Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Computer Sciences (2699)
- Engineering (1614)
- Environmental Sciences (1601)
- Chemistry (1435)
- Physics (1397)
-
- Mathematics (1337)
- Life Sciences (1328)
- Earth Sciences (1245)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (979)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (623)
- Statistics and Probability (616)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (605)
- Computer Engineering (595)
- Education (538)
- Geology (511)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (497)
- Astrophysics and Astronomy (401)
- Applied Mathematics (393)
- Arts and Humanities (367)
- Databases and Information Systems (352)
- Natural Resources and Conservation (349)
- Water Resource Management (335)
- Information Security (315)
- Hydrology (291)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (284)
- Natural Resources Management and Policy (280)
- Business (276)
- Environmental Monitoring (268)
- Sustainability (252)
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (807)
- TÜBİTAK (636)
- Singapore Management University (457)
- University of Kentucky (295)
- Old Dominion University (248)
-
- Purdue University (245)
- University of South Florida (239)
- Utah State University (236)
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (215)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (207)
- University of Texas at El Paso (192)
- Portland State University (177)
- Louisiana State University (169)
- Wayne State University (159)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (157)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (150)
- Nova Southeastern University (135)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (128)
- University of South Carolina (125)
- Florida Institute of Technology (122)
- Western Kentucky University (117)
- Brigham Young University (116)
- Wright State University (113)
- Claremont Colleges (109)
- Marquette University (103)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (101)
- Georgia Southern University (100)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (98)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (98)
- Cleveland State University (96)
- Keyword
-
- Applied sciences (143)
- Pure sciences (130)
- Mathematics (114)
- Climate change (89)
- Earth sciences (67)
-
- Chemistry (63)
- Machine learning (61)
- Physics (61)
- Geology (54)
- Education (50)
- Security (50)
- Sustainability (46)
- Optimization (44)
- Biological sciences (43)
- Calculus (43)
- IMSA (40)
- Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (40)
- Activity sheets (39)
- Classroom resources (39)
- Teacher resources (39)
- Water quality (36)
- Groundwater (35)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Chemistry (35)
- Geochemistry (34)
- Health and environmental sciences (34)
- Simulation (33)
- Statistics (33)
- GIS (32)
- Remote sensing (32)
- Modeling (31)
- Publication
-
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (434)
- Theses and Dissertations (405)
- Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (372)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (195)
- Faculty Publications (156)
-
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (136)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (131)
- Open Access Dissertations (130)
- Publications and Research (123)
- Turkish Journal of Mathematics (120)
- Departmental Technical Reports (CS) (105)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (96)
- Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications (90)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (87)
- Publications (87)
- Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications (86)
- Physics Faculty Publications (85)
- Turkish Journal of Chemistry (85)
- All Capstone Projects (77)
- Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods (77)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (76)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (76)
- Honors Theses (75)
- The R Journal (75)
- Journal of Electrochemistry (74)
- The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine (73)
- Dissertations and Theses (69)
- Chemistry Faculty Publications (68)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (67)
- Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM) (66)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 10847
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Oceans Of Space, Stephanie Steinbrecher '16
Oceans Of Space, Stephanie Steinbrecher '16
EnviroLab Asia
"Oceans of Space" relates my observations of the 2016 EnviroLab Asia Clinic Trip to Singapore and Sarawak, Malaysia. In this meditation, the concept of space serves as a lens to examine assumptions of geopolitical, historical, and philosophical positioning—regionally and globally. At the center of my inquiry is EnviroLab's connection to the Dayak communities in Baram, Sarawak. This region is experiencing dramatic social and ecological change as a result of industrial development. By triangulating my subjective impressions of this space, various knowledge systems, and the qualitative data EnviroLab gathered in Southeast Asia, I aim to untangle some paradoxes that complicate the …
Investigating The Spatial Complexity Of Various Pke-Peks Schematics, Jacob Patterson
Investigating The Spatial Complexity Of Various Pke-Peks Schematics, Jacob Patterson
Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications
With the advent of cloud storage, people upload all sorts of information to third party servers. However, uploading plaintext does not seem like a good idea for users who wish to keep their data private. Current solutions to this problem in literature involves integrating Public Key Encryption and Public key encryption with keyword search techniques. The intent of this paper is to analyze the spatial complexities of various PKE-PEKS schemes at various levels of security and discuss potential avenues for improvement.
