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Articles 7051 - 7080 of 291657

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Srgan-Based Deep Learning Framework For Wind Turbine Damage Detection From Sentinel-2 Imagery, Kübra Çakir, Onur Elma, Murat Kuzlu Jan 2026

Srgan-Based Deep Learning Framework For Wind Turbine Damage Detection From Sentinel-2 Imagery, Kübra Çakir, Onur Elma, Murat Kuzlu

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The operational reliability of wind turbines is critical for sustainable energy production in smart grids. This study proposes a remote monitoring approach using perceptually enhanced satellite imagery. Sentinel-2 multispectral data (10 m resolution) has been processed with a Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) to improve visual quality to a perceptual resolution of 30 cm. Although true spatial refinement is not achieved, the sharper structural details enhance classification accuracy. The data set comprises 15,000 images—10,000 SRGAN-enhanced and 5000 augmented through rotation, zoom in, increasing brightness, noise addition, and blurring. A custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been trained to classify turbines …


Interpretable Machine Learning For Bridge-Pier Scour Prediction And Flood Resilience, Adil Khan, Dalya Ismael Jan 2026

Interpretable Machine Learning For Bridge-Pier Scour Prediction And Flood Resilience, Adil Khan, Dalya Ismael

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Bridge-pier scour is a leading cause of flood-induced bridge failure, yet practice still lacks transparent, physics-informed tools that link data-driven prediction with design guidance. This study develops an interpretable, physics-aware machine-learning framework to predict equilibrium scour depth and translate those predictions into actionable strategies for flood-resilient infrastructure. Using the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey Pier-Scour Database (569 laboratory cases), five models: Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost (Tree), XGBoost, Gaussian Process (RBF kernel), and Kernel Ridge (polynomial), were trained and evaluated with K-fold cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated using R², RMSE, and MAE. Gradient Boosting performed best, achieving training and testing R² of 0.99 …


Climate Change Impacts On Hydrology In The Upper James Watershed, Imiya Mudiyanselage Chathuranika, Dalya Ismael Jan 2026

Climate Change Impacts On Hydrology In The Upper James Watershed, Imiya Mudiyanselage Chathuranika, Dalya Ismael

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Hydrological modeling of the Upper James Watershed (UJW), Virginia, is critical for predicting water availability, flood management, agriculture, ecosystem protection, and hydropower production under increasing climate change. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is applied to evaluate climate change impacts on key hydrological components within the watershed. Future climate conditions were assessed for the near (NF: 2026-2050), mid (MF: 2051-2075), and far (FF: 2076-2100) periods using three Global Climate Models (GCMs) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5. Climate data were bias-corrected using the Linear Scaling Method (LSM) and used to drive the HEC-HMS model. Results project …


Towards Breach Hypothesis Based Predictive Autonomous Cyber Defense Ecosystem: Proactive Prevention Of Imminent Threats And Productivity Losses, Yogesh Chavarkar Jan 2026

Towards Breach Hypothesis Based Predictive Autonomous Cyber Defense Ecosystem: Proactive Prevention Of Imminent Threats And Productivity Losses, Yogesh Chavarkar

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

As cyberattack tools and techniques get sophisticated and persistent, reactive cybersecurity has been unable to effectively prevent breaches and compromises. Organizations and institutions with large complex environments have wide vulnerable exposure with higher chances of a cyberattack. This also increases overall security and financial risk. Possibility of repetitive attacks from cyber threats increases, too, despite the use of standard defense measures. Security tools and system vulnerabilities often need manual patching and updates to keep the environment secure and functioning effectively. Productivity suffers from manual trade-offs in keeping the systems secure from adverse impact. Persistent high-severity cyberattacks, despite continued reactive defensive …


Qubit Lattice Algorithm Simulations Of The Scattering Of A Bounded Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Pulse From The Infinite Planar Dielectric Interface, Min Soe, George Vahala, Linda Vahala, Efstratios Koukoutsis, Abhay K. Ram, Kyriakos Hizanidis Jan 2026

Qubit Lattice Algorithm Simulations Of The Scattering Of A Bounded Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Pulse From The Infinite Planar Dielectric Interface, Min Soe, George Vahala, Linda Vahala, Efstratios Koukoutsis, Abhay K. Ram, Kyriakos Hizanidis

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Qubit lattice algorithm (QLA) simulations are performed for a two-dimensional spatially bounded pulse propagating onto a plane interface between two dielectric slabs. QLA is an initial value scheme that consists of a sequence of unitary collision and streaming operators, with appropriate potential operators, that recover Maxwell equations in inhomogeneous dielectric media to the second order in the lattice discreteness. For the case of total internal reflection, there is transient energy transfer into the second medium due to the evanescent fields as the Poynting unit vector of the pulse is rotated from its incident to reflected direction. Because of the finite …


