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Articles 38911 - 38940 of 294593
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Method For Classification Of Surrounding Rock Based On The Excavatability Performance And Adaptability Of Tunnel Boring Machines And Its Applications, Liu Jiawei, Zhang Sheng, Chen Zhao, Yang Zhanbiao, Ji Panjun, Wei Yonghui
A Method For Classification Of Surrounding Rock Based On The Excavatability Performance And Adaptability Of Tunnel Boring Machines And Its Applications, Liu Jiawei, Zhang Sheng, Chen Zhao, Yang Zhanbiao, Ji Panjun, Wei Yonghui
Coal Geology & Exploration
The varying geological conditions of the surrounding rocks of coal mine roadways influence the wide application of full-face rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Therefore, accurately assessing the excavatability of rock masses in coal mines and the rock adaptability of TBMs is crucial for the efficient operation of TBMs. Based on the evaluation results of the parameters and excavatability of rock masses, this study built a classification model for rock mass excavatability using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Furthermore, combining the correlation analysis between the [BQ] values of different geological conditions and the utilization ratio …
Drillability And Mechanical Parameters Of Laser Hot Cracking Sandstones, Yang Lei, Yang Bengao, Liu Junjun, Zhou Xuemin, Xie Jing, Wang Chen, Guo Chenchen, Gao Mingzhong
Drillability And Mechanical Parameters Of Laser Hot Cracking Sandstones, Yang Lei, Yang Bengao, Liu Junjun, Zhou Xuemin, Xie Jing, Wang Chen, Guo Chenchen, Gao Mingzhong
Coal Geology & Exploration
Over recent years, shallow coal resources that can be easily mined have been gradually exhausted. As a result, conventional drilling techniques tend to face challenges such as low rock-breaking efficiency, high drilling costs, and environmental pollution in the exploration and exploitation of deep coal resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce a new auxiliary rock-breaking technique for drilling. Focusing on the new laser-assisted rock-breaking technology, this study systematically conducted mechanical and drillability tests on sandstones after laser irradiation for different durations, aiming to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the temperature field of hard sandstones, the propagation …
Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Thermal Insulation Materials For In-Situ Temperature-Preserved Coring Of Deep Rocks, Xue Shouning, He Zhiqiang, Li Cong, Yu Bo, Lu Xuelian, Liu Wenyue, Yang Jianping, Wei Zijie
Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Thermal Insulation Materials For In-Situ Temperature-Preserved Coring Of Deep Rocks, Xue Shouning, He Zhiqiang, Li Cong, Yu Bo, Lu Xuelian, Liu Wenyue, Yang Jianping, Wei Zijie
Coal Geology & Exploration
High temperature affects deep coal mining and other engineering activities. However, conventional coring methods for terrestrial hard rocks lack temperature-preserved measures, ignoring the effects of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Consequently, the parameters obtained are subjected to distortion, affecting the safe and efficient mining of resources such as deep coals. To make breakthroughs in the development of in-situ temperature-preserved coring technologies for deep rocks, this study proposed using the hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin (HGM/EP) as thermal insulation materials and the physical and mechanical properties. The results are as follows: (1) With an increase in the HGM …
Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Insufficiently Reclaimed (Ir) Sites – Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Butte Remediation Evaluation System (Bres) No. 31 Waste Dump #5, Mike Mcanulty
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Final 2023 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Stodden Park Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Final 2023 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Stodden Park Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Final 2023 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Stodden Park Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Final 2023 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Stodden Park Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Draft Final 2023 Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Borrow Amendment Work Plan, Mike Mcanulty, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Draft Final 2023 Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Borrow Amendment Work Plan, Mike Mcanulty, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Metaverse Concept And Its Military Application, Tan Zhao, Lin Wu, Jiuyang Tao, Shuai Li
Metaverse Concept And Its Military Application, Tan Zhao, Lin Wu, Jiuyang Tao, Shuai Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Metaverse is a concept describing the fusion and interaction between virtual and real, which has become popular in business and academia since 2021. The aim is to study possible applications of metaverse in military. We sort out the definition, characteristics and development of this concept. Then we analyze the necessity of using the concept of military metaverse from the expansion of modeling and simulation(M&S) and live-virtual-constructive(LVC) simulation. And then we study the possible improvements of the military metaverse from the actual needs of military training, operation and information resource management. We sort out the prototype products of the military …
Military Metaverse: Key Technologies, Potential Applications And Future Directions, Zhao Zhang, Yujie Guo, Xiaoning Zhao, Baoliang Sun
Military Metaverse: Key Technologies, Potential Applications And Future Directions, Zhao Zhang, Yujie Guo, Xiaoning Zhao, Baoliang Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Since its emergence, the concept of metaverse has been applied to many fields. At present, the transformation of military intelligence, digitalization and information technology is advancing in an allround way. The military enabled by metaverse technology will accelerate the process of military reform in the new era. To explore the potential application of metaverse in the military field, this paper first introduces several key technologies of metaverse and their functions in the military field, and then discusses some potential directions for the application of metaverse in weapon development and support, training and teaching of officers and soldiers, tactical command …
A Framework On Equipment Digital Twin Credibility Assessment, Han Lu, Lin Zhang, Kunyu Wang, Zejun Huang
A Framework On Equipment Digital Twin Credibility Assessment, Han Lu, Lin Zhang, Kunyu Wang, Zejun Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A key bottleneck in the large-scale application of equipment digital twin is the lack of systematic and effective credibility assessment methods. This paper analyzes the dynamic evolution, virtual-real interactivity and other key features of the equipment digital twin. A credibility assessment framework for the equipment digital twin is proposed, including the credibility connotation of the digital twin, a multi-dimensional and multi-level credibility assessment index system and a credibility assessment methodology. The whole assessment process is illustrated with the robotic arm digital twin as an example, which can provide directional guidance for the assessment and construction of the digital twin.
