenerife, Emilio Megías, Manuel García-Román

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Oceanic islands of volcanic origin tend to have peculiar characteristics, such as: exposure to many wave directions; grouping in archipelagos; steep coastal slopes; and small coastal shelves. All these features require certain considerations in wave climate studies. These types of studies, when wave spectra are not available and have to be performed with parametric data, can be unreliable without an adequate systematic treatment. In this work we propose a methodology consisting of pre-classification according to the peak period and subsequent separation into different sectors according to the geographical fetch. The island of Tenerife is the case study, and in particular …

Geohash-Based Arrangement Of Live-Fire Exercise Areas Using Ais, Sang-Lok Yoo, Cho-Young Jung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Live-fire exercise (LFX) areas at sea threaten the safety of ships, whereas, and indiscriminately abandoned unexploded bombs threaten the lives of fishermen. No statistical or scientific research has been conducted on the appropriate locations for LFX areas. Therefore, this study proposes a method for effectively arranging the LFX areas at sea that considers the safety of passing ships and national security. First, the proposed method classifies ship tracking data collected in the daytime based on the dawn and dusk times of the civil twilight phase. Second, the method uses a Geohash geocoding process to identify whether an LFX area coincides …

An Mrf Model-Based Study On The Effect Of Fishes Upon The Characteristics Of Flow Field Of An Aquaculture Tank, Xian-Ying Shi, Zheng-Zheng Huang, Meng Li, Yinxin Zhou, Xiao-Zhong Ren, Hang-Fei Liu, Shu-Peng Du

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The study aims to investigate the effect of fish movement on the flow field in the aquaculture tank of a recirculating water aquaculture system. Herein, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG k-ε turbulence model, the flow field in the aquaculture tank with fish movement was numerically simulated using the multiple reference frame (MRF) model and compared with the numerical simulation results of the fishless aquaculture tank. The results revealed that the overall mean flow velocity in the tank decreased significantly when the fish swam counter-currently with a fixed trajectory, and the overall mean flow velocity increased slightly when …

Research On Risk Assessment Of Container Operation Process In Ports Considering Functional Areas, Chen-Yu Lin, Ming-Jiu Hwang, Tzu-Heng Yen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The risk management of container ports has drawn significant attention recently in part because of recent high-profile accidents in global container ports and in part due to the increasing focus on port safety as a key element in sustainable maritime transportation. This research presented a novel, two-layer container port risk assessment model by partitioning the container port into four areas based on the process of container transportation: loading and unloading, in-port container transportation, storage, and gate areas. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and quantitative risk analysis modeling were combined for each part of the process to evaluate the risk …

Artificial Intelligence In Prediction Of The Remaining Useful Life Of Wind Turbine Shaft Bearings, Jinsiang Shaw, B.J. Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Long-term periodic rotation and unstable load changes in wind turbines can cause unexpected damage to high-speed shaft bearings (HSSBs). In this study, after preprocessing of the HSSB vibration signal, four different models for predicting bearing degradation in terms of remaining useful life (RUL) in days were investigated: support vector regression (SVR), convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and CNN-LSTM. The experimental results revealed that the CNN achieved the best mean absolute error (MAE), at 0.44 days, based on frequency response plot using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), while that of the CNN-LSTM model predicted using the amplitude profile …

Impact Of Multiple Water Temperature Structures On The Behavioral Pattern Of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) On The Coast Of The Shiretoko Peninsula, Xinyi Li, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Hokuto Shirakawa, Kenji Minami, Nobuhiko Sato, Yanhui Zhu, Yasuyuki Miyakoshi, Kazushi Miyashita

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

During the migration of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) towards the Shiretoko Peninsula in Hokkaido, Japan, the convergence of coastal currents results in the formation of intricate water temperature structures. However, the impact of this phenomenon on the behavioral tendencies of chum salmon remains largely unexplored. In 2012 and 2013, we conducted a study to document the vertical water temperature profiles and uninterrupted swimming patterns of homing chum salmon in the coastal waters surrounding the Shiretoko Peninsula. The results indicated that chum salmon exhibited a preference for avoiding thermoclines characterized by rapidly decreasing water temperatures. They were predominantly observed swimming either …

Research On The Collision Risk Of Ships Off Keelung Based On Ais Data, Shih-Tzung Chen, Ming-Feng Yang, Sheng-Long Kao, Mengru Tu, Jun-Yuan Kuo, Yen-Ting Chao, Huang-Kai Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

In previous literature, several computational methods have been proposed to analyze collision risks for vessels navigating at sea, most of which rely on the calculation of DCPA and TCPA between two vessels. However, this study adopts an enhanced version of the Vessel Conflict Ranking Operator (VCRO) to assess vessel collision risks. This approach not only considers the relative distance and relative velocity between two vessels but also takes their relative aspect into account. This methodology was applied to real-world vessels’ dynamic data collected through AIS. From a near-collision perspective, it identifies high-risk areas near Keelung water where commercial vessels and …