Generative Ai-Driven Optimization In Flexible And Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems, Salah Hammedi, Hicham Chaoui, Lotfi Nabli Jan 2026

Generative Ai-Driven Optimization In Flexible And Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems, Salah Hammedi, Hicham Chaoui, Lotfi Nabli

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (FRMSs) are essential for coping with variability in modern production environments; however, efficient scheduling and rapid reconfiguration remain challenging. This paper presents a hybrid optimization framework that integrates Colored Petri Net (CPN) modeling with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to enhance scheduling performance and system adaptability. The CPN formalism ensures verifiable modeling of system dynamics, while a transformer-based generative model produces candidate scheduling and reconfiguration strategies. Simulation experiments were conducted under static, dynamic, and adaptive scenarios, including machine breakdowns and dynamic job arrivals. Performance was evaluated using makespan, mean flow time, machine utilization, and reconfiguration latency. …


Comprehensive Analytical Investigation Of Tetrahydro-4h-Chromene And Dihydropyridine Derivatives, Ryan J. Burk Jan 2026

Comprehensive Analytical Investigation Of Tetrahydro-4h-Chromene And Dihydropyridine Derivatives, Ryan J. Burk

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations

Novel calcium channel blockers (CCBs) with dihydropyridine (DHP) or tetrahydro-4H-chromene moieties are often chiral, so effective enantiomer separation methods are needed for continued drug development. The purpose of this dissertation is to outline a comprehensive method development model for the chiral separations of DHPs and tetrahydro-4H-chromene derivatives. The scope of this dissertation is to address analytical challenges during initial synthesis, chiral separations, and data analysis during post-processing for this class of chiral compounds. The first section focuses on the method development strategies for separations of DHPs in the sub/supercritical fluid (SFC) and normal phase modes with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin stationary phase. …


Novel Methods For Environmental Fluoride Measurement, Cable Warren Jan 2026

Novel Methods For Environmental Fluoride Measurement, Cable Warren

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations

Fluoride analysis has been an important focus of analytical analysis for many years and will continue to be so going forward. Today, fluorinated compounds, specifically per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), better known as “forever chemicals” have captured the moment and are the subject of vast research and regulation. Under this context, I have researched new methods of fluoride separation and concentration in complex media as well as a novel method of PFAS destruction and total organic fluorine analysis for screening of PFAS in aqueous samples. Through research and work on micro-scale detection methods, an understanding of the state of the art and …


Selecting Plants And Informational Resources, Kat Kelleher Jan 2026

Selecting Plants And Informational Resources, Kat Kelleher

UNH Cooperative Extension

Considerations that go into plant selection on a site when thinking about creating resilient spaces that are able to provide more than one function.


Ecosystem Functions And Services - Landscaping For Water Quality (March 25, 2026 Gbnerr), Julia Peterson Jan 2026

Ecosystem Functions And Services - Landscaping For Water Quality (March 25, 2026 Gbnerr), Julia Peterson

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


Marketing Water Quality Friendly Services, Julia Peterson Jan 2026

Marketing Water Quality Friendly Services, Julia Peterson

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


2026 Water Quality Considerations In Landscaping, Thomas Swenson Jan 2026

2026 Water Quality Considerations In Landscaping, Thomas Swenson

UNH Cooperative Extension

2026 Water Quality Considerations in Landscaping


Estuary, Kelle Loughlin Jan 2026

Estuary, Kelle Loughlin

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


Stormwater Best Management Practices, Kat Kelleher Jan 2026

Stormwater Best Management Practices, Kat Kelleher

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


Assessing And Understanding Soil Characteristics, Amy Papineau Jan 2026

Assessing And Understanding Soil Characteristics, Amy Papineau

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


Gig Worker Social Referrals On An On-Demand Food Delivery Platform, Hai Wang, Hao Sun, Peter Zhang Jan 2026

Gig Worker Social Referrals On An On-Demand Food Delivery Platform, Hai Wang, Hao Sun, Peter Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Social referral programs are commonly used by online labor platforms to incentivize labor supply by rewarding existing workers for successful referrals. This study investigates the impact of such programs on gig workers' labor supply in online labor platforms using data from an on-demand food delivery platform in Singapore. In particular, we analyze how gig workers' past labor supply and referral behavior influence the generation and value of social referrals. This research offers insights into the mechanisms that drive labor supply dynamics in the gig economy and highlights the effectiveness of social referral programs for shaping worker behavior and enhancing platform …