Research On Dynamic Simulation Technology For Satellite Internet, Xiaofeng Wang, Taiqian Shen, Yuan Liu
Research On Dynamic Simulation Technology For Satellite Internet, Xiaofeng Wang, Taiqian Shen, Yuan Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Network simulation is an important support for new technology verification and security technology evaluation in the rolling construction of satellite internet. A dynamic simulation architecture which based on cloud platform is proposed to address the highly time-varying characteristics of satellite internet. An algorithm of distributed simulation technology of satellite links, which improves the synchronization of accuracy of dynamic simulation of links, is designed to tackle the time-varying of satellite links. Aiming at the topology changes in the process of satellites motion, an algorithm of realtime topology simulation based on time splice is raised, which realizes real-time and accurate changes …
Research And Application Progress Of Tracking Registration Methods In Ar Assembly, Wei Fang, Shuhong Xu, Lei Han, Zhangwenchi Li
Research And Application Progress Of Tracking Registration Methods In Ar Assembly, Wei Fang, Shuhong Xu, Lei Han, Zhangwenchi Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) can superimpose virtual auxiliary information in appropriate positions at the actual work site to achieve intelligent assembly guidance of "what you see is what you operate", alleviating the difficulties for workers to recognize drawings in traditional drawing-based assembly and the problems of misassembly, missing parts and so on. Stable tracking registration in the assembly site environment is the basis for achieving the fusion of virtual and actual scene in augmented assembly visual guidance, and also a key issue in the practical application and deployment of existing augmented assembly. In view of the research and application results …
Surface Defect Detection Of Power Equipment Using Adaptive Receptive Field Network, Hao Yu, Jinxia Jiang, Xiaohan Lai, Feng Mei
Surface Defect Detection Of Power Equipment Using Adaptive Receptive Field Network, Hao Yu, Jinxia Jiang, Xiaohan Lai, Feng Mei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the detection of defects such as icing, rust, and contamination of power equipment in substations, a novel adaptive receptive field network (ARFN) is proposed, in which an adaptive receptive field module (ARFM) combined with the attention mechanism can effectively fuse multi-scale features. Considering the small sample learning attribute of defect detection, a power equipment surface defect simulation data synthesis method based on real texture is also proposed. The experimental results on the simulation dataset show that the network has high detection accuracy for surface defects across devices, while having advantages such as small size and fast operation speed.