Analisis Sistem E-Commerce Pada Perusahan Jual-Beli Online Lazada Indonesia, Galih Setiyo Budhi
Analisis Sistem E-Commerce Pada Perusahan Jual-Beli Online Lazada Indonesia, Galih Setiyo Budhi
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengenai system e-commerce pada situs belanjan online terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Lazada.co.id. Analisis meliputi, kelebihan dan kekurangan dari lazada Indonesia serta analisis SWOT pada situs tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa lazada Indonesia mampu menjadi perusahaan belanja online terbesar di Indonesia dengan berbagai kelebihan pelayanan maupun jaminan keamanan transaksi. Namun, lazada juga masih memliki beberapa kelemahan, diantara mengenai security system, dengan masih banyaknya konsumen yang mengalami penipuan. Perusahaan lazada Indonesia menggunakan strategi iovation, bargaining power of consumer dan bargaining power of suppliers untuk menjadikan perusahaan belanja online terbesar di Indonesia.
Analysis Porter's Five Forces Model On Airbnb, Osiany Nurlansa, Handaru Jati
Analysis Porter's Five Forces Model On Airbnb, Osiany Nurlansa, Handaru Jati
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
This paper discusses about Airbnb. Airbnb is a company website that allows ordinary people to rent their residence as tourist accommodation. Anyone can rent rooms to suit their budget. The company established in 2008, and eight years later by a very rapid growth, the company reaches a turnover of millions of rooms per year. Airbnb analyzed using Porter's Five Forces Model. According to Porter, the competitive nature of the industry could be seen as a combination of top five strengths, namely Rivalry Among Existing Competitors, Threat of New Entrants, Threat of substitude Products or Services, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, Bargaining …
Characterization Of Hiv Diversity, Phylodynamics And Drug Resistance In Washington, Dc., Marcos Pérez-Losada, Amanda D Castel, Brittany Lewis, Michael Kharfen, Charles P Cartwright, Bruce Huang, Taylor Maxwell, Alan E Greenberg, Keith A Crandall
Characterization Of Hiv Diversity, Phylodynamics And Drug Resistance In Washington, Dc., Marcos Pérez-Losada, Amanda D Castel, Brittany Lewis, Michael Kharfen, Charles P Cartwright, Bruce Huang, Taylor Maxwell, Alan E Greenberg, Keith A Crandall
Epidemiology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Analisis Competitive Forces And Competitive Strategy Pada Sistem Informasi "Zalora.Co.Id", Fitria Ekarini
Analisis Competitive Forces And Competitive Strategy Pada Sistem Informasi "Zalora.Co.Id", Fitria Ekarini
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
Analisis Sistem Informasi Zalora.co.id ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa kuatnya strategi persaingan yang disiapkan oleh Zalora.co.id untuk menghadapi kuatnya persaingan bisnis dengan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang yang sama. Sehingga dapat dilihat kelebihan dan kekurangan dari Sistem Informasi ini. Analisis Sistem Informasi ini menggunakan model analisis competitive forces and Competitive Strategy. Dan untuk mengatasi lima kekuatan kompetitif tersebut, perusahaan dapat menerapkan competitive strategies. Pada Zalora yang merupakan situs web belanja kebutuhan fashion yang menawarkan produk-produk dari berbagai brand termuka, baik lokal maupun internasional ini dapat dikatakan sebagai online shop yang siap untuk bersaing dengan para kompetitor di bidang yang sama. …
Analisis Competitive Force Dan Competitive Strategy Sistem Informasi Kuliner Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Kulina.Id), Damar Purba Pamungkas
Analisis Competitive Force Dan Competitive Strategy Sistem Informasi Kuliner Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Kulina.Id), Damar Purba Pamungkas
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
Abstrak - Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini untuk menganalisis Competitive Force yang di hadapi oleh Kulina dan Competitive Strategy apakah yang dilakukan Kulina dalam mengatasi adanya competitive forces dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Penulisan paper ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis Sistem Informasi Kulina dengan menggunakan Model Porter. Michael A. Porter menjelaskan lima kekuatan (five forces module) sebagai alat untuk menganalisis lingkungan persaingan industri. Keadaan persaingan perusahaan dalam suatu industri tergantung pada lima kekuatan persaingan dasar yaitu : Rivalry of Competitors, Threat of New Entrants, Threat of substitutes, Bargaining Power of Customers, dan Bargaining Power of Suppliers. Michael A. Porter …
Pengolahan Citra Untuk Identifikasi Telur Berdasarkan Ukuran, Syahrul Awalludin Sidiq
Pengolahan Citra Untuk Identifikasi Telur Berdasarkan Ukuran, Syahrul Awalludin Sidiq
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
Salah satu Home Industri penyortir telur di Yogyakarta, adalah Tempel Ambarukmo. Penyortiran awalnya dilakukan secara manual tetapi membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Pengunaan mesin grading untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, namun harga relatif mahal. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya sistem otomatis untuk penyortiran telur sehingga menghemat waktu, tenaga, dan biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu sistem yang mampu mendeteksi dan memisah telur berdasarkan ukuran menggunakan citra digital dengan media interface GUI (Graphical User Interface) yang memanfaatkan software matlab. Telur dikategorikan menjadi 5 kategori (Sangat Kecil, Kecil, Sedang, Besar, Sangat Besar). Dalam proyek akhir ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode waterfall. Pengolahan citra …