Interpretable Machine Learning For In-Home Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection, Budhitama Subagdja, Shanthoshigaa D, Ah-Hwee Tan, Iris Rawtaer Jan 2026

Interpretable Machine Learning For In-Home Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection, Budhitama Subagdja, Shanthoshigaa D, Ah-Hwee Tan, Iris Rawtaer

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper introduces a novel system for in-home cognitive health assessment using ambient sensors and a machine learning technology that can robustly detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) despite limited available data. The learned model can explain the aspects of individuals’ daily lives led to the prediction, while reliably predicting MCI, providing more insights to healthcare workers for further clinical interventions. We developed the robust transparent machine learning model, based on fusion adaptive resonance theory (Fusion ART) neural network to learn individuals’ daily patterns of activity from continuous sensor data in terms of a suite of digital biomarkers reflecting four key …


Generalized Visual Relation Detection With Diffusion Models, Kaifeng Gao, Siqi Chen, Hanwang Zhang, Jun Xiao, Yueting Zhuang, Qianru Sun Jan 2026

Generalized Visual Relation Detection With Diffusion Models, Kaifeng Gao, Siqi Chen, Hanwang Zhang, Jun Xiao, Yueting Zhuang, Qianru Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Visual relation detection (VRD) aims to identify relationships (or interactions) between object pairs in an image. Although recent VRD models have achieved impressive performance, they are all restricted to pre-defined relation categories, while failing to consider the semantic ambiguity characteristic of visual relations. Unlike objects, the appearance of visual relations is always subtle and can be described by multiple predicate words from different perspectives, e.g., “ride” can be depicted as “race” and “sit on”, from the sports and spatial position views, respectively. To this end, we propose to model visual relations as continuous embeddings, and design diffusion models to achieve …


Memoryart: Enhancing Llms Via Multi-Memory Models With Adaptive Resonance Theory For Healthcare Agents, Renke Dai, Hebin Hu, Jiahui Zhang, Yilin Kang, Ah-Hwee Tan Jan 2026

Memoryart: Enhancing Llms Via Multi-Memory Models With Adaptive Resonance Theory For Healthcare Agents, Renke Dai, Hebin Hu, Jiahui Zhang, Yilin Kang, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Though promising in healthcare consultation applications, large language models (LLMs) face critical limitations in retaining and utilizing long-term memory across multiturn interactions. In particular, existing memory enhancing paradigms are constrained by limited context windows and embedding-based retrieval, often failing to maintain task relevance and still suffering from memory prototype collapse in multi-turn healthcare consultation. To address these challenges, we propose a cognitively-inspired memory framework named MemoryART, which is grounded in Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)—a cognitive and learning theory of how humans and animals adapt to dynamic environments. MemoryART employs three memory modules—working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory to support …


A General Algorithm For Assortment Optimization Under Random Utility Choice Models, Tien Mai, Andrea Lodi Jan 2026

A General Algorithm For Assortment Optimization Under Random Utility Choice Models, Tien Mai, Andrea Lodi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This work concerns the assortment optimization problem that refers to selecting a subset of items that maximizes the expected revenue in the presence of the substitution behavior of consumers specified by a random utility choice model. The key challenge lies in the computational difficulty of finding the best subset solution, which often requires exhaustive search. The literature on constrained assortment optimization lacks a practically efficient method that is general to deal with different types of customer choice models (e.g., the multinomial logit, mixed logit or general multivariate extreme value models). In this work, we propose a new approach that allows …


Dual-Lora And Quality-Enhanced Pseudo Replay For Multimodal Continual Food Learning, Xinlan Wu, Bin Zhu, Feng Han, Pengkun Jiao, Jingling Chen Jan 2026

Dual-Lora And Quality-Enhanced Pseudo Replay For Multimodal Continual Food Learning, Xinlan Wu, Bin Zhu, Feng Han, Pengkun Jiao, Jingling Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Food analysis has become increasingly critical for health-related tasks such as personalized nutrition and chronic disease prevention. However, existing large multimodal models (LMMs) in food analysis suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning new tasks, requiring costly retraining from scratch. To address this, we propose a novel continual learning framework for multimodal food learning, integrating a Dual-LoRA architecture with Quality-Enhanced Pseudo Replay. We introduce two complementary low-rank adapters for each task: a specialized LoRA that learns task-specific knowledge with orthogonal constraints to previous tasks’ subspaces, and a cooperative LoRA that consolidates shared knowledge across tasks via pseudo replay. To improve the …


