Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Semi-Decentralized Inference In Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks For Traffic Demand Forecasting: An Edge-Computing Approach, Mahmoud Nazzal, Abdallah Khreishah, Joyoung Lee, Shaahin Angizi, Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Prediction of taxi service demand and supply is essential for improving customer experience and provider's profit. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs), modeling city areas as nodes in a transportation graph, have been shown efficient for this application as they utilize both local node features and the graph structure in the prediction. Still, further improvement can be achieved by either simultaneously exploiting different types of nodes/edges in the graphs or enlarging the scale of the transportation graph. However, both alternatives are challenged by the scalability of GNNs. An immediate remedy to the scalability challenge is to decentralize the GNN operation. In …

The Santa Clara, 2024-01-19, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Discord In Concordance Cosmology And Anomalously Massive Early Galaxies, Stacy S. Mcgaugh

Faculty Scholarship

Cosmological parameters are constrained by a wide variety of observations. We examine the concordance diagram for modern measurements of the Hubble constant, the shape parameter from the large-scale structure, the cluster baryon fraction, and the age of the universe, all from non-CMB data. There is good agreement for (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.). This concordance value is indistinguishable from the WMAP3 cosmology but is not consistent with that of Planck: there is a tension in (Formula presented.) as well as (Formula presented.). These tensions have emerged as progressively higher multipoles have been incorporated into CMB fits. This temporal evolution is …

Gaussian Processes And Nested Sampling Applied To Kepler's Small Long-Period Exoplanet Candidates, Michael R.B. Matesic, Jason F. Rowe, John H. Livingston, Shishir Dholakia, Daniel Jontof-Hutter, Jack J. Lissauer

Pacific Faculty Work

There are more than 5000 confirmed and validated planets beyond the solar system to date, more than half of which were discovered by NASA’s Kepler mission. The catalog of Kepler’s exoplanet candidates has only been extensively analyzed under the assumption of white noise (i.i.d. Gaussian), which breaks down on timescales longer than a day due to correlated noise (point-to-point correlation) from stellar variability and instrumental effects. Statistical validation of candidate transit events becomes increasingly difficult when they are contaminated by this form of correlated noise, especially in the low-signal-to-noise (S/N) regimes occupied by Earth-Sun and Venus-Sun analogs. To diagnose small …

A Quintic B-Spline Technique For A System Of Lane-Emden Equations Arising In Theoretical Physical Applications, Osama Ala’Yed, Ahmad Qazza, Rania Saadeh, Osama Alkhazaleh

College of Humanities and Sciences Faculty Papers

In the present study, we introduce a collocation approach utilizing quintic B-spline functions as bases for solving systems of Lane Emden equations which have various applications in theoretical physics and astrophysics. The method derives a solution for the provided system by converting it into a set of algebraic equations with unknown coefficients, which can be easily solved to determine these coefficients. Examining the convergence theory of the proposed method reveals that it yields a fourth-order convergent approximation. It is confirmed that the outcomes are consistent with the theoretical investigation. Tables and graphs illustrate the proficiency and consistency of the proposed …

Beyond Standard Model: Structure Factors Of Models Of Different Quarks And Neutrinos As Spinning Structures Made Of Basic Fractional Charges +- E/3, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

We consider a possible line of “elementary” particles as composite spinning structures made of just two basic elementary particles of charges + e/3 and -e/3. In considered structures, up to 3 basic charges can be on the axis of rotation and other charges can be in a revolving motion about the axis. In addition to the simplest structures of quarks, an electron and a neutral particle containing mostly one or no charges on the axis of rotation, suggested initially in [4], we analyze possible spatial structures of spinning composite particles having 2 or 3 charges on the axis of rotation. …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Bio Based Amphiphilic Molecules, Vandana Singh

Theses and Dissertations

Among various molecular self-assemblies, low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs), that can form gels in organic solvents/water/oils, have gained much research attention due to their huge potential applications. Generally, gels are soft nanomaterials formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into a three-dimensional fibrous network entrapping the solvent.