Analisis Sistem Informasi Pada Padiciti Menggunakan Konsep Competitive Forces And Strategy, Vivi Kusuma Hertantri
Analisis Sistem Informasi Pada Padiciti Menggunakan Konsep Competitive Forces And Strategy, Vivi Kusuma Hertantri
Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)
Perkembangan sistem informasi mendukung dalam menyediakan tiket secara online dan realtime. E-commerce merupakan proses bisnis yang menggunakan internet dalam menjalankannya. Padiciti merupakan salah satu e-commerse yang menyediakan aplikasi pemesanan tiket kereta api, tiket pesawat, dan hotel. Padiciti dapat diakses melalui aplikasi smartphone dan website yang terintegrasi. Tujuan paper ini adalah untuk menganalisis sistem informasi Padiciti menggunakan metode dengan konsep Competitive Forces and Strategy. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Padiciti telah dapat menjadi sistem informasi yang sesuai dengan Competitive Forces and Strategy dengan hasil yang baik dan dapat bertahan dengan kelebihan dan kekuatan yang kompetitif. Kekuatan Padiciti terdapat pada aspek Cost Leadership, …
Sdss-Iv Manga: Spatially Resolved Star Formation Histories In Galaxies As A Function Of Galaxy Mass And Type, D. Goddard, D. Thomas, C. Maraston, K. Westfall, J. Etherington, R. Riffel, M. D. Mallmann, Z. Zheng, M. Argudo-Fernández, J. Lian, M. Bershady, K. Bundy, N. Drory, D. Law, Renbin Yan, D. Wake, A. Weijmans, D. Bizyaev, J. Brownstein, R. R. Lane, R. Maiolino, K. Masters, M. Merrifield, C. Nitschelm, K. Pan, A. Roman-Lopes, T. Storchi-Bergmann, D. P. Schneider
Sdss-Iv Manga: Spatially Resolved Star Formation Histories In Galaxies As A Function Of Galaxy Mass And Type, D. Goddard, D. Thomas, C. Maraston, K. Westfall, J. Etherington, R. Riffel, M. D. Mallmann, Z. Zheng, M. Argudo-Fernández, J. Lian, M. Bershady, K. Bundy, N. Drory, D. Law, Renbin Yan, D. Wake, A. Weijmans, D. Bizyaev, J. Brownstein, R. R. Lane, R. Maiolino, K. Masters, M. Merrifield, C. Nitschelm, K. Pan, A. Roman-Lopes, T. Storchi-Bergmann, D. P. Schneider
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We study the internal gradients of stellar population properties within 1.5 Re for a representative sample of 721 galaxies, with stellar masses ranging between 109 M⊙ and 1011.5 M⊙ from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Integral-Field-Unit survey. Through the use of our full spectral fitting code firefly, we derive light- and mass-weighted stellar population properties and their radial gradients, as well as full star formation and metal enrichment histories. We also quantify the impact that different stellar population models and full spectral fitting routines have on the derived stellar population properties and the radial gradient measurements. In …
Improving Nuclear Safety, Security, And Nonproliferation In Northeast Asia Through Multinational Approach, Viet Phuong Nguyen
Improving Nuclear Safety, Security, And Nonproliferation In Northeast Asia Through Multinational Approach, Viet Phuong Nguyen
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Nuclear Power: Black Sky Liability Or Black Sky Asset?, Sherrell R. Greene
Nuclear Power: Black Sky Liability Or Black Sky Asset?, Sherrell R. Greene
International Journal of Nuclear Security
Ready access to abundant electricity is a key enabler of modern life. During the past decade the vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure sectors in the U.S. to a variety of natural hazards and man-made threats has become increasingly apparent. The electrical infrastructure (the “Grid”) is the foundation for all other critical civil infrastructures upon which our society depends. Therefore, protection of the Grid is an energy security, homeland security, and national security issue of highest importance. Geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) induced by solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs), electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attacks, and cyber attacks are three events having the potential to plunge …
Addressing The Tunnel Threat At Nuclear Facilities: A Case Study, Md. Mobasher Ahmed
Addressing The Tunnel Threat At Nuclear Facilities: A Case Study, Md. Mobasher Ahmed
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Fibonacci Or Quasi-Symmetric Phyllotaxis. Part Ii: Botanical Observations, Stéphane Douady, Christophe Golé
Fibonacci Or Quasi-Symmetric Phyllotaxis. Part Ii: Botanical Observations, Stéphane Douady, Christophe Golé
Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications
Historically, the study of phyllotaxis was greatly helped by the simple description of botanical patterns by only two integer numbers, namely the number of helices (parastichies) in each direction tiling the plant stem. The use of parastichy num- bers reduced the complexity of the study and created a proliferation of generaliza- tions, among others the simple geometric model of lattices. Unfortunately, these simple descriptive method runs into difficulties when dealing with patterns pre- senting transitions or irregularities. Here, we propose several ways of addressing the imperfections of botanical reality. Using ontogenetic analysis, which follows the step-by-step genesis of the pattern, …