Benchmarking Gaslighting Negation Attacks Against Reasoning Models, Bin Zhu, Hailong Yin, Jingjing Chen, Yu Gang Jiang Jan 2026

Benchmarking Gaslighting Negation Attacks Against Reasoning Models, Bin Zhu, Hailong Yin, Jingjing Chen, Yu Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent advances in reasoning-centric models promise improved robustness through mechanisms such as chain-of-thought prompting and test-time scaling. However, their ability to withstand gaslighting negation attacks—adversarial prompts that confidently deny correct answers—remains underexplored. In this paper, we conduct a systematic evaluation of three state-of-the-art reasoning models, i.e., OpenAI’s o4-mini, Claude-3.7-Sonnet and Gemini-2.5-Flash, across three multimodal benchmarks: MMMU, MathVista, and CharXiv. Our evaluation reveals significant accuracy drops (25–29% on average) following gaslighting negation attacks, indicating that even top-tier reasoning models struggle to preserve correct answers under manipulative user feedback. Built upon the insights of the evaluation and to further probe this vulnerability, …


Design Principles For Customer-Engaging Digital Service Systems: An Action Research Study, Keng Leng Siau, Xiaofeng Chen, Xin Tan Jan 2026

Design Principles For Customer-Engaging Digital Service Systems: An Action Research Study, Keng Leng Siau, Xiaofeng Chen, Xin Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Digital services represent a business approach employed by organizations to operate in the digital environment. However, systematic development guidelines for developing quality digital service systems are lacking in the literature. The authors identified four general challenges for developing and implementing customer-engaging digital service systems (CEDSS). By employing the method of canonical action research in a digital service system project, they derived 10 design principles for developing high-quality CEDSS. They empirically evaluated the design principles in the development project and through follow-up focus group sessions. The design principles provide applicable and actionable guidelines for the development of CEDSS.


Analysis Theories On Artificial Intelligence, Chatgpt, Data Science, And Metaverse: The Case Of Digital Medicine, Yin Yang, Xingyun Liu, Jorge Luis Cuyubamba Dominguez, Yuan Fang, Wen Xie, Bairong Shen, Keng Siau Jan 2026

Analysis Theories On Artificial Intelligence, Chatgpt, Data Science, And Metaverse: The Case Of Digital Medicine, Yin Yang, Xingyun Liu, Jorge Luis Cuyubamba Dominguez, Yuan Fang, Wen Xie, Bairong Shen, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Healthcare organizations are increasingly adopting digital technologies, with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Science, and the metaverse driving significant advancements in smart healthcare. Al facilitates personalized medicine and efficient drug development, while Data Science enables predictive analytics and big data management, enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare quality. The metaverse introduces immersive training and telemedicine platforms, revolutionizing patient engagement and healthcare research. This study conducts' a scoping review of 6,171 articles, analyzing the transformational impact of AI, ChatGPT, Data Science, and the metaverse on healthcare. It highlights the benefits and risks of these technologies, identifies research gaps in their application within the …


Trajlens: Visual Analysis For Constructing Cell Developmental Trajectories In Cross-Sample Exploration, Qipeng Wang, Shaolun Ruan, Rui Sheng, Yong Wang, Min Zhu, Huamin Qu Jan 2026

Trajlens: Visual Analysis For Constructing Cell Developmental Trajectories In Cross-Sample Exploration, Qipeng Wang, Shaolun Ruan, Rui Sheng, Yong Wang, Min Zhu, Huamin Qu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Constructing cell developmental trajectories is a critical task in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, enabling the inference of potential cellular progression paths. However, current automated methods are limited to establishing cell developmental trajectories within individual samples, necessitating biologists to manually link cells across samples to construct complete cross-sample evolutionary trajectories that consider cellular spatial dynamics. This process demands substantial human effort due to the complex spatial correspondence between each pair of samples. To address this challenge, we first proposed a GNN-based model to predict cross-sample cell developmental trajectories. We then developed TrajLens, a visual analytics system that supports biologists in …


Qualitative Study For Llm-Assisted Design Study Process: Strategies, Challenges, And Roles, Shaolun Ruan, Rui Sheng, Xiaolin Wen, Jiachen Wang, Tianyi Zhang, Yong Wang, Tim Dwyer, Jiannan Li Jan 2026