Finite-Time Combination-Combination Synchronization Of Hyperchaotic Systems With Different Structures And Its Application, Wu Dong, Cong Wang, Hongli Zhang, Ping Ma
Finite-Time Combination-Combination Synchronization Of Hyperchaotic Systems With Different Structures And Its Application, Wu Dong, Cong Wang, Hongli Zhang, Ping Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the security of confidential communication systems effectively, a combination-combination synchronization scheme based on finite time theory is proposed and applied to chaotic masked confidential communication. Four classical hyperchaotic systems with universal applicability are selected as the research objects. The backstepping method is used to design the combination-combination synchronous control scheme for different structural hyperchaotic systems based on finite-time theory and Lyapunov stability theory. The efficiency and strong robustness to external disturbances of the finite time control scheme are verified by numerical simulation and comparative experiments. The effectiveness of the controller and the strong robustness to …
Modeling And Analysis Of Metro Emergency Decision Based On Logical Game Probability Petri Net, Zhe Yan, Wei Liu, Yuyue Du
Modeling And Analysis Of Metro Emergency Decision Based On Logical Game Probability Petri Net, Zhe Yan, Wei Liu, Yuyue Du
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that logical Petri net can not describe dynamic game process well, logical game probabilistic Petri net is proposed. The four elements of the game are integrated into the logical Petri net, and the players of the game are defined as an attribute of Token, for which the strategy set and utility function are defined, and the information database is introduced. Probability change and vector are introduced to represent the transformation relationship of empirical probability in the process of game, and fuzzy theory is introduced on the basis of Bayes formula to solve the …
Short-Term Vehicle Speed Prediction With Spatiotemporal Convolution Fused With Variational Modal Decomposition, Kai Zhang, Haipeng Lu, Ying Han, Lingyun Zhang, Yujie Ding
Short-Term Vehicle Speed Prediction With Spatiotemporal Convolution Fused With Variational Modal Decomposition, Kai Zhang, Haipeng Lu, Ying Han, Lingyun Zhang, Yujie Ding
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Accurate short-term vehicle speed prediction helps to resolve city traffic congestion problems. Focusing on the defect that CNN cannot process non-Euclidean geometric data, GCN and BiLSTM are combined to fully process the spatiotemporal characteristics of road network information, in which the advantages of GCN integrating global features and the ability of BiLSTM to extract temporal features are considered. In order to reduce the interference of noise to the data, variational modal decomposition (VMD) is introduced and short-term vehicle speed prediction model based on VMD-GCN-BiLSTM (VGBLSTM) is proposed . Simulation results show that the prediction accuracy of VGBLSTM model is …
Research On Period Emergency Supply Distribution Optimization Under Uncertainty, Li Zhang, Mingling He, Qiushuang Yin, Ning Li, Le'an Yu
Research On Period Emergency Supply Distribution Optimization Under Uncertainty, Li Zhang, Mingling He, Qiushuang Yin, Ning Li, Le'an Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the uncertainty and multi-periodicity of emergency supply distribution, a novel period vehicle routing problem(PVRP) multi-objective optimization model is built and a three-step optimization method is proposed. A triangular fuzzy number is used to eliminate the uncertainty. An AHP approach is used to transform the multi-objective function into the single objective function. An improved ACO algorithm is proposed to solve the single objective optimization problem. By classical data set, the time effectiveness of proposed method on emergency supply distribution problem is verified. The computational advantage in convergence speed is proved by the comparative analysis of the proposed …
Improved Object Detection Of Yolov4 In Foggy Conditions, Shugang Liu, Linkun Zhang, Haodong Du, Hongtao Wang
Improved Object Detection Of Yolov4 In Foggy Conditions, Shugang Liu, Linkun Zhang, Haodong Du, Hongtao Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the low detection accuracy in foggy weather, a new defogging target detection method based on DeblurGANv2 and YOLOv4 is proposed. In the method, image enhancement algorithm DeblurGANv2 in the generation countermeasure network is added to the preprocessing module of YOLOv4 to preprocess the foggy image and retain the high-quality texture and color information of the image, lightweight neural network ShuffleNet V2 is used to replace the CSPDarkNet53 network used for backbone feature extraction in YOLOv4 to improve the speed of model mark detection. Attention mechanism is added to the feature extraction network of YOLOv4 to enhance the …
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning And Simulation Of Mobile Picking Robot Based On Dppo, Junqiang Lin, Hongjun Wang, Xiangjun Zou, Po Zhang, Chengen Li, Yipeng Zhou, Shujie Yao
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning And Simulation Of Mobile Picking Robot Based On Dppo, Junqiang Lin, Hongjun Wang, Xiangjun Zou, Po Zhang, Chengen Li, Yipeng Zhou, Shujie Yao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the autonomous decision-making difficulty of mobile picking robots in random and changeable complicated path environment during field operations, an autonomous obstacle avoidance path planning method based on deep reinforcement learning is propose. By setting the state space and action space and using the artificial potential field method to design the reward function, an obstacle penalty coefficient setting method based on collision cone collision avoidance detection is proposed to improve the autonomous collision avoidance ability. A virtual simulation system is constructed, in which the learning and training of the mobile picking robot is carried out and verified by …