As these gels are formed by self-assembly via non-covalent interactions they are reversible and differ from macromolecular gels. To synthesize LMWGs, biomolecules such as fats, oils, fatty acids, lignocelluloses, sugars, amino acids, and peptides are commonly used as their inherent property favors self-assembly. In the current scenario, interest in synthesizing bio-based gelators has …

Special Issue On Public Policy: Front Matter

CODEE Journal

The Front Matter contains the Editor-in-Chief's Foreword, a Dedicatory by Associate Editor Douglas Meade, a Preface by the Special Editors Bev West and Samer Habre, and the Table of Contents.

Experimental Realization Of The Peregrine Soliton In Repulsive Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates, A. Romero-Ros, Garyfallia C. Katsimiga, Simeon I. Mistakidis, S. Mossman, G. Biondini, P. Schmelcher, P. Engels, P. G. Kevrekidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We Experimentally Realize the Peregrine Soliton in a Highly Particle-Imbalanced Two-Component Repulsive Bose-Einstein Condensate in the Immiscible Regime. The Effective Focusing Dynamics and Resulting Modulational Instability of the Minority Component Provide the Opportunity to Dynamically Create a Peregrine Soliton with the Aid of an Attractive Potential Well That Seeds the Initial Dynamics. The Peregrine Soliton Formation Is Highly Reproducible, And Our Experiments Allow Us to Separately Monitor the Minority and Majority Components, And to Compare with the Single Component Dynamics in the Absence or Presence of the Well with Varying Depths. We Showcase the Centrality of Each of the Ingredients …

Weakened Pelagic-Benthic Coupling On An Arctic Outflow Shelf (Northeast Greenland) Suggested By Benthic Ecosystem Changes, Yasemin V. Bodur, Paul E. Renaud, Lidia Lins, Luana Da Costa Monteiro, William G. Ambrose, Janine Felden, Thomas Krumpen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Ulrike Braeckman

Marine Science

Arctic marine ecosystems are becoming more boreal due to climate change. Predictions of ecosystem change focus mainly on Arctic inflow or interior shelves, with few comprehensive studies on Arctic outflow regions. During September–October 2017, soft-bottom communities were sampled and benthic ecosystem processes were quantified at 12 stations on the Northeast Greenland shelf (outflow shelf) and compared to the last regional ecosystem study, conducted in 1992 and 1993. The benthic habitat was characterized in terms of sediment granulometry, pigment concentrations, and porewater chemistry (dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients). Total abundance and biomass of macrobenthos and meiobenthos, bacterial abundance, porewater dissolved inorganic carbon …

Locally Tight Programs, Jorge Fandinno, Vladimir Lifschitz, Nathan Temple

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Program completion is a translation from the language of logic programs into the language of first-order theories. Its original definition has been extended to programs that include integer arithmetic, accept input, and distinguish between output predicates and auxiliary predicates. For tight programs, that generalization of completion is known to match the stable model semantics, which is the basis of answer set programming. We show that the tightness condition in this theorem can be replaced by a less restrictive “local tightness” requirement. From this fact we conclude that the proof assistant ANTHEM-P2P can be used to verify equivalence between locally tight …

Locally Tight Programs, Jorge Fandinno, Vladimir Lifschitz, Nathan Temple

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Program completion is a translation from the language of logic programs into the language of first-order theories. Its original definition has been extended to programs that include integer arithmetic, accept input, and distinguish between output predicates and auxiliary predicates. For tight programs, that generalization of completion is known to match the stable model semantics, which is the basis of answer set programming. We show that the tightness condition in this theorem can be replaced by a less restrictive “local tightness” requirement. From this fact we conclude that the proof assistant ANTHEM-P2P can be used to verify equivalence between locally tight …

Effect Of Zwitterionic Additives On Solvation And Transport Of Sodium And Potassium Cations In (Ethylene Oxide)10: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study, Manh Tien Nguyen, Yuhua Duan, Qing Shao