Qualitative Study For Llm-Assisted Design Study Process: Strategies, Challenges, And Roles, Shaolun Ruan, Rui Sheng, Xiaolin Wen, Jiachen Wang, Tianyi Zhang, Yong Wang, Tim Dwyer, Jiannan Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Design studies aim to develop visualization solutions for real-world problems across various application domains. Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new opportunities to enhance the design study process, providing capabilities such as creative problem-solving, data handling, and insightful analysis. However, despite their growing popularity, there remains a lack of systematic understanding of how LLMs can effectively assist researchers in visualization-specific design studies. In this paper, we conducted a rnulti-stage qualitative study to fill this gap, which involved 30 design study researchers from diverse backgrounds and expertise levels. Through in-depth interviews and carefully-designed questionnaires, we investigated strategies …


Llamoco: Instruction Tuning Of Large Language Models For Optimization Code Generation, Zeyuan Ma, Yue-Jiao Gong, Hongshu Guo, Jiacheng Chen, Yining Ma, Zhiguang Cao Jan 2026

Llamoco: Instruction Tuning Of Large Language Models For Optimization Code Generation, Zeyuan Ma, Yue-Jiao Gong, Hongshu Guo, Jiacheng Chen, Yining Ma, Zhiguang Cao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recently, combining the strength of large language models (LLMs) and Evolutionary Computation (EC) has shown promising results for addressing optimization problems. It typically involves either iterative next-step solution seeking or directly prompting LLMs to generate critical optimization codes. However, these methods often suffer from low computational efficiency, high sensitivity to prompt design, and a lack of domain-specific knowledge. We introduce LLaMoCo, the first instruction-tuning framework designed to adapt LLMs for solving optimization problems in a code-to-code manner. LLaMoCo features a comprehensive instruction set that includes code-style problem descriptions as input prompts and robust optimization codes from expert EC optimizers as …


Revisiting The Canonicalization For Fast And Accurate Crystal Tensor Property Prediction, Haowei Hua Hua, Jingwen Yang, Wanyu Lin, Pan Zhou Jan 2026

Revisiting The Canonicalization For Fast And Accurate Crystal Tensor Property Prediction, Haowei Hua Hua, Jingwen Yang, Wanyu Lin, Pan Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Predicting the tensor properties of crystalline materials is a fundamental task in materials science. Unlike single-value property prediction, which is inherently invariant, tensor property prediction requires maintaining O(3) group tensor equivariance. Such equivariance constraint often requires specialized architecture designs to achieve effective predictions, inevitably introducing tremendous computational costs. Canonicalization, a classical technique for geometry, has recently been explored for efficient learning with symmetry. In this work, we revisit the problem of crystal tensor property prediction through the lens of canonicalization. Specifically, we demonstrate how polar decomposition, a simple yet efficient algebraic method, can serve as a form of canonicalization and …


Cross-Modal Proxy Evolving For Ood Detection With Vision-Language Models, Hao Tang, Yu Liu, Shuanglin Yan, Fei Shen, Shengfeng He, Jing Qin Jan 2026

Cross-Modal Proxy Evolving For Ood Detection With Vision-Language Models, Hao Tang, Yu Liu, Shuanglin Yan, Fei Shen, Shengfeng He, Jing Qin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Reliable zero-shot detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for deploying vision-language models in open-world settings. However, the lack of labeled negatives in zero-shot OOD detection necessitates proxy signals that remain effective under distribution shift. Existing negative-label methods rely on a fixed set of textual proxies, which (i) sparsely sample the semantic space beyond in-distribution (ID) classes and (ii) remain static while only visual features drift, leading to cross-modal misalignment and unstable predictions. In this paper, we propose CoEvo, a training- and annotation-free test-time framework that performs bidirectional, sample-conditioned adaptation of both textual and visual proxies. Specifically, CoEvo introduces a …


Tempo: Training-Time Equilibration Of Modalities For Per-Sample Optimization In Multimodal Sentiment, Yi Zhao, Erik Cambria, Xiaosong E, Xianxun Zhu Jan 2026

Tempo: Training-Time Equilibration Of Modalities For Per-Sample Optimization In Multimodal Sentiment, Yi Zhao, Erik Cambria, Xiaosong E, Xianxun Zhu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Multimodal sentiment models often become over-reliant on the “easiest” modality (typically text), leading to three coupled sub-problems: (i) representation-level dominance, where weaker modalities contribute little to the fused representation; (ii) optimization-level dominance, where the strongest modality drives most gradient updates and suppresses learning in others; and (iii) robustness degradation, where audio or vision fail under noise or missing inputs at test time. We present TEMPO, a plug-and-play training framework that mitigates these issues by rebalancing learning pressure across modalities while leaving inference unchanged. For each mini-batch, TEMPO estimates relative modality strength and applies two synchronized, training-only controls: selective forward attenuation …