Fibonacci Or Quasi-Symmetric Phyllotaxis. Part I: Why?, Christophe Golé, Jacques Dumais, Stéphane Douady
Fibonacci Or Quasi-Symmetric Phyllotaxis. Part I: Why?, Christophe Golé, Jacques Dumais, Stéphane Douady
Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications
The study of phyllotaxis has focused on seeking explanations for the occurrence of consecutive Fibonacci numbers in the number of helices paving the stems of plants in the two opposite directions. Using the disk-accretion model, first introduced by Schwendener and justified by modern biological studies, we observe two dis- tinct types of solutions: the classical Fibonacci-like ones, and also more irregular configurations exhibiting nearly equal number of helices in a quasi-square pack- ing, the quasi-symmetric ones, which are a generalization of the whorled patterns. Defining new geometric tools allowing to work with irregular patterns and local transitions, we provide simple …
Janus Realized: The Use Of Social Media As A Means Of Transparency Nuclear Communication To The Public, Frances Bachstein
Janus Realized: The Use Of Social Media As A Means Of Transparency Nuclear Communication To The Public, Frances Bachstein
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Editor
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Implementation Of The 1995 Middle East Resolution: A Vital Lifeline To The Extension And Success Of The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Haidy Y. Ghoname, Howard Lewis Hall
Implementation Of The 1995 Middle East Resolution: A Vital Lifeline To The Extension And Success Of The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Haidy Y. Ghoname, Howard Lewis Hall
International Journal of Nuclear Security
This study highlights the core non-proliferation dilemmas we face and suggests an effective mechanism for reviving the spirit and the hope of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. An indispensable key to the treaty calls for a rethinking of what we believe should be referred to as its four pillars: disarmament, non-proliferation, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and implementation of the 1995 Middle East Resolution. We seek to contribute to the renaissance of the non-proliferation regime by addressing seven dilemmas that arise from the way various Non-Proliferation Treaty participants pursue the goals of the four pillars undergirding the treaty. This study highlights …
A New Pathway To Enhance The Nuclear Security Regime, Francesca Giovannini
A New Pathway To Enhance The Nuclear Security Regime, Francesca Giovannini
International Journal of Nuclear Security
The paper investigates the approach used by a new set of regional institutions, the Disaster Preparedness and Risk Management Organizations (DPRMOs), in strengthening regional governance and cooperation. It also inquires in what ways these new institutions might indirectly contribute to the establishment of a more cohesive global nuclear security framework. More specifically, through the examination of the case of Southeast Asia, the paper argues that these institutions, albeit without a specific and direct mandate to operate in the nuclear security domain, are fundamentally strengthening states’ capacity to assess risks and threats and to map vulnerabilities in timely fashion. They are …
Modern Advancements In Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensic Analysis, S. Adam Stratz, Jonathan A. Gill, John D. Auxier Ii, Howard L. Hall
Modern Advancements In Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensic Analysis, S. Adam Stratz, Jonathan A. Gill, John D. Auxier Ii, Howard L. Hall
International Journal of Nuclear Security
Deterring nuclear terrorism is a critical national asset to support the preclusion of non-state actors from initiating a nuclear attack on the United States. Successful attribution of a detonated nuclear weapon allows for timely responsive measures that prove essential in the period following a nuclear event. In conjunction with intelligence and law enforcement evidence, the technical nuclear forensics (TNF) post-detonation community supports this mission through the development and advancement of expertise to characterize weapon debris through a rapid, accurate, and detailed approach. Though the TNF field is young, numerous strides have been made in recent years toward a more robust …
Evaluation Of Covert Plutonium Production From Unconventional Uranium Sources, Ondrej Chvala, Steven Skutnik, Tyrone Christopher Harris, Emily Anne Frame
Evaluation Of Covert Plutonium Production From Unconventional Uranium Sources, Ondrej Chvala, Steven Skutnik, Tyrone Christopher Harris, Emily Anne Frame
International Journal of Nuclear Security
The potential for a relatively non-advanced nation to covertly acquire a significant quantity of weapons-grade plutonium using a gas-cooled, natural uranium-fueled reactor based on relatively primitive early published designed is evaluated in this article. The economic and technical issues that would influence the design decisions of a covert 239Pu production program are considered.