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Sodium- (Na+) and potassium- (K+) ion batteries are cost-effective alternatives to lithium- ion (Li+) batteries due to the abundant sodium and potassium resources. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are essential for safer and more efficient Na+ and K+ batteries because they often exhibit low ionic conductivity at room temperature. While zwitterionic (ZW) materials enhance Li+ battery conductivity, their potential for Na+ and K+ transport in batteries remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect of three ZW molecules (ChoPO4, i.e., 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphoryl- choline, ImSO3, i.e., sulfobetaine ethylimidazole, and ImCO2, i.e., carboxybetaine ethylimidazole) on the dissociation of Na+ and K+ coordination …

The Shifting Landscape Of Adolescent Wellness In Boarding Schools: Can Time Spent Off Screens And Outdoors Improve Adolescent Wellbeing?, Kristen H. Peterson

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

For nearly twenty years I have worked directly with adolescents as an independent school educator. Whether in the classroom, on the field, or in the dorm, I have observed and supported students through their middle and high school experiences. During this time, I have witnessed an alarming shift in adolescent physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. Concurrently, I have observed a dramatic increase in the amount of time students spend using screen-based devices, and a decrease in their time spent outdoors.

Using research to ground my anecdotal accounts in empirical understanding, my thesis examines whether or not screen use might help …

Full Issue - Engaging The World: Differential Equations Can Influence Public Policies

CODEE Journal

This is the full issue (front matter and all papers) of the Third CODEE Special Issue, with the theme, "Engaging the World: Differential Equations can Influence Public Policies."

Hyperstructures In Chemical Hyperstructures Of Redox Reactions With Three And Four Oxidation States, Fakhry Asad Agusfrianto, Sonea Andromeda, Mariam Hariri

All Works

Hyperstructures find numerous applications across various disciplines. One notable application is in chemistry, particularly in the context of chemical reactions. In 2014, Davvaz introduced the concept of bi-hyperstructures, but their application specifically in chemical reactions, has yet to be thoroughly explored in previous studies. Thus, the primary aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the different types of bi-hyperstructures present within chemical hyperstructures. The scope of this study focuses on two types of chemical hyperstructures: redox reactions and reactions in electrochemical cells. Within these chemical hyperstructures, we investigate the possibility of bi-hyperstructures among bi-semihypergroups, bi-hypergroups, bi-H_v-semigroups, and bi-H_v-groups. …

Ai-Enhanced Detection Of Clinically Relevant Structural And Functional Anomalies In Mri: Traversing The Landscape Of Conventional To Explainable Approaches, Pegah Khosravi, Saber Mohammadi, Fatemeh Zahiri, Masoud Khodarahmi, Javad Zahiri

Publications and Research

Anomaly detection in medical imaging, particularly within the realm of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), stands as a vital area of research with far-reaching implications across various medical fields. This review meticulously examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in anomaly detection for MR images, spotlighting its transformative impact on medical diagnostics. We delve into the forefront of AI applications in MRI, exploring advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methodologies that are pivotal in enhancing the precision of diagnostic processes. The review provides a detailed analysis of preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and segmentation techniques, alongside a comprehensive evaluation of …

Cathodoluminescence And Tip-Plasmon Resonance Of Bi2te3 Triangular Nanostructures, Qigeng Yan, Siyuan Wang, Kuiwen Guan, Xiaojin Guan, Lei He

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bi₂Te₃, as a topological insulator, is able to support plasmonic emission in the visible spectral range. Thin Bi₂Te₃ flakes can be exfoliated directly from a Bi₂Te₃ crystal, and the shape of Bi₂Te₃ flakes can be further modified by focused ion beam milling. Therefore, we have designed a Bi₂Te₃ triangular antenna with distinct tip angles for the application of plasmonic resonance. The plasmonic emission of the Bi₂Te₃ triangular antenna is excited and investigated by cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope. Enhanced tip …