Pedestrian Evacuation Model Considering Emotional Infection, Fan Dong, Qimiao Xie, Xiaolian Li, Shuchao Cao
Pedestrian Evacuation Model Considering Emotional Infection, Fan Dong, Qimiao Xie, Xiaolian Li, Shuchao Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To explore the role of panic in crowd evacuation, a crowd evacuation model considering panic infection is constructed based on SIR model, SIS model and CA model. The influences of emotional threshold and emotional decay rate on the evacuation process of pedestrians are discussed. The results show that pedestrians under high panic might lose rational judgment and hinder the evacuation of the crowd around, resulting in a decrease of evacuation efficiency. It can be found that the state of an individual depends on the infection threshold and the immune threshold. The emotional decay rate affects the change rate of …
Application Of 3d Scanned Big Data Of Large-Scale Cultural Heritage Objects Based On Noise-Robust Transparent Visualization, Tanaka Satoshi
Application Of 3d Scanned Big Data Of Large-Scale Cultural Heritage Objects Based On Noise-Robust Transparent Visualization, Tanaka Satoshi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology has undergone remarkable developments in recent years. Data acquired by 3D scanning have the form of 3D point clouds. The 3D scanned point clouds have data sizes that can be considered big data. They also contain measurement noise inherent in measurement data. These properties of 3D scanned point clouds make many traditional CG/visualization techniques difficult. This paper reviewed our recent achievements in developing varieties of high-quality visualizations suitable for the visual analysis of 3D scanned point clouds. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the method by applying the visualizations to various cultural heritage objects. The main …
Intelligent Air Defense Task Assignment Based On Assignment Strategy Optimization Algorithm, Jiayi Liu, Gang Wang, Qiang Fu, Xiangke Guo, Siyuan Wang
Intelligent Air Defense Task Assignment Based On Assignment Strategy Optimization Algorithm, Jiayi Liu, Gang Wang, Qiang Fu, Xiangke Guo, Siyuan Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the insufficient solving speed of assignment strategy optimization algorithm in largescale scenarios, deep reinforcement learning is combined with Markov decision process to carry out the intelligent large-scale air defense task assignment. According to the characteristics of large-scale air defense operations, Markov decision process is used to model the agent and a digital battlefield simulation environment is built. Air defense task assignment agent is designed and trained in digital battlefield simulation environment through proximal policy optimization algorithm. The feasibility and advantage of the method are verified by taking a large-scale ground-to-air countermeasure mission as an example.
Real-Time Simulation Method Of Ultra-High-Definition Video Texture, Yangyang Liu, Gangyi Ding, Dapeng Yan, Tong Xue
Real-Time Simulation Method Of Ultra-High-Definition Video Texture, Yangyang Liu, Gangyi Ding, Dapeng Yan, Tong Xue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the development and promotion of ultra-high-definition video technology, how to quickly simulate ultra-high-definition video texture has gradually become an important research issue. Aiming at the completeness and high efficiency of simulation, a real-time simulation method of ultra-high-definition video texture is proposed to improve the video texture quality and display frequency simultaneously. A fast generation method of video texture based on GPU parallel is designed, which solves the time-consuming problem of decoding and transcoding. An efficient data transmission method based on shared texture is proposed. On the basis of the simulation engine, the real-time simulation system of ultra-high-definition video …
Research On Nested Named Entity Recognition In Missile Field Text, Jingwen Guan, Xiao Song, Xiaoqing Li, Tong Yang, Junhua Zhou
Research On Nested Named Entity Recognition In Missile Field Text, Jingwen Guan, Xiao Song, Xiaoqing Li, Tong Yang, Junhua Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Compared with the text recognition in conventional fields, it is difficult to recognize the large number of nested named entities in professional terms. This is also one of the care challenges in building the knowledge graph in aerospace field. For the named entity recognition technologies, bidirectional long short-term memory network plus conditional random field (BiLSTM-CRF) is often used to identify entities, which is difficult to distinguish the complex relationships such as nesting and intersection of terms in missile field. In order to solve the problem, based on the nested entity labeling of domain text, a nested named entity recognition …
Robot Path Planning By Fusing Particle Swarm Algorithm And Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm, Menglong Cao, Wenbin Zhao, Zhiqiang Chen