Several unconventional uranium acquisition approaches were explored. Methods for extracting uranium from enrichment tails, seawater, and coal ash sources were considered. The evaluation indicated that uranium extraction from coal ash or insitu leaching from underground deposits could be performed in economical manner that might be difficult …
Student Competition Cover
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Prospects For Cooperation On Tackling Nuclear And Radiological Terrorism In South Asia: India–Pakistan Nuclear Detection Architecture, Muhammad Umer Khan
Prospects For Cooperation On Tackling Nuclear And Radiological Terrorism In South Asia: India–Pakistan Nuclear Detection Architecture, Muhammad Umer Khan
International Journal of Nuclear Security
No abstract provided.
Bloom Filters Optimized Wu-Manber For Intrusion Detection, Monther Aldwairi, Koloud Al-Khamaiseh, Fatima Alharbi, Babar Shah
Bloom Filters Optimized Wu-Manber For Intrusion Detection, Monther Aldwairi, Koloud Al-Khamaiseh, Fatima Alharbi, Babar Shah
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
With increasing number and severity of attacks, monitoring ingress and egress network traffic is becoming essential everyday task. Intrusion detection systems are the main tools for capturing and searching network traffic for potential harm. Signature-based intrusion detection systems are the most widely used, and they simply use a pattern matching algorithms to locate attack signatures in intercepted network traffic. Pattern matching algorithms are very expensive in terms of running time and memory usage, leaving intrusion detection systems unable to detect attacks in real-time. We propose a Bloom filters optimized Wu-Manber pattern matching algorithm to speed up intrusion detection. The Bloom …
The 2016 Analysis Of Information Remaining On Computer Hard Disks Offered For Sale On The Second Hand Market In The Uae, Thomas Martin, Andy Jones, Mohammed Alzaabi
The 2016 Analysis Of Information Remaining On Computer Hard Disks Offered For Sale On The Second Hand Market In The Uae, Thomas Martin, Andy Jones, Mohammed Alzaabi
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
This research describes our survey of data remaining on computer hard disks sold on the second hand market in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This is a repetition of the first survey conducted in 2012 (Jones, Martin, & Alzaabi, 2012). Similar studies have been carried over the last ten years in the United Kingdom, Australia, USA, Germany and France: (Jones, Mee, Meyler, & Gooch, 2005), (Jones, Valli, Sutherland, & Thomas, 2006), (Jones, Valli, Dardick, & Sutherland, 2008), (Jones, Valli, Dardick, & Sutherland, 2009). This research was undertaken to gain insight into the volumes of data found on second-hand disks purchased …
Leveraging The Windows Amcache.Hve File In Forensic Investigations, Bhupendra Singh, Upasna Singh
Leveraging The Windows Amcache.Hve File In Forensic Investigations, Bhupendra Singh, Upasna Singh
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The Amcache.hve is a registry hive file that is created by Microsoft® Windows® to store the information related to execution of programs. This paper highlights the evidential potential of Amcache.hve file and its application in the area of user activity analysis. The study uncovers numerous artifacts retained in Amcache.hve file when a user performs certain actions such as running host-based applications, installation of new applications, or running portable applications from external devices. The results of experiments demonstrate that Amcache.hve file stores intriguing artifacts related to applications such as timestamps of creation and last modification of any application; name, description, publisher …