Thinking Backwards About Time, D. P. Sheehan

Physics and Biophysics: Faculty Scholarship

The concept of time in physics and its connection to consciousness are becoming increasingly problematic. A missing ingredient to both could be retrocausation — the temporal inverse of everyday causation — in which the future influences the past. Apparent evidence for it is in the phenomenon of precognition. Thus far, psychology and physics have assiduously avoided incorporating precognition into their paradigms, even though experimental evidence for it is substantial. Among many noteworthy studies, the Graff–Cyrus experiment is explicated here as an outstanding example of the phenomenon. It is hoped that consciousness, retrocausation, and precognition can be accommodated within the current …

2024 January 18 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Electric Fields In The Atmosphere Might Help Snow Crystals Form, Joseph Cooney

Research on Capitol Hill

Orographic clouds generally form over mountains when valleys are sunny. The unstable atmosphere can trigger clouds over the mountains, which can be convective. When this happens, the cloud particles (water droplets and ice particles) become charged, ultimately creating ice crystals. I wanted to evaluate the impact of electricity on the formation of ice crystals and built a computer simulation to do so.

Revealing Chronic Disease Progression Patterns Using Gaussian Process For Stage Inference, Hongyu Wang, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The early stages of chronic disease typically progress slowly, so symptoms are usually only noticed until the disease is advanced. Slow progression and heterogeneous manifestations make it challenging to model the transition from normal to disease status. As patient conditions are only observed at discrete timestamps with varying intervals, an incomplete understanding of disease progression and heterogeneity affects clinical practice and drug development.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed the Gaussian Process for Stage Inference (GPSI) approach to uncover chronic disease progression patterns and assess the dynamic contribution of clinical features. We tested the ability of the GPSI to reliably …

Determining Critical Nodes In Optimal Cost Attacks On Networked Infrastructures, Ishfaq Ahmad, Addison Clark, Muhammad Ali, Hansheng Lei, David Ferris, Alex Aved

Informatics and Engineering Systems Faculty Publications

A wide range of critical infrastructures are connected via wide area networks as well as the Internet-of-Thing (IoT). Apart from natural disasters, these infrastructures, providing services such as electricity, water, gas, and Internet, are vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Clearly, damages to these infrastructures can have dire consequences on economics, health services, security and safety, and various business sectors. An infrastructure network can be represented as a directed graph in which nodes and edges denote operation entities and dependencies between entities, respectively. A knowledgeable attacker who plans to harm the system would aim to use the minimum amount of effort, cost, …

Self-Consistent Phonon Calculations And Quartic Anharmonic Lattice Thermal Conductivity In 2d Ins Monolayer, Eesha Andharia, Hind Alqurashi, Abhiyan Pandit, Bothina Hamad

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Low lattice thermal conductivity (κ_l) is a crucial factor for higher figure-of merit and hence the efficiency of thermoelectric generators. There are several reports on intrinsically low κ_l values in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. In general, phonon dispersions are studied at absolute zero temperature using the finite-displacement approach within harmonic approximations. In addition, the κ_l is calculated using the third-order cubic interatomic force constants (IFCs) by solving the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons. In these calculations, we use quartic IFCs to solve self-consistent phonon equations …

Evaluation Of Seven Satellite-Based And Two Reanalysis Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Products, Zijing Xie, Yunjun Yao, Qingxin Tang, Meng Liu, Joshua B. Fisher, Jiquan Chen, Xiaotong Zhang, Kun Jia, Yufu Li, Ke Shang, Bo Jiang, Junming Yang, Ruiyang Yu, Xueyi Zhang, Xiaozheng Guo, Lu Liu, Jing Ning, Jiahui Fan, Lilin Zhang

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Although comprehensive evaluation of different types of global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) products has been conducted, the satellite remote sensing techniques have prompted the development of several available global ET products, warranting a reassessment as products continue to evolve. Recently, we produced the long-term Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) ET product, but there is a lack of comparison and evaluation with other ET products and EC observations on a global scale. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and uncertainty of seven satellite-based (GLASS-AVHRR, GLASS-MODIS, BESS, FLUXCOM, GLEAM, MOD16, and PML_V2) and two reanalysis (ERA5 and MERRA2) global terrestrial ET products …