Robot Path Planning By Fusing Particle Swarm Algorithm And Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm, Menglong Cao, Wenbin Zhao, Zhiqiang Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the long paths and slow convergence speed of GWO algorithm in robot path planning, a hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm based on PSO algorithm and the improved GWO algorithm is proposed. By running PSO algorithm for many times, the initial wolf group size and initial fitness value are determined. A nonlinear convergence factor is introduced to balance the exploration and development capabilities of GWO algorithm, and a dynamic inertia weight factor is proposed to ensure the leadership system of alpha wolf and to promote the population communication. Levy flight and greedy strategy are used to effectively avoid the local …
Lidar Slam Mapping Method Adapted To Environmental Spatial Changes, Songming Jiao, Xin Yao, Hui Ding, Yufei Zhong
Lidar Slam Mapping Method Adapted To Environmental Spatial Changes, Songming Jiao, Xin Yao, Hui Ding, Yufei Zhong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the environment with obvious changes in space size, aiming at the drift and other problems of the existing algorithm, Adp-lio-sam mapping method is proposed to adapt to the environment space changes, and improve the generality of lio-sam algorithm. Point cloud dewarping method is improved, and Kalman filter algorithm is used to carry out the motion compensation data by fusing lidar interframe pose interpolation and IMU interpolation. Fuzzy algorithm is used to adapt different points filtering thresholds for different spatial environments and the constraints of loop closure detection are optimized. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing …
Research On Modeling And Optimization Method Of Torpedo Anti-Jamming Attack Based On Game Confrontation, Liqiang Guo, Ma Liang, Zhang Hui, Yang Jing, Fan Xueman, Cheng Zhuo
Research On Modeling And Optimization Method Of Torpedo Anti-Jamming Attack Based On Game Confrontation, Liqiang Guo, Ma Liang, Zhang Hui, Yang Jing, Fan Xueman, Cheng Zhuo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the strong adversarial characteristics of underwater attack and defense operations and the time-consuming problem of traditional Monte Carlo method, a model of torpedo anti-jamming attack based on game confrontation is designed and an improved genetic simulated annealing algorithm for optimal model is proposed. Through the research method of simulation analysis, on the basis of the models of two torpedo salvo attack and submarine acoustic resistance defense, the attack-defense confrontation model is constructed according to the Nash equilibrium theory under zero-sum game. The initial population, fitness function, and evolutionary strategy of GA are improved by the ideas of …
Target Search Planning And Algorithm For Monitoring Of Polar Disaster Areas, Fei Ding, Meinan Zhang, Hengheng Zhuang, Hairong Ma
Target Search Planning And Algorithm For Monitoring Of Polar Disaster Areas, Fei Ding, Meinan Zhang, Hengheng Zhuang, Hairong Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at improving the ability of safe navigation route planning and risk assessment of ships in polar waters, a target search model and method based on clustering and efficient indexing of monitoring center are proposed. By constructing a disaster monitoring scenario based on the current navigation area of the ship, a virtual electronic fence is introduced to define the monitoring area. Spectral clustering algorithm is used to divide the risk level of the fence area, extract high-risk areas, and optimize the generation of target search scenarios; Efficient determination of the matching relationship between the target vessel and the fence …
Two-Stage Robust Optimization-Based Economic Dispatch Of Virtual Power Plants Considering Cogeneration, Jinpeng Liu, Peng Jinchun, Jiaming Deng, Hushihan Liu
Two-Stage Robust Optimization-Based Economic Dispatch Of Virtual Power Plants Considering Cogeneration, Jinpeng Liu, Peng Jinchun, Jiaming Deng, Hushihan Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With continuous enrichment of resources of the supply side and flexible and changeable load of the demand side of energy system to effectively cope with the complexity of system operation optimization and resource allocation, a robust optimization model of virtual power plant considering the interaction between electric and thermal units is proposed. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energy and load in virtual power plant, a two-stage robust optimization model of min-max-min structure is established, and the optimal operation economy dispatching scheme in the worst scenario is obtained. Robustness coefficient is introduced to flexibly adjust the conservativeness of the optimization …
Cytokine Data For Cytokine Profile Assessment From Peruvian Pinniped (Arctocephalus Australis And Otaria Byronia) Plasma, Mykenzee Munaco, Milton Levin, Michael Adkesson, Susana Cárdenas-Alayzad, Dimitrios G. Giarikos, Amy C. Hirons
Cytokine Data For Cytokine Profile Assessment From Peruvian Pinniped (Arctocephalus Australis And Otaria Byronia) Plasma, Mykenzee Munaco, Milton Levin, Michael Adkesson, Susana Cárdenas-Alayzad, Dimitrios G. Giarikos, Amy C. Hirons
SECLER Data
Large colonies of two vulnerable, sympatric pinniped species, Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis Peruvian subpopulation; PFS) and South American sea lions (Otaria byronia; SASL), reside and reproduce in Punta San Juan, Peru (PSJ) where they are exposed to stressors such as contaminants and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The use of cytokines as immune biomarkers can be indicative of an animal’s health and function by allowing for the assessment of an individual's cytokine balance as type I helper T cells (Th1) or type II helper T cells (Th2) dominant. Utilizing archived pinniped plasma samples from 2009-2019 …