Enabling The Clinical Application Of Artificial Intelligence In Genomics: A Perspective Of The Amia Genomics And Translational Bioinformatics Workgroup, Robert R Freimuth, David B Everman, Derek C Walton, Scott P Mcgrath, Dominick J Lemas, Panayiotis V Benos, Alexander V Alekseyenko, Qianqian Song, Ece Gamsiz Uzun, Casey Overby Taylor, Alper Uzun, Thomas Nate Person, Nadav Rappoport, Zhongming Zhao, Marc S Williams

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Given the importance AI in genomics and its potential impact on human health, the American Medical Informatics Association-Genomics and Translational Biomedical Informatics (GenTBI) Workgroup developed this assessment of factors that can further enable the clinical application of AI in this space.

PROCESS: A list of relevant factors was developed through GenTBI workgroup discussions in multiple in-person and online meetings, along with review of pertinent publications. This list was then summarized and reviewed to achieve consensus among the group members.

CONCLUSIONS: Substantial informatics research and development are needed to fully realize the clinical potential of such technologies. The development of …

Predicting The Reactions Of Cs2, Ocs, And Co2 With Group Iv And Group Vi Transition Metal Oxides, Marissa Shea Blair, Zachary Ryan Lee Phd, David A. Dixon Phd

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Building on a recent serious of high level electronic structure studies of Lewis acid gas reactions with metal oxide sorbents, DFT (B3LYP and ωB97X-D) and CCSD(T) methods are being used to predict the Lewis acid-base addition (physisorption) and formation of metal oxide carbonate/thiocarbonate formation (chemisorption) reactions of CS2, OCS, and CO2 of CS2, OCS, and CO2 with Group IV (MO2)n and Group VI (MO3)n (n = 1 - 3) nanoclusters. For the Group IV oxides, chemisorption to form terminal carbonates and thiocarbonates is predicted to be the most favored, with thiocarbonate ligand binding energies slightly more exothermic than their carbonate …

Neutrosophic Statistical Analysis Of Temperatures Of Cities In The Southeastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Hacer Şengül Kandemir, Nazlım Deniz Aral, Murat Karakaş, Mikail Et

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In the paper, neutrosophic statistical analysis of temperature data of different cities in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey is given. The neutrosophic mean and neutrosophic coefficient of variation are computed using the temperature data. From the analysis, it is concluded that the temperatures of Mardin and Şanlıurfa cities are more consistent than the other cities in Turkey. In addition, the neutrosophic results are compared with results under classical statistics. Based on the comparative study, it can be concluded that neutrosophic statistical results are more adequate, flexible, and more informative than classical statistics.

Untapped Potential Of Scrap Brass Alloy: A New Frontier In The Use Of Brass-Based Photocathodes For Stable And Durable Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting, Rahma Leil, Mohamed Mahrous Abodouh, Nasir Javed, Sneha Sreekumar, Haydee Pacheco, Nada Tarek, Deirdre M. O’Carroll, Nageh K. Allam

Faculty Journal Articles

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising way to produce green hydrogen. However, one of the bottlenecks in realizing scalable green hydrogen production systems is the inability to identify and fabricate earth abundant, stable, and durable photocathodes. The main challenges with the reported photocathodes so far are their instability in aqueous solutions and the use of precious unabundant materials. To this end, the use of scrap materials to fabricate highly stable photocathodes would solve the two main challenges. Herein, scrap brass alloys with different zinc contents were used to fabricate photocathodes for photoelectrochemical green hydrogen production. The scrap brass alloy …

Neutrosophic Statistical Analysis Of Temperatures Of Cities In The Southeastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Hacer Şengül Kandemir, Nazlım Deniz Aral, Murat Karakaş, Mikail Et

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In the paper, neutrosophic statistical analysis of temperature data of different cities in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey is given. The neutrosophic mean and neutrosophic coefficient of variation are computed using the temperature data. From the analysis, it is concluded that the temperatures of Mardin and Şanlıurfa cities are more consistent than the other cities in Turkey. In addition, the neutrosophic results are compared with results under classical statistics. Based on the comparative study, it can be concluded that neutrosophic statistical results are more adequate, flexible, and more informative than classical